new imperialism: motives and tactics nineteenth-century empires superquiz section ii – part 4 13...
TRANSCRIPT
NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS
Nineteenth-Century Empires
SUPERQUIZSection II ndash PART 4
13 questions ndash 325
French Colonial Expansionbull Noted advocate of French colonial
expansion French politician _____________
Born________ died________bull He served
--as premier --_____ terms during the - --_______Republic
bull opposed by ____amp_____ndash Conservativesndash Socialists
Jules Ferry1832 1893
23rd
The Speech
bull Delivered before the ____________________in _____(mo) of _____ (yr)
bull directly combats the opponents of Ferryrsquos policiesbull states the (2)ndash economic and ndash political imperative of French expansion
bull argues for the ____________________of current French policies
bull ____________voices are also heard in this speechndash They reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at
the time
National AssemblyJuly 1883
moral justness
Criticsanticolonial
The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the
individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the
arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion
bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys
bull economicbull political
embarrassment
duty
moderate
continental
The system of Colonial Expansion
bull can be related to three ideas
bull These ideas are
ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________
in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo
economiccivilization
politicspatriotism
Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS
ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly
feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because
ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)
bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the
most extreme senserdquo
bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods
industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo
Free trade 1860
Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo
bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________
bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________
economics
bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France
________________of Englandndash also known as _____________
IRONY
economistsPassy
old school
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
doctrinairesJules Ferry
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
French Colonial Expansionbull Noted advocate of French colonial
expansion French politician _____________
Born________ died________bull He served
--as premier --_____ terms during the - --_______Republic
bull opposed by ____amp_____ndash Conservativesndash Socialists
Jules Ferry1832 1893
23rd
The Speech
bull Delivered before the ____________________in _____(mo) of _____ (yr)
bull directly combats the opponents of Ferryrsquos policiesbull states the (2)ndash economic and ndash political imperative of French expansion
bull argues for the ____________________of current French policies
bull ____________voices are also heard in this speechndash They reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at
the time
National AssemblyJuly 1883
moral justness
Criticsanticolonial
The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the
individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the
arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion
bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys
bull economicbull political
embarrassment
duty
moderate
continental
The system of Colonial Expansion
bull can be related to three ideas
bull These ideas are
ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________
in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo
economiccivilization
politicspatriotism
Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS
ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly
feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because
ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)
bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the
most extreme senserdquo
bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods
industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo
Free trade 1860
Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo
bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________
bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________
economics
bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France
________________of Englandndash also known as _____________
IRONY
economistsPassy
old school
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
doctrinairesJules Ferry
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
The Speech
bull Delivered before the ____________________in _____(mo) of _____ (yr)
bull directly combats the opponents of Ferryrsquos policiesbull states the (2)ndash economic and ndash political imperative of French expansion
bull argues for the ____________________of current French policies
bull ____________voices are also heard in this speechndash They reveal the basis for _________________ sentiment at
the time
National AssemblyJuly 1883
moral justness
Criticsanticolonial
The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the
individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the
arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion
bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys
bull economicbull political
embarrassment
duty
moderate
continental
The system of Colonial Expansion
bull can be related to three ideas
bull These ideas are
ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________
in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo
economiccivilization
politicspatriotism
Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS
ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly
feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because
ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)
bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the
most extreme senserdquo
bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods
industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo
Free trade 1860
Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo
bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________
bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________
economics
bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France
________________of Englandndash also known as _____________
IRONY
economistsPassy
old school
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
doctrinairesJules Ferry
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
bull Ferry starts by stating his _________________ at having to make such a long speech in front of the National Assemblyndash assures the ldquoChamberrdquo that it is as strenuous for him as the
individual membersndash thinks it his __________to summarize and condense the
arguments principles motives and interests for the justification of colonial expansion
