PhD, professor Vagapova V.Sh.

GENERAL ANATOMY OF VEINS

The vein valves

Functions of

the veins:

❖ veins pass the blood to the heart

❖ veins are the reservoir for blood

❖ veins regulate hemodynamics

❖ veinsparticipate in exchanges

between blood and tissues

Veins pass the

blood to the heart

The factors of

centripetal blood flow:

❖ the contraction of the muscular coat of

the veins

❖ the vein valves

❖ the contraction of the skeletal muscles

❖ the suction action of the heart and the

thoracic cavity

❖ the difference in blood pressure

between the arteries and veins

The receptors located

in the veins walls:

❖mechanoreceptors

❖chemoreceptors

❖thermoreceptors

❖baroreceptors Reflexes:

❖ vein-veins

❖ vein-arterial

❖ vein-lymphatic

The principle of organization of the

venous system is CONVERGING

Two exceptions:

• the portal vein of the liver

• the portal vein of the adenohypophysis

The portal vein

of the liver

The portal vein

of the

adenohypophysis

blood capillaries postcapillaries venules

inraorganic veins extraorganic veins

veins of small caliber veins of middle caliber

veins of large caliber great veins the greatest veins

The veins can be

divided into two

groups:

❖ somatic veins

❖ cavity veins

Somatic veins are divided into

❖ superficial

❖ deep

Superficial veins

of the upper

extremity

The veins of the

head and neck

Deep veins of the

upper extremity

The veins of the head:

❖ intracranial

❖ extracranial

The sinuses of

dura mater

The peculiarities of the sinuses:

❖ the walls of sinuses are composed of tightly

stretched layers of dura mater

❖ they never collapse

❖ they provide venous blood in changes of

intracranial pressure

❖ they have no valves

Extracranial veins of

the head:

• superficial

• deep

The veins of the

head and neck

Anastomoses between

intracranial and extracranial

veins are:

• By means of emissary veins

• By means of diploic veins

• By means of the vena

ophthalmica

• By means of the small veins

leaving the skull together with the

cranial nerves

The veins of the

cavities:

• the parietal veins

• the visceral veins

The parietal veins

Venous plexuses

of pelvis

Venous vertebral plexuses