neur/o,i nervous system,nervous tissue neuro/allergy حساسیت سیستم عصبی neuro/logy...
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Nervous system
Central nervous system
Nerve cell(neuron)
Neur/o,i Nervous System,Nervous tissue
Neuro/allergy عصبی سیستم حساسیت
Neuro/logy شناسی عصب
Neuro/arthro/pathy عصبی بیماری مفصلی
Allergy in nervous system
The branch of medical science concerned with the various nervous systems
Any disease of joint structures associated with disease of the nervous system.
Neuro/surgery جراحیاعصاب
Neuro/blast رویانی یاختهعصبی
Angio/neuro/pathy رگی ناهنجاری
اعصاب اختالل به وابسته خودمختار Angio/neuro/tomy عروق بریدگی
ناحیه یک واعصاب Dermato/neuro/sis عصبی پوستی
Surgery of the nervous system
An immature nerve cell
A vascular disorder attributed to an abnormality of the autonomic nervous system fibers supplying the blood vessels
Incision of both nerves and vessels of a part
Any cutaneous eruption due to emotional stimuli
Neuro/cardiac به مربوطقلبی اعصاب
Neuro/cranium استخوانهای
جزاستخوانهای جمجمه صورت
Neuro/dermat/itis بیماریدلیل به پوستی مزمن
روانی اختالالت
Neur/algia بافت درد عصبی
Neuro/plasty جراحیاعصاب ترمیم
Relating to the cardiac neurosis
Those bones of the cranium enclosing the brain as distinguished from the bones of the face
A chronic lichenified skin lesion localized or disseminated
The pain of nervous tissue
Surgery of the nerves usually signifying more than neurorrhaphy
Gli/o Neuroglia
Glial سلولهای به مربوط پشتیبان
Angio/glio/mato/sis نوعیرگی گلیومای
Glio/ma توموردربافتنوروگلیا سازنده
Glio/mato/sis ازحد بیش افزایش
نخاع در نوروگلیا
Pertaining to neuroglia
Occurrence of multiple areas of proliferating capillaries and neuroglia or a condition of multiple angiogliomas
A tumor composed of tissue which represent neuroglia in any one of its stages of development
Diffuse formation of gliomas
Gangli/o , Ganglion/o
Ganglion
Gan/glia تجمعگانگلیون هاGan/glio/ma تومور گانگلیون Gan/glion/itis عفونت
گانگلیون Poly/gan/glion/ic گانگلیون تجمع
Gan/gli/ectomy عقدهبرداری
Plural of ganglion
Tumor of a ganglion
Inflammation of a gnaglion
Containing or involving many ganglia
Surgical removal of ganglion
Mening/omeninge/o
meninges
Meningo/cele مننژ فتق Meningo-osteo/phleb/itis وریدهای عفونت پریوستیومMeningo/cephalo/pathy مغزومننژ ناهنجاری
Meningo/rrh/agia مننژ خونریزی
Hernia of the meninges
Inflammation of the veins of the periosteum
Disorder affecting the meninges and the brain
Hemorrhage into or beneath the cerebral or spinal meninges
Myel/o Spinal cord (also bone marrow)
Hemato/myelia نشتدرنخاع خون
Encephalo/myelo/neuro/pathy دربرگیرنده بیماری
مرکزی و محیطی اعصاب Myel/algia درد نخاعMyelo/blast/emia وجود
خون در میلوبالست Myelo/rrh/aphy بخیه
نخاع ودوختن
Hemorrhage into the spinal cord
A disease involving the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
Pain in the spinal cord
The presence of myeloblasts in the circulating blood
Suture of a wound of the spinal cord
Radicul/o Spinal nerve root
Radiculo/pathy بیمارینخاع عصبی های ریشه
Myelo/radiculo/dysplas/ia ریشه و نخاع تکاملی نقص
نخاعی عصب های
Radliculo/gan/glion/itis عصبی های ریشه عفونت
ها گانگلیون و
Any disease of spinal nerve root
Congenital maldevelopment of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots
Inflammation of roots and ganglion
Encephal/o Brain
An/encephal/y جمجمهعصبی بافت فاقد
Electro/encephalo/gramنوا
مغز ر Electero/encephalo/graph
مغز نوار ثبت دستگاه
Electre/encephalo/grapy مغز نوار ثبت Encephalo/dyniaسردرد
Absence of the brain
The record obtained by means of electreencephalograph
An instrument for performing electroencephalography
The recording of the electric currents developed in the brain
Headache
Encephalo/scopy تست مغزیEncephalo/tomy مخ تشریح Polio/encephalo/myel/itis خاکستری ماده عفونت
Por/encephal ایجادیاوجودحفره
مغز در طبیعی غیر
Megalo/encephal/y اندازه غیرطبیعی افزایش مغز
Examination of the brain
Dissection or incision of the brain
Inflammation of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord
The presence of one or more cavities in the brain
Enlargement of the brain
Cerebr/o Cerebrum
Cerebro/logy شناسی مخ