bull Ferry promises to remain ___________ampreasonable in his argumentndash Major concern = _________________ interestsndash policy of colonial expansion constitutes both a(n) __amp__ sys
bull economicbull political
embarrassment
duty
moderate
continental
The system of Colonial Expansion
bull can be related to three ideas
bull These ideas are
ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________
in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo
economiccivilization
politicspatriotism
Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS
ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly
feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because
ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)
bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the
most extreme senserdquo
bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods
industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo
Free trade 1860
Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo
bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________
bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________
economics
bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France
________________of Englandndash also known as _____________
IRONY
economistsPassy
old school
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
doctrinairesJules Ferry
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
The system of Colonial Expansion
bull can be related to three ideas
bull These ideas are
ldquo_________ideas ideas of ____________
in its highest sense and ideas of p______ and p____________rdquo
economiccivilization
politicspatriotism
Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS
ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly
feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because
ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)
bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the
most extreme senserdquo
bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods
industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo
Free trade 1860
Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo
bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________
bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________
economics
bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France
________________of Englandndash also known as _____________
IRONY
economistsPassy
old school
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
doctrinairesJules Ferry
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
Job 1 the economic ideasbull 2 groups feel the need for EXPORT MARKETS
ndash The _______________populations of Europendash The ___________________________France particularly
feels the strainbull France needs EXPORT MARKETS because
ndash _____________treaties of ________have caused problemsndash Markets recently open to France have shrunk (2 countries)
bull Germany has surrounded itself with economic barriersbull The United States has recently made itself protectionist ldquoin the
most extreme senserdquo
bull Other industrialized countries are looking to France as an export market for their own manufactured goods
industrialldquorich and hard workingrdquo
Free trade 1860
Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo
bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________
bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________
economics
bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France
________________of Englandndash also known as _____________
IRONY
economistsPassy
old school
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
doctrinairesJules Ferry
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
Yo Passy I do not mean ldquomean to treat [you] with any ___________rdquo
bull Ferry speaks directly to ndash the _______________ndash including _____________
bull who is present for this speechbull well-respected ___________
economics
bull Ferry speaks against ndash this previous school of economicsndash _________________of France
________________of Englandndash also known as _____________
IRONY
economistsPassy
old school
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
doctrinairesJules Ferry
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
Say what DOCTRINAIRESldquothe true export markets
are the ____________________which furnish and assure
themrdquo
commercial treaties
Jean Baptiste SayAdam Smith
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
COMMERCIAL TREATIESbull Ferry believes that commercial treaties
ndash Worked AFTER ____ BEFORE industrial revolution hit full stride ndash DIDNrsquoT work after
bull ldquothe development of science and bull the speeding up of _______________________________________rdquo
bull Competition in the______________market ndash from ________________ did not ruin French agriculturendash No active competition from these 2 countries
bull Americabull India
bull France lived under commercial treaties with ____________and other great powersndash ____________ldquobecame an industrial powerrdquo _____ and _____
bull It takes TWO to TANGOndash The _______________________refuses to make treaties
bull Multiple French officials have reached this conclusion
communicaton
OdessaGRAIN
EnglandGermany 1860 1883
United States
1860
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
bull point deserves equal attention but
bull Ferry hopes to accomplish it ldquoas quickly as possiblerdquo
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille ____________________
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
Pellatan
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
lsquolsquoWhat is this civilization which you impose with_________________ What is it but another form of________________ Donrsquot these populations these inferior races have the same _______________as you Arenrsquot they masters of their own houses Have they called upon you You come to them against their will you offer them _______________ but not civilizationrsquorsquo
cannonballs
barbarism
rights
violence
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
bull Ferry condemns the ideas of M Camille Pellatan as political ________________
bull These ideas do not represent politics nor ____________________
bull The FAR LEFT chimes in at this idea
Point 2 ldquoideas of________________in the highest senserdquocivilization
METAPHYSICS
HISTORY
The FAR LEFT
Ah-ah
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
bull The FAR LEFT eruptsndash M Jules ___________
condemns Jules Ferry for his statement
ndash France proclaimed the _______________________
ldquo_______________races have _____________ rights over inferior racesrdquo
SUPERIOR SUPERIOR
MAIGNE
RIGHTS OF MAN
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
Ferry seeks to justify
___________ and the
________ trade
slavery
slave
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
bull
The French have no right to impose commerce on the ldquoblacks of equatorial Africardquo if they are included in the ____________________
These blacks have not called upon French for ___________________
