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1.1 BIOMES

Vocabulary List abiotic

adaptation Biome

biosphere biotic

climate climatograph

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VOCABULARY

Pages 8 - 33

1.1 BIOMES

What is Biosphere?

What is Biosphere? • The thin layer of air, land, and water on or near Earth’s

surface in which all living things on Earth exist.

What is Biosphere? • If an apple represented Earth, the biosphere would be the

thickness of the apple’s peel.

Where Can You Find This

Kind Of Forest?

New Zealand's South Island Vancouver Island

What kind of living and non

living things can you observe??

Every environment, such as a rainforest, contains living and non-living things (components)

LIVING components = BIOTIC components

NON - LIVING components = ABIOTIC components

Plants Animals Fungi Bacteria

Sunlight Soil

Moisture Temperature

What is Biosphere? • The thin layer of air, land, and water on or near Earth’s

surface in which all living things on Earth exist.

Levels of Organization • The biosphere is too large to study all the relationships

at one time.

• We use smaller pieces, or levels of organization, for their studies.

1. organism

2. population

3. biological community

4. ecosystem

5. biome

6. biosphere

Organisms, Populations, and Biological

Communities

Organisms An individual

living thing, such as one striped fish


Communities

Population A group of

organ isms of the same species that interbreed and live in the same place at the

same time, such as the school of striped fish,is a population.


Communities

Community All of the populations of

species (fishes, coral, and marine plants) that live in the same place at

the same time

Ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere

Ecosystems A biological community, such as the coral reef, and all of the abiotic

factors, such as the sea water, that affect it.


Biome A biome is formed by a group of

ecosystems (the coral reefs off the coast of the Florida Keys) that share the same climate and have similar

types of communities.


Biosphere The highest level of organization

is the biosphere composed of many biomes

Biosphere is broken down to smaller divisions

BIOME

Includes large regions that have

similar biotic and abiotic components

(e.g. Rainforest Biome)

BIOMES of THE WORLD

• There are MANY BIOMES on EARTH (aquatic and terrestrial)

• We will learn only terrestrial biomes (9 of them)

BIOMES of THE WORLD

• Scientists classify them based on their temperature, amount of rain, type of plants or animals etc...

Survey of Biomes - TUNDRA

Location:

Animal Adaptations: Plant Adaptations::

Physical Features: Climate:

The tundra biome is in the upper northern hemisphere, just below the ice-covered polar

seas, at 60º to 70º north latitude.

Precipitation is less than 25 cm annually. Annual summer average temperatures range from 3ºC to 12ºC. Winter temperatures range

from 20ºC to 30ºC.

The tundra biome always has a layer of permanently frozen soil called permafrost. Its flat terrain (the physical features of its

land area) results in poor drainage. In summer, a thin layer of topsoil thaws,

creating many pools and marshes. The tundra is cold and dark much

of the year but has 24 hours of daylight each day during its brief summer.

No trees grow here since the growing season is too short. Roots cannot penetrate permafrost. Many plants grow

close to the ground, where they absorb the warmth that has been trapped by the dark soil and are sheltered from the fierce winds. Short grasses, lichens, and mosses survive here. Some

flowering plants, such as the arctic crocus, have fuzzy coverings on their stems, leaves, and buds that provide protection from

the wind. Shrubs flower quickly during the long, sunlit summer days. The Labrador tea bush keeps its old leaves rather than

dropping them, which conserves nutrients and helps protect the plant fromcold, wind, and drying out.

Arctic foxes and hares have compact bodies and shorter legs and ears, which reduce heat loss. Many tundra animals grow more slowly and

reproduce less frequently than animals in temperate biomes, therefore

requiring less energy.nThe Greenland sulfur butterfly has a long life cycle, taking up to

14 years to become an adult. Caribou migrate to food sources in winter. In winter, the white

feathers of the snowy owl prevent its prey from seeing it against the snow. Many birds

migrate here in summer to eat insects that reproduce in great numbers in the

marshy conditions.

Survey of Biomes - DESERT

Location:



Temperature and Precipitation

Factors that influence the characteristics and distribution

of biomes

Latitude

Elevation

Ocean Currents

Temperature and Precipitation

• temperature and precipitation (which includes rainfall, snow, mist, and fog) are two of the most important abiotic components that influence the characteristics of biomes and the distribution of biomes on Earth.