Infra/cerebral مغزی تحت Cerebro/spinal مغزی نخاعی
Cerebro/tomy اناتومیمغز یاتشریح
Cerebro/sis مغزی بیماری
The sum of knowledge regarding the brain
Below the cerebrum
Related to the brain and spinal cord
Incision of the brain
Any disease of the cerebrum
Cortic/o Cerebral cortex,outer portion
Cortico/spinal قشری نخاعی
Cortico/medial قشریمیانی
Cortico/thalam/ic تاالموسی قشری
Cortico/pleur/itis جنب پرده عفونت احشایی
Pertaining to the cerebral cortex and spinal cord
Cortical and medial
Pertaining to cortex and thalamus
Inflammation of the visceral pulmonary pleura
Cerebell/o Cerebellum
Supra/cerebell/ar فوقای مخچه
Cerebello/medullar/y
مخچه النخاعی بصل ای
Cerebello/pontineمغزی پل ای مخچه
Cerebello/rubr/al ارتباطمغزمیانی و مخچه بین
Above the cerebellum
Relating to the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata
Relating to the cerebellum and pons
Relating to the connections of the cerebellum with the red nucleus
Thalam/o Thalamus
Thalamo/tomy تاالموسی تشریح
Thalamo/cortic/al
قشری تاالموسی
Incision of the thalamus
Relating to the efferent connections of the thalamus with the cerebral cortex
Ventricul/o Cavity,ventricle
Intra/ventricul/ar میان بطنی
Ventriculo/scope های بطن اندوسکوپی
کورویید مغزوشبکه
Ventriculo/puncture تزریقمغزی های بطن به
Within a ventricle
An endoscope for examining the cerebral ventricles and for cauterizing the choroid plexus
Insertion of a needle into a ventricle
Medull/o Medulla oblongata (also spinal cord)
Medulla/ry مغز به مربوطمیانی
Pertaining to the medulla
Psych/o Mind
Psycho/genic منشا دارایروانی
Medico/psycho/logy روان
پزشکی Psycho/genesis های بیماری
روان ساخته
Psychi/atric روانی
Psycho/somat/ic روحی جسمی
Originiating in the mind
Psychology in its relation to medicine
Production of a symptom or illness by psychic
Pertaining to or within the purview of psychiatry
Pertaining to mind-body relationship
Narc/o Stupor,unconsciousness
Narco/sis و کرختی حالتداروی ی وسیله به گیجی
مسکن و مخدر
Electro/narco/sis بیهوشیی وسیله به خواب حالت یاهای الکترود که رقی جریانگذاده شقیقه روی آنبرای روش این میشودبکار اسکیزوفرنی درمانمیرود
State of stupor it used by drugs
Production of insensibility to pain by the use of electral current
Somn/o,i Sleep
Somno/lense خوابی کم In/somn/ia خوابی بی Hyper/somn/ia خوابی زیاده Somni/facient آور خواب Dys/somnia در اختالل خواب
Sleepyness
Inability to sleep
A condition in which sleep periods are excessively long
Causing sleep
Disturbance of normal sleep or rhythm pattern
Term Term Analysis Definition
Cerebrovascular
-ar=pertaining toVascul/o=vessleCerebr/o=brain
مغزی عروق
Cerebrospinal fluid
-al=pertaining toSpin/o=spinal cordCerebr/o=brainFluid= a liquid that can flow
نخاعی مغزی مایع
Term Term Analysis Definition
encephalitis -itis=inflammationEncephal/o=brain
مغز التهاب
encephalopathy
Pathy=diease مغزی بیماری
Hydrocephalus
cephal=cerebral us=condition hydro=water
عادی غیر ازدییادمغزی مایع
Term Term Analysis Definition
Meningitis Itis=inflammation mening
های پرده تورم مغز
poliomyelitis Poli=gray matter myel=myelin it is= inflammaition
فلج بیماریاطفال
Neuromuscular
Neur/o=nerve muscle ar=pertaining to
عضالنی عصبی
Term Term Analysis Definition
Neurology Neur/o=nerve logy=study
شناسی عصب
Anesthesia An=no esthesia=sensation ia=conditin
بیهوشی
parasthesia Para=beside esthesia=sensation
موضعی حسی بی
Term Term analysis Definition
Aphasia A =non phasia=speech
تکلم قدرت عدم
dysphasia Dys=dis phasia=speech
سخن در دشواری
Hemiplegia Hemi=half plegia
بدن نییمه فلج
Term Term Analysis Definition
paraplegia Para= beside plegia=paralysis
بدن نیمه فلج
Tetraplegia Tetra=four plegia=paralysis
اندام چهار فلچ
dementia De=lack of ment=mind ia=condition
جنون،دیوانگی
Suffix Meaning Example Definition of the example
-phasia Speech heterophasiaUtering words that are
different from those intended
-lalia Speech,babble Coprolalia Compulsive use of obscene words
-lexia Reading Bradylexia Slowness in reading
-plegia Paralysis Tetraplegia Paralysis of all four limbs
-paresis Partial paralysis,weakness Hemiparesis Partial paralysis of one
side of the body
-lepsy Seizure Narcolepsy Condition marked by sudden episodes of sleep