Dec of the Rights of Man
commerce
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
THE DEBATE
bull M Raoul Duval ndash states that _____________wishes to impose nothing
upon these Africansndash it is ____________who hopes to do so
bull M Jules Maigne differentiates between ____posing an idea and _____posing an idea
bull M George Perin states that ldquoin any case you cannot bring about commerce by ________rdquo
FRANCEFERRY
PRO IM
force
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
bull
bull The LEFT
bull The RIGHT and the EXTREME LEFT erupt in new interruptions
SUPERIOR RACES have a______ to civilize INFERIOR RACES
DUTY
HOORAY
Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
bull Ferry borrows a ldquoremarkably precise formulationrdquo from distinguished writer M Pelletan
lsquolsquoIt is a system which consists of seeking out ____________ in the Orient with a circumspect and peaceful seclusion which is actually imposed upon us in Europersquorsquo
compensations
bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo
Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo
bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER
compensation
patriotism
HOORAY
bull I donrsquot like the use of the term ldquo______________rdquo
Irsquoll ward off any injury being inflicted on the French government ldquowith all the force of [my] _______________rdquo
bull THE LEFT amp THE CENTER
compensation
patriotism
HOORAY
Certain considerations hellip
bull The current conditions of naval warfare have been alteredbull A warship can only carry _________days worth of coal
ndash Without coal a ship is dead in the water
bull France needs countless reprovisioning stations and shelters in and will hold them in (4 areas)ndash Saigon ndash Tunisia ndash the Mekong Deltandash and Madagascar
bull France also holds the Madagascar ports of ndash Diego-Suarezndash Vohemar
14
bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen
___________ and navy in order to compete effectively
ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors
bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline
Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age
institutions
competition
military
population
isolation
activities
bull Global ______________ is increasingndash Some European powers strengthen
___________ and navy in order to compete effectively
ndash Others focus on _______________ growth to overtake competitors
bull A policy of _____________ will only lead to cultural decline
Nations achieve greatness only through the ___________ they developThe ldquopeaceful shining forth of __________________rdquo does not make countries great in this day and age
institutions
competition
military
population
isolation
activities
economic
I cannot believe that the monarchy wants to follow a policy of ______________and _____________France does not follow a policy of ldquo______and _______rdquo
modestyreserve
Bread butter
economic
Fallen monarchs wish to impose these values on France The ____________ Party will NOT follow the examples of __________ and the _______________The Swiss RepublicBelgium
Republican
economic
____France must be both a _______country and a ____ country As much as possible France must influence the destiny of ________________ France has a duty to extend the French
____________________ ________________ and
__________ as much as possible
customs
Europe
free great
flaglanguagearmsgenius
211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49)Six score and seven years agohellip
bull 1 What ldquothree orders of ideasrdquo does Jules Ferry say that he will address
bull economic ideas bull ideas of civilization in its highest sense bull and ideas of politics and patriotism
bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why
bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US
bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote
bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights
bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all
bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well
bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia
bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling
212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan
bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo
________
________
bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo
________
______
______
bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo
____ ________
____ ____
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 2 According to Ferry what is French industryrsquos biggest need and why
bull French industry needs export markets because many markets have closed to them like ndash Germany and ndash the US
bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote
bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights
bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all
bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well
bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia
bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling
212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan
bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo
________
________
bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo
________
______
______
bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo
____ ________
____ ____
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 3 Summarize the quote that Ferry reads from M Camille Pellatan and describe how Ferry responds to the quote
bull Pelletan calls into question the ldquocivilizationrdquo that France pushes on non-Europeans with violence and force arguing that all humans have basic rights
bull Ferry responds by saying that the Declaration of the Rights of Man doesnrsquot apply to all
bull He also reminds Pelletan that commerce is forced upon the non-Europeans as well
bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia
bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling
212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan
bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo
________
________
bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo
________
______
______
bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo
____ ________
____ ____
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 4 According to Ferry why do the French need ports in places like Madagascar and Tunisia
bull Since a warship cannot carry more than 14 daysrsquo worth of coal it was necessary to have provision stations shelters ports for defense and revictualling
212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan
bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo
________
________
bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo
________
______
______
bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo
____ ________
____ ____
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49)Leno or Conan
bull 1 ldquoGentlemen it (EXCITES EMBARRASSES) me to make such a prolonged demand upon the gracious attention of the Chamber but I believe that the (DUTY PRIVILEGE) I am fulfilling upon this platform is not a (EASY USELESS) onerdquo