Scientists build graphs to see relations of world BIOMES to ANNUAL PRECIPITATION and ANNUAL average

TEMPERATURE

What type of biome has an annual average temperature of 20˚C receives 100 cm

of precipitation annually?

1. Boreal Forest Biome

2. Temperate Deciduous

Forest Biome

3. Tundra Biome

4. Temperate Rainforest

Biome

Latitude

• influence the characteristics and distribution of biomes because it affects temperature and precipitation.

• the distance measured in degrees north or south from the equator

Latitude - Temperature

Latitude

Elevation

• the height of a land mass above sea level

Elevation

• It has an effect on temperature

Climate

• the average pattern of weather conditions that occur in a region, which are observed and recorded over a

period of years

Climatographs – Mix and Match GAME

Climatographs • is a graph of climate data for a specific region

Climatographs

• It includes average monthly temperature and an average of the total monthly precipitation for each month.

Climatographs

• You can use climatographs to: • Compare temperature and precipitation patterns in regions within a biome.

• Compare temperature and precipitation patterns in regions that are in different biomes

Climatographs

• The month of the year is shown on the horizontal axis.

Climatographs

• The month of the year is shown on the horizontal axis. • Average temperature is shown on the right vertical axis,

and average precipitation is shown on the left vertical axis.

Part 1

1.

a) Precipitation

b) Month

c) mm

d) °C

e) 120 mm

f) 3°C

Part 3

9.

a) Climatograph B appears to have an even

distribution of precipitation throughout the

year, whereas Climatograph A shows more

precipitation in September through December.

b) Temperatures are colder in the winter months

and warmer in the summer months than in

Climatograph B.

c) Temperate rainforest

d) Temperate deciduous rainforest

Analyze Answers

1. The climate of Climatograph A is very wet with relatively warm

winters.

2. The climate of Climatograph B shows distinct seasons with cold

winters and warm summers.

3. Climatograph A is the temperate rainforest biome because of

the plentiful rainfall and mild temperatures year-round.

4. Climatograph B with its four distinct seasons and equal

distribution of rainfall is a temperate deciduous forest.

5. The growing seasons are almost equal if you count the number

of points above 5°C. Climatograph A has 7–8 (if you count the

one that appears on the line for 5°C). Climatograph B has 7

points above the line for 5°C.

Conclude and Apply Answers

1. Climatograph A represents Prince George,

British Columbia. Climatograph B represents

Ottawa, Ontario.

2. The growing season may be extended by

several months in

Adaptations and Biomes

• Different plants and animals are characteristic for different biomes – such as a cactus in the desert or a caribou on the tundra.


• The reason for this is that they are better adapted for survival in the environmental conditions in the specific biomes


AN ADAPTATION = characteristic that allows an organism to better survive

and reproduce.

1. Structural adaptation – a physical feature that helps an organism survive – A wolf has large paws to help it run in snow

– Porcupines have sharp, stiff quills for defense and protection



and reproduce.

2. Physiological adaptation – a physical or chemical event inside the body of an organism that allows it to survive

– A wolf can maintain a constant body temperature regardless of weather conditions

– A cactus needs only half as much water for photosynthesis as trees or ferns do



and reproduce.

3. Behavioural adaptation – a behaviour that helps an organism to survive – Wolves hunt in packs to capture large prey.

– A burrowing owl hisses like a rattlesnake to scare off predators

Blizzard

1. Which biome is Blizzard from?

2. What are some STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS which help Blizzard survive

in the wild?

3. What are some PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS which help Blizzard

survive in the wild?

4. What are some BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATIONS which help Blizzard survive

in the wild?

BLM 1 -7 Know Your Biosphere

Survey of Biomes - TUNDRA

Location:



Survey of Biomes – BOREAL FOREST

Location:



Survey of Biomes – TEMPERATE

DECIDUOUS FOREST

Location:



Survey of Biomes – TEMPERATE

RAINFOREST

Location:



Survey of Biomes - GRASSLAND

Location:



Survey of Biomes – DESERT

Location:



Survey of Biomes – PERMANENT ICE

Location:



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