NOTES: BLOOD

VESSELS –VESSELS –Arteries and

Veins

ARTERIAL SYSTEM

Major Arteries exiting the heart:

● PULMONARY ARTERIES (from heart to lungs)

● AORTA

AORTA:

● the aorta is the largest artery (diameter)

● the aorta can be divided into the:

*ASCENDING AORTA (as it emerges from the heart)from the heart)

*AORTIC ARCH

*DESCENDING AORTA

Principal branches of the

AORTA:

● the major branches are the:

*CORONARY ARTERIES(branch off from the base of the ascending aorta)the ascending aorta)

*BRACHIOCEPHALIC(branch of the aortic arch)

*LEFT COMMON CAROTID(branch of the aortic arch)

*LEFT SUBCLAVIAN (branch of the aortic arch)

Principal branches of the

AORTA:

● the descending aorta gives rise to the:

*THORACIC AORTA and

*ABDOMINAL AORTA*ABDOMINAL AORTA

● the abdominal aorta gives rise to the:

*R and L RENAL arteries (go to the kidneys)

*R and L COMMON ILIAC arteries

Arteries to the Neck, Head, and

Brain

● the brachiocephalic artery branches into the:

R SUBCLAVIAN and

R COMMON CAROTID

● the L and R common carotid arteries diverge into the:

*EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY and *INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

Arteries to the Shoulder and Arm

● the subclavian artery becomes the:

*AXILLARY ARTERY (wall of chest) –which becomes the:

*BRACHIAL ARTERY (upper arm) –*BRACHIAL ARTERY (upper arm) –which branches into the:

*ULNAR ARTERY (parallels the ulna) and the

*RADIAL ARTERY (parallels the radius)

**as the radial artery nears the wrist, it approaches the surface and provides a convenient vessel for taking the “pulse” (RADIAL PULSE)

Arteries to the Pelvis and Legs**RECALL: the abdominal aorta

branches into the R and L common iliac arteries

● each common iliac artery divides into an:artery divides into an:*INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY*EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY (main blood supply to lower limbs)

Arteries to the Pelvis and Legs

● the external iliac artery becomes the:

*FEMORAL ARTERY – which becomes the:

*POPLITEAL ARTERY (knee joint)

● the popliteal artery divides ● the popliteal artery divides

into the:

*ANTERIOR and

POSTERIOR TIBIAL

ARTERIES

VENOUS SYSTEM

Characteristics of Venous Pathways:

� veins return blood to the heart

� many veins are hard to follow/identify b/c they connect in irregular pathways

���� the larger veins typically parallel the ���� the larger veins typically parallel the arteries (and have the same names as their arterial counterparts)

(e.g.: renal vein parallels the renal artery; common iliac vein parallels the common iliac artery, etc.)

Major Veins entering the heart:

● PULMONARY VEINS (from lungs to heart)

● SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and INFERIOR VENA CAVA (both drain into the R atrium)

Veins from the Brain, Head, and Neck:

● JUGULAR VEINS:

� EXTERNAL JUGULAR (R and L): drain blood

from the face, scalp, and superficial neck

-drain into the R and L SUBCLAVIAN VEINS

� INTERNAL JUGULAR (R and L): larger than

external; drain blood from the brain, deep face/neck

-drain into the R and L BRACHIOCEPHALIC

VEINS

**all of these vessels then merge and give rise to the

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA ���� R atrium!

Veins from the Arm and

Shoulder:

*veins here generally parallel the arteries in each region:

RADIAL VEIN & ULNAR VEIN ����VEIN ����

BRACHIAL VEIN ����

AXILLARY VEIN ����

SUBCLAVIAN VEIN ����

BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN

Veins from the Abdominal

Cavity:

● RENAL VEINS: drain the kidneys

● HEPATIC VEINS: ● HEPATIC VEINS: drain the liver

● carry blood to the INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Veins from the Legs and Pelvis:

*veins here generally parallel the arteries in each region:

ANT. & POST. TIBIAL VEINS ����

POPLITEAL VEIN ����POPLITEAL VEIN ����

FEMORAL VEIN ����

EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN (which joins with the INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN) ����

COMMON ILIAC VEIN

Also from the legs…

**GREAT (GREATER) SAPHENOUS VEIN: longest vein in the body; runs upward along the runs upward along the medial side of the leg and thigh; penetrates deep into the thigh and joins with the femoral artery

Great Saphenous

Vein