________
________
bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo
________
______
______
bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo
____ ________
____ ____
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 2 ldquohellipthat need felt more and more strongly by the industrial population of Europehellipthe need for (IMPORT EXPORT) markets Is this some kind of (JOKE CHIMERA) Is this a view of the future or is it not rather a (PRESSING PASSING) need and we could say the cry of our (AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL) populationrdquo
________
______
______
bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo
____ ________
____ ____
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 3 ldquoGentlemen I must speaker from a (HIGHER LOWER) and more truthful (PLANE GROUND) It must be stated openly that in effect (SOME SUPERIOR) races have (RIGHTS ADVANTAGE) over inferior (RACES PEOPLE)rdquo
____ ________
____ ____
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 4 ldquoIf the declaration of the rights of (HUMANS MAN) was written for the blacks of equatorial Africa then by what right do you impose regular (COMMERCE RULE) upon themrdquo
_________
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 5 ldquoI (REFUTE REPEAT) that superior races have a (RIGHT ABILITY) because they have a duty They have the duty to (CHRISTIANIZE CIVILIZE) inferior racesrdquo
________
____
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 6 ldquo[The Republican Party] is quite (UNAWARE AWARE) that one cannot impose upon France a political ideal conforming to that of nations like (INDEPENDENT COLONIAL) Belgium and the (OTTOMAN EMPIRE SWISS REPUBLIC)rdquo
___________
_________
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 7 ldquoSomething else is needed for France that she cannot be merely a (FREE AVERAGE) country that she must also be a (POWERFUL GREAT) country exercizing all her rightful (POWER INFLUENCE) over the destiny of Europe that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the (WORLD CONTINENT) and carry everywhere that she can her (LANGUAGE CULTURE) her customs her (FLAG BANNER) her arms and her (LEGACY GENIUS)
__ ____________
__________
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
bull Section IIbull pp 48-54
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
THE FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION OF 1931
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquobull Written by ___________________ndash lecturer in French History at the
University of ____________________ndash In ________ he authored The Memory
of Resistance French Opposition to the __________ War 19_____-19______
ndash as co-editor of the 1997 War and Memory in the _________________Century
Martin EvansPortsmith
1997
Algerian 54 62
Twentieth
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The Colonial Exhibition Preparationsbull Marshal Hubert _________ndash ______years old in 1931ndash born in ______ and died in ______ndash served as the
bull architect of ___________ colonizationbull _____________ of Morocco for a long period
of time
bull The French regarded Lyautey as a legend
bull The white moustache and ______ haircut typified the muscular ______________________
bull Lyauteyrsquos relentless energy carried over into the Exhibition itself
Lyautey77
1854 1934
MoroccanGovernor
en brosse
colonial heroThe EPITOME of EMPIRE
standing up like brush bristles
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
PURPOSES of the Exhibition
bull To touch the ________amp________of its visitorsbull to excite the popular imagination through its
emphasis on the ndash wondrous ndash the exotic and ndash the curious
bull stressed the _____________necessity of empirendash The ___________________________of 1929 further
reinforced this point
ndash Empire supposedly insulated France from the ____________________
bull The empire functioned as a large ________________
hearts minds
economicWall Street Crash
Depressiontrading bloc
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
bull The Exhibition also needed to project Francersquos _________________mission within its empirendash Enlightenment philosophy cast colonization as a
battle of ___________against _____________bull The ___________fought against the ____________bull with progress poised against ldquoreactionary
________________and religious ______________rdquo
ndash France needed to be held up as a _________ to which all should aspire
civilizing
light darknesscivilized UNcivilized
feudalism bigotrymodel
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull lsquolsquoOur protection you must understand delivered millions of men women and children from the nightmare of slavery and death
bull Do not forget that before we came on the African continent the stronger dominated the weaker a woman was but a beast and a child counted for little
bull There where we found the vestiges of an old civilization with outdated beliefshelliphow much work we have accomplishedrdquo
~ Visitorrsquos Guide to the French Colonial Exhibition 1931
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
French Govrsquot Skillful Marketingbull Released of _____________collection illustrating
imperial scenes to coincide with the openingbull New media such as the _______amp___________
stimulated popular interestbull French citizens disseminated ndash prints ndash postcards and ndash photographs of the Exhibition
bull Posters proclaimed that visitors could undergo a ldquotour of the world in ___________________rdquo
stamp
cinema broadcasting
a single day
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
French Colonial Exposition of 1831
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull The Exhibition cemented the new relationship between France and its colonies
bull The _______ Republic focused on building a ________________________ndash Bring _____________people into a global culture
Greater France110 million
Third
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The Exhibition Opened _________bull 1931ndash ____th anniversary of Tunisiarsquos
annexationndash ____th anniversary of the
invasion of Algeriabull The _______________________ in ____________played hostbull Grounds covered ______hectaresbull Project prep took _____years bull Crowds clapped and cheered as President
_______________________arrived at the front gates of the Exhibitionbull A squadron of colonial _____________ in full uniform escorted the presidentbull A _______-gun salute greeted President Doumerge
May 6 1931
50
100
ParisBois de Vincennes
1004
Gaston Doumerguecavalry
100
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The Groundsbull Great Hallbull triumphant __________bull gilded statue of France
depicting the country as a colonial genius
bull Visitors then followed carefully planned routes along ndash Tunisian marketplaces ndash Moorish palaces and ndash mud-brick fortresses
arch
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