-phobia Persistant,irrational fear Agoraphobia Fear of being in a
public place
Cancers of the CNS Primary brain tumors
Benign or malignant Most pediatric brain tumors are primary Examples are astrocytoma, glioblastoma
Secondary brain tumors Metastases from other sites Most common tumors of the brain
Alzheimer’s Disease
Etiology: unknownS/S: previous section, end-stage is complete inattention to selfDiagnosis of exclusionTreatment: some meds slow progression, supportive care of patient and family
Parkinson’s Disease
Movement disorder characterized by muscle rigidity & tremorsUsually males over 65 YOAEtiology: unknown, related to dopamine deficiency in brain
Parkinson’s Disease
S/S: bradykinesia, involuntary tremors, muscular rigidityTreatment: dopamine replacement meds, PT, supportive
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Chronic, progressive, demyelinating autoimmune disorder
Makes antibodies to myelinFemales (2:1)Occurs during adult years, not geriatricAbout 25,000 new cases/yr in US
MS
S/S: variable, may last hours to weeksClassically: eye symptoms, paresthesias, paralysis, mood swings, balance problems, often sudden onset with relapsesTreatment: beta-interferon products, corticosteroids, glatiramen acetate (synthetic myelin protein)Usual cause of death is due to chronic disability issues
Hemiplegia
Etiology: most frequently strokeAlso intracranial tumor or hemorrhage
Other S/S: weakness of half of the face, aphasia, agnosia, apraxia, agraphia, alexia, etc.
Paraplegia & Quadriplegia
Etiology: most commonly spinal cord injuries due to traumaOther S/S: loss of bowel & bladder control, sexual dysfunction
S/S of quadriplegia also include:Low blood pressure and pulseVariable loss of respiratory control
CNS Infections
Acute Bacterial MeningitisAcute inflammation & infection of the CSF & the meningesEtiology: bacterial, viral, or fungal
Source may be spread from blood or nasopharynxMost severe type = bacterial
Most common bacteria involved are Strep pneumoniae & Neisseria meningitidis
Meninges
DuraOutermost layerThick, fibrous
ArachnoidThin, filmy like a spiderweb
PiaThin, vascular layer of loose connective tissue, inseparable from the outer brain surface
Headaches
Any pain occurring in the headAcute or chronicNumerous etiologiesVery common condition
May be a symptom of other diseasesInfections, neoplasms, inflammatory diseases, etc.
Headaches
Due to irritation, inflammation of any pain-sensitive structureBrain itself is not a source of headacheDiagnostic procedures and testing:
Physical exam (PE), CT scan, LP (lumbar puncture or spinal tap), EEG, routine x-rays, MRA, MRI and more
Migraine Headache
Recurrent, usually severe headache of vascular originMore common in females (3 to 1)
Family history in 70-80%Onset common in adolescence or early adulthood
80% have first migraine by 30YOAUsually become less frequent with age
Migraine Headache
10-20% US population have migraines2nd most common cause of HA in US
Muscle tension HA is #1S/S:
Intense throbbing headache, uni-or bilateralNausea, vomiting, dizziness, tinnitusVisual disturbancesWith or without aura (classical vs. common)Duration from 4-72 hours
Migraine Headache
Etiology:Vasoactive chemicals (peptides) in brain (serotonin and dopamine)Stimulate inflammatory cascadeThis causes vasodilationSerotonin appears to be most important factor
Hemiplegia
Etiology: most frequently strokeAlso intracranial tumor or hemorrhage
Other S/S: weakness of half of the face, aphasia, agnosia, apraxia, agraphia, alexia, etc.
Paraplegia & Quadriplegia
Etiology: most commonly spinal cord injuries due to traumaOther S/S: loss of bowel & bladder control, sexual dysfunction
S/S of quadriplegia also include:Low blood pressure and pulseVariable loss of respiratory control
CNS Infections
Acute Bacterial MeningitisAcute inflammation & infection of the CSF & the meningesEtiology: bacterial, viral, or fungal
Source may be spread from blood or nasopharynxMost severe type = bacterial
Most common bacteria involved are Strep pneumoniae & Neisseria meningitidis