THE GROUNDS
bull The _____________housed ndash countless items glorifying empirendash___________ illustrating and glorifying
empirebull Native__________and French dignitaries
mingled before the opening addressbull Multiple speakers emphasized the
symbolic importance of the Exhibition
Great Hall
frescoes
troops
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
bull high point of the Exhibitionbull the Exhibitionrsquos most popular
attractionbull Entry needed to be restricted to
_____________ to keep crowds in control
Angkor Wat
weekends
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull The floodlit faccedilade of the temple dominated the Exhibitionrsquos night skyline
bull symbolically demonstrate Lyauteyrsquos need to thrill people
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and __________
bull The Exhibition also housed a ndash zoo ndasha fairground ndashan aquarium
bull Entertainmentndashnative musicians ndash snake charmers and ndashbelly dancers
entertainment exoticism
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Attitudinal Goalsbull The political elite sought to instill
___________________in the French peoplebull This superiority would bind the French
people together preventing the social divisions of the _____________________ from reoccurring
bull The monthly magazine ________________ did a special edition on the Exhibition
superiority
French Revolution
LrsquoIllustration
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The Exhibitionrsquos events
bull Countries which sent exhibitsndash Portugal ndash the United States ndash Belgium ndash Brazil ndash Italy ndash the Netherlands and ndash Denmark
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
SPEAKER
bull Prince _________________
bull Mussolinirsquos minister of _________
bull claimed that the French Republic and Fascist Italy shared a common __________
endeavor
Lanzo di Scalea
colonies
ideological
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The ldquo__________________rdquo of the ________ race which having now reached every corner of the world has transformed or is in the process of transforming _______continents into ____________regionsrsquorsquo
Homeric Odysseywhite
civilised
barbaric
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
bull _______________________bull Francersquos minister of _______bull aim of Exhibition = to integrate
_______________into the French consciousness
bull The availability of overseas domains for popular consumption would widen horizons beyond __________
bull This new national ____________would be inextricably tied to empire
Paul Reynaudcolonies
imperialism
identify
Europe
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
INFORMATION PLEASEbull The Exhibition focused on _______________ndash All aspects of colonial life had been painstakingly
documented and recordedbull Agricultural practices bull economic opportunities and bull tourism
bull Colonial Exhibitionndash focused on the empirersquos contribution
to the French ___________machinendash24762 _______________troops
died in World War I
information
militaryWest African
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Tirailleurs Senegalais
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
A Huge Successbull Visitors reached the Exhibition via the specially
extended ___________________bull Roughly ______million people visited the Exhibitionbull Measuring the response is difficult
ndash Some in attendance may have seen the pro-imperialist propaganda as a nuisance
ndash The only opposition however was confined to __________________ and ______________________
bull Empire appears to have penetrated the public consciousness because of the Exhibitionndash Every French classroom had a map of the empire in pink in the 1920s and
1930s
underground8
Communists Surrealists
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
POP CULTUREbull used the empire as a backdropndash The novels of ________________and ndash the songs of ___________featured in the Exhibitionbull Edith Piafrsquos album ___________________
ndash The films of bull Jean Renoir bull Michel Bemheim and bull Pierre Colombier
also tied themselves to the Exhibition
Pierre LotiEdith Piaf
Mon Legionnaire
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
bull The most famous film of this genre was ndash Film__________________ndash Directed by __________________ndash Year _______box office
successndash based on a _______ pulp
fiction novelndash Starring _____________
as sharp-suited gangster Peacutepeacute
Julian DuvivierPepe-le- Moko
1937
1931Jean Gabin
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plotbull Handsome and athletic Peacutepeacute ruled the __________underworld
ndash Peacutepeacute attempted to avoid the police by hiding in the ________bull Arab policeman _______________ served as Peacutepeacutersquos adversary
ndash The Arabrsquos wily and oriental nature contrasts with Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacutersquos superior understanding of French allows him to avoid Slimane bull Over time however the smell and noise of the casbah takes a
_____________________ toll on Peacutepeacutebull Peacutepeacute becomes drunk and doles out
drunken abuse to a blind Arab beggarbull Another scene sees Peacutepeacute nostalgically reminiscing
about working-class Parisbull Peacutepeacute knows he will never see ___________
again
AlgiersCasbah
Slimane
psychological
Paris
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The Message of Pepe-le-Mokobull The contrast the casbah represents nothing more
than____________and ______________bull At the end of the film Peacutepeacute commits __________bull The pessimistic ending emphasized the
________________message of the film the casbah represents both _____________and_______within the French imagination
bull Peacutepeacutersquos fate serves as a warning that the casbah and the French empire possesses a _____________
bull _____________and _____________can easily overwhelm outsiders
bull Shots of Arab _______________ occur repeatedly throughout the filmhellip
chaos disordersuicide
ambivalent
Fatal powerSexual passions violent urges
prostitutes
fascination fear
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
bull The French Empire had NEVER ________________ expanded as suggestedndash Settlers fortune hunters and soldiers _________________ increased the French
Empirendash The central government rarely had control of its own citizens during this period ndash
3 key factors motivating expansionbull Military glory bull economic exploitation and bull religious crusading all served as motivating factors for French imperialists
bull In the early 1880s France experienced internal hostilityndash The ___________attacked colonialism as a burden on France
bull This political party focused its attention on the recovery of ________________bull Germany annexed this region of France after the _____________________War of _______-_________
ndash The Left criticized the Rightrsquos policies as diverting attention from the _______________ struggle occurring in France at the time
systematically
hapharzardly
RIGHTAlsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian1870 1871
class
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
bull The imperial contribution to the war effort created a bond between the colonies and the French home countryndash Colonies offered __________ and ____________to aid
France during the warbull Officials also believed that the war led to new mentalitiesndash The monopolistic attitude of France toward its
empire carried over into the ________and ________(decades)
ndash France ruthlessly exploited its colonies for French war aims from _______to________
TAXES RECRUITS
1920s 1930s
1914 1918
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
An economic perspective
bull Government policy commercial interests and popular perceptions all influenced the new French awareness of empire in the 1920s and 1930sndash The ______________ Ministry framed a general policyndash Exploitation of the colonies became more
bull ruthless bull coherent and bull structured over these two decades
ndash The move from primary extraction to modern extraction of iron and ___________________ represents one such change
Colonial
phosphates
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
France implemented _______________on a grand scale
bull The French applied harsh codes that stipulated each adult male had to work a certain number of days each yearndash work = _____________________ndash work in ___________ systems of rural production
= idlingbull This inherent laziness was characteristic of native
populations
forced labor
labor for wagesnon-cash
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull Refusing waged work meant refusing ________________ndash Thousands of Africans were forced into
makeshift ___________bull ________Africans in the ___________werebull used to erect the Abidjan-Ferkessedegou
railway line from ______ to ________bull ___________laborers from the Ivory Coast
were forced to do timber felling and plantation work
civilization
labor camps42000 Ivory Coast
1921 193016000
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Conditions
bull Conditions for forced laborers were degrading and crudendash 127250 Africans were press-ganged into building the equatorial
railroad from _____________to__________ndash from ______to________ndash ___________of these laborers died from
bull undernourishmentbull disease
bull French colonial companies enjoyed fantastic ___________under these forced labor schemesndash The prolonged absence of workers proved disastrous for
_____________ populationsbull Local production completed collapsed in some regions
Brazzaville Pointe Noire1921 1932
13100
profits
indigenous
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within the French economy
bull ______Senegalese were involved in export-import in 1900ndash By 1930 ________Senegalese remained in the industryndash Shows how the French government aided metropolitan
commerce in penetrating the French coloniesbull Trading monopolies naturally resulted from these
situationsndash By 1939 _________of Senegalese exports went to the
French empirendash Colonial investment ______________ from 1930 to 1939
500
0
13
quadrupled
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
bull The French acquired land in French Indochinandash 104000 hectares in ___________ndash 168400 hectares in ___________ by
1930 leaving over _______the local population landless
bull Rich settlers also seized land in Algeriandash The French held 16 million hectares in
________ndash By _____ this figure rose to 27 million
hectaresndash ______of the population thus owned
_____ of the land thought to be profitably cultivable in Algeria
TonkinAnnam
12
18901940
213
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Tunisia and Moroccobull __________________agriculture became one of the most
efficient systems in the worldbull Large landowners revolutionized agricultural practices
ndash These wealthy elites knew that France served as a _____________ market
bull Machinery usedndash Tractors ndash threshers and ndash disc-ploughs
bull North Africa began exporting large amounts of ndash corn ndash wheat ndash peaches ndash olive oilndash and WINE
North African
captive
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
ALGERIAN WINEbull Algeria rose to be the _________ most
important global wine producerbull Wine represented the French genius
that had cultivated the __________________
bull A myth persisted in France that North Africa had been ________________________ space prior to French colonization
bull PROBLEMS NORTH AFRICANSndash ___________ found vineyards deeply
religiously offensivendash Vineyards took away food
_______________ for local consumption
4th
desert
empty space
Muslims
resources
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
bull Local agriculture already could not keep pace with the growing Algerian populationndash The population ______________ between 1856 and 1940ndash By 1940 the figure reached _______millionndash The introduction of French medicine reduced
______________________ causing the large population increasebull Algerians desperately needed as much agricultural land as they
could getndash Only_____of Algerians owned a farm of more than 100 hectares at
this point in timendash Many Algerians survived on a diet of
bull couscous bull wild artichokes and bull mallow stems
tripled65
infant mortality
1
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Colonial oppositionbull The ________________weighed down the French Empirebull Indigenous populations suffered even worse under the
French governmentrsquos ruthless protection of ___________interestsndash Social divisions came down along ___________lines
exacerbating inequalitybull In North Africa a large _______exodus to major ________
cities led to the construction of miles of ______________ndash This countryside flight resulted in the ______ FAMINEndash North Africans termed this event the terrible year of hunger
bull Locals dropped dead on the side of the road from starvationbull limited relief measures
ndash Most attempted to send the dead back to their hometowns in lorry-loads
Great Depression
settlersrsquoracial
rural coastalshantytowns
1937
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
French journalist ______________
bull Tried to shake French settlers out of their indifference to the poor ___________________
bull graphic description of the starvation in the Algerian _____________Mountainsndash Children fought with dogs for
garbagendash Algerians had bodies in which
muscles were wasting awayndash Infant mortality skyrocketed as
high as ________ndash Half the population survived on
grass and roots
ALBERT CAMUS
Kabyle
80
Algerians
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
OPEN REBELLIONbull Opposition soon transitioned into open rebellion
ndash The French government savagely quashed rebellions in bull _______________(1925) bull _______________(1926)bull _______________(1930)
ndash Disaffection continued through the 1930sbull Social divisions continued to widen as ____________________failed
bull Colonial propaganda of a fraternal generous Republic did not accurately represent the French Empirendash Substantial _______and______barriers to assimilation remainedndash Only a handful of citizens of the French Empire obtained
______________________bull The 1936 election of the leftist __________________
ndash ushered in hopes of a change in the colonies ndash however it soon fell apart
MoroccoSyria
Indochina
assimilation
cultural racial
French citizenshipPopular Front
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Francersquos Affinity for North Africabull NOT shared by COLONISTSbull France had absorbed
ndash Algeria in _________ndash annexed Tunisia a protectorate in_________ndash Morocco followed the same path as Tunisia in _________
bull The ______________of Algeria Tunisia and Morocco to France produced the strongest ties of Loyaltyndash Settlers also established a large presence in these three colonies
bull A ____ Popular Front bill in Algeria offered citizenship to _______Muslimsndash At the time the Muslim population numbered ____________ndash Demonstrations for reform ensued
bull Settlers sabotaged these small-scale concessions
ndash A new atmosphere of violence and tension emergedbull The _______________________was banned from Algeria in _______
ndash This nationalist partyrsquos ban sparked a series of _____________________ on settler farms
bull Settlers responded with forcendash Nationalists perceived attacks as a rebellion against those who had taken their land
1848 18811912
proximity
250006 million
1936
North African Star 1937arson attacks
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Opposition Spread to Moroccobull PROPAGANDA vs REALITY
ndash Propaganda idyllic cooperation between the French and Moroccansndash Reality conflict
bull Colonial authorities declared the _________courts of appeal and tribunals beyond __________courtsrsquo jurisdiction in 1930ndash Nationalists within the ________________Committee considered this
action an attack on their identityndash The 1930 decrees undermined Islam through the creation of a false
divide between Arab and Berberbull Moroccans began demanding _______________________
ndash Social agitation fueled these calls for political actionndash Moroccan exports fell by _______between 1929 and 1936 ndash Rural incomes fell by ____during this same periodndash Demands from political elite found plenty of public support
BerberMuslimMoroccan Action
self-government
1260
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Tunisian opposition
bull Primarily________________bull The________________ndash __________________________________party ndash began pressing for moderate reform
by___________ndash called for the election of a ________________ndash ultimately sought Tunisian
______________________
Destour
1920
independence
parliament
middle class
Liberal Constitution
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Tunisian opposition
bull The ________________ party emerged in
1934ndash young lawyer _______________________
headed the partybull militant opposition ndash Refused_____________________ndash _____________________________
bull Strikes occurred in Tunis in__________as a protest against the French government
Neo-Destour
Habib Bourguiba
Boycotted French goodsto pay taxes
1937
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
French Response Follows Pattern
bull These settlers saw colonial opposition as foreign powers manipulating a minority of colonial subjectsndash Germany ndash Italy and ndash Russiawere all targets of this supposed foreign
power manipulationbull The French ndash arrested Bourguibandash outlawed the Neo-Destour
bull The ___________________________________ was also dissolved
Moroccan Action Committee
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The importance of empire
bull French ______________in crushing North African revolts demonstrates importance of empire by the late 1930s
bull France felt increasingly __________________ from the international scene
bull The empire served as a ndash political ndash economic and ndash emotional hellipsource of hope
isolated
brutality
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The PRESSURE of EMPIREbull November 30 1938 _____________ parliament called
for the annexation of ____________ndash _____________demonstrators carried their exhibition of the
news onto Roman streetsndash The French press quickly instigated a _________________ TUNISIA campaign
bull Prime Minister _____________________gave numerous speeches and radio addresses in ______________and____________
raquo Daladier tried to stiffen French national resolve by reminding the French people that they were NOT ALONE
raquo The entire French_____________would save Francebull France could rely on the ______ million people of the empirebull France itself had only______ million people
the ItalianTunisia
Fascist
hands-off
Edouard Daladier
empire110
42
December 1938 January 1939
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
FRENCH HUMILIATION
bull Stirring nationalist resolve did not successfully prevent the coming catastrophendash The Germans defeated the French in six weeks
from _______ to ______ of _____bull The French endured ______years of German
occupation and national humiliation
bull France lost its status as a great power during _____________________
May June 19404
World War II
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
The legacy of empire
bull Empire became truly important to the French people as _________________ movements in the colonies came into being
bull The Colonial Exhibition is nothing more than a ________________of the French Empirendash The event gave the impression of an enduring and
permanent political entityndash In fact the political and social forces that ended
colonialism in the 1950s and 1960s had already been defined
nationalist
false climax
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Economic exploitationbull Religious crusadebull Military glorybull Central Government Initiativebull All are motivations for 19th century French
colonization
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull To excite the popular imaginationbull To stress the economic importance ofbull empirebull To make empire seem exotic and intangiblebull To project Francersquos mission to civilize the non-
European world
bull Others were Lyanteyrsquos goals with the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull aquariumbull zoobull fairgroundbull circus
bull Others were found within the Colonial Exhibition
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull postcardsbull photosbull printsbull filmbull monthly magazine
bull Others were ways in which the exhibition was publicized via new media techniques
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull novels of Pierre Lotibull songs of Edith Piafbull films of Jean Renoirbull posters of Pierre Colombier
bull Others are art and media that used empire as their backdrop
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52)One of these things is not like the others
bull Pepebull Slimanebull Paulobull a blind Arab beggar
bull Others are characters in Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52)Just the facts please
bull 1
bull 2
bull 3
bull 4
4 years
Gaston Doumergue
May 6 1931
Bois de Vincennes in Paris
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
bull 5
bull 6
bull 7
bull 8
It covered 110 hectares
They talked about it and anticipated it for weeks
Escorted by a squadron of colonial cavalry in full dress
A 100 gun salute
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Sumptuous frescoes glorifying the French empire
Brazil Belgium Denmark US Italy Netherlands Portugal
Prince Lanza di Scalea Mussolinirsquos Minster of Colonies
Paul Reynaud
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Marshal Hubert Lyautey
Triumphal arch amp gilded statue of France a colonial genius
Mudbrick fortresses Moorish palaces and Tunisian marketplaces
A reconstruction of the Cambodian temple of Ankgor Wat
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Documentation of colonial life figures of colonial troops killed in WWI
8 million
It was a success but itrsquos difficult to measure how people responded
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Juilan Duvivierrsquos Pepe-le-Moko is the epitome of the _______________________ of _______________________ film When it was released in _______________________ the film was a big _______________________ success
genrecolonial
1937ox office
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The film is based on a ___________________ bookbull Jean ______________________ portrays a gangster Pepe ldquoan
athletic and handsomerdquo man who is ldquo_______________________ of the Algiers _______________________ underworldrdquo His nemesis _______________________ is an Arab Policeman
1931Gabin
Kingcasbah
Slimane
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull Pepe is able to evade Slimane until he becomes psychologically _______________________ by the noise and smell of the casbah even to the point that he verbally abuses a blind Arab _______________________ Pepe longs for the peace and quiet of the working-class world in _______________________ he once knew
troubled
beggar
Paris
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
bull The movie illustrates how the French were fascinated with but also afraid of the casbah The _______________________ is clearmdashthe casbahmdashand the empire toomdashare places of sexual passion and _______________________ and as thus are _______________________ powerful entities where _______________________ do not belong
warning
violencedangerous
outsiders
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Every fit male had to work for a set number of days each year
To refuse wage work was to refuse civilization and thus betransported to a forced labor camp
Many workers die from disease and malnourishment
Prolonged absence of workers meant the collapse of localproduction
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Greater agricultural efficiency led to surplus of exports of wheatcorn peaches olive oil and wine
Led to a dramatic rise in population that local agriculture couldnrsquotkeep up with
Most Algerians had little or no land and hunger becamecommonplace
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
Social division and inequalities were intensified
All were savagely repressed
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
ORDERING
bull France annexes Tunisiabull France annexes Moroccobull Election of the left-wing Popular Frontbull Great famine in North Africabull The liberal constitution party in Tunisia
the Destour begins to press for reformbull The more radical Neo-Destour party
arises in Tunisiabull Open rebellion against French colonial
rule arises in Syriabull French prime minister gives speeches
and radio addresses about the importance of Francersquos imperial holdings
bull 1 - 1881bull 2 - 1912bull 6 - 1936bull 7 - 1937bull 3 - 1920
bull 5 - 1934
bull 4 - 1926
bull 8 - 1938-39
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-
STOP
- NEW IMPERIALISM MOTIVES AND TACTICS Nineteenth-Century Empire
- French Colonial Expansion
- The Speech
- The Speech Itself - Act I Jules Ferry1
- The system of Colonial Expansion
- Job 1 the economic ideas
- Say what DOCTRINAIRES
- COMMERCIAL TREATIES
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- On the FAR LEFT M De Guilloutet
- Slide 15
- THE DEBATE
- Slide 17
- Point 3 ldquoideas of politics and patriotismrdquo
- Slide 19
- Certain considerations hellip
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- ____
- 211 SHORT ANSWER (pp 47-49) Six score and seven years agohellip
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- 212 EITHEROR (pp 47-49) Leno or Conan
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- PROJECTING A GREATER FRANCE
- Slide 37
- ldquoProjecting a Greater Francerdquo
- The Colonial Exhibition Preparations
- PURPOSES of the Exhibition
- PROJECTING FRANCErsquoS MISSION
- Slide 42
- French Govrsquot Skillful Marketing
- French Colonial Exposition of 1831
- Slide 45
- The Exhibition Opened _________
- Slide 47
- The Grounds
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- THE GROUNDS
- A Reconstruction of the Cambodian Temple of __________________
- Slide 54
- Lyautey hoped to make empire familiar through ___________ and _
- Attitudinal Goals
- The Exhibitionrsquos events
- SPEAKER
- Slide 59
- Lanzo Di Scalearsquos French Counterpart
- INFORMATION PLEASE
- Tirailleurs Senegalais
- A Huge Success
- POP CULTURE
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition
- Colonial film took off following the French Colonial Exhibition (2)
- Pepe-le-Mokorsquos Plot
- The Message of Pepe-le-Moko
- The Facts Behind the Exhibition Historical Perspective
- World War I a pivotal psychological moment for France
- An economic perspective
- France implemented _______________on a grand scale
- Slide 73
- Conditions
- France liquidated local competition --enclosed empire within th
- Land best represents French intrusions into colonial society
- Tunisia and Morocco
- ALGERIAN WINE
- Vineyards took away food resources for local consumption
- Colonial opposition
- French journalist ______________
- OPEN REBELLION
- Francersquos Affinity for North Africa
- Opposition Spread to Morocco
- Tunisian opposition
- Tunisian opposition (2)
- French Response Follows Pattern
- The importance of empire
- The PRESSURE of EMPIRE
- FRENCH HUMILIATION
- The legacy of empire
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (2)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (3)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (4)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (5)
- 213 EXCLUSIONS (pp 49-52) One of these things is not like the (6)
- 214 QUESTIONANSWER (pp 49-52) Just the facts please
- Slide 99
- Slide 100
- Slide 101
- Slide 102
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (2)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (3)
- 215 FILL IN THE BLANK (p 52) (4)
- Slide 107
- Slide 108
- Slide 109
- ORDERING
- STOP
-