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8/7/2019 Networkin MIS

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Computer NetworksOverview of data communications

and networking

Presented by:

Mayank Anand

Nilotpala Singh


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Introduction to Networking

A computer network, often simply referred to

as a network, is a collection of computers and

devices interconnected by communications

channels that facilitate communications

among users and allows users to share

resources.


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Hardware Involved

Network interface card


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Hardware Involved


Repeater


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Hardware Involved


Repeater

Bridge


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Hardware Involved


Repeater

Bridge Switch


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Hardware Involved


Repeater

Bridge Switch

Modem


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Hardware Involved


Repeater

Bridge Switch

Modem

Router


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Hardware Involved


Repeater

Bridge

Switch

Modem

Router

Firewall


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TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Metal sheathInnerconductor

Insulating outer conductor

Coaxialcable

Twisted-paircable

Inner cladding(glass)Inner fibre

(glass)

Outer cladding(PVC)

Fibreoptic

cable


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File Transfer, Email, Remote Login

ASCII Text, Sound (syntax layer)

Establish/manage connection

End-to-end control & error checking

(ensure complete data transfer): TCP

Routing and Logical Addressing: IP

Twoparty communicationion: Ethernet

How to transmit signal;coding

Hardware means of sending and

receiving data on a carrier

THE OSI REFERENCE MODEL


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Simplex

communications

Half-duplex (HDX)

communications

Full-duplex (FDX)

communications

or

Modes of Communication


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Network Classification

Connection Method

Wired technologies

Wireless technologies Radio Wave, Microwave frequency

Scale

LAN

WAN

MAN


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Network Topology

BUS

STAR

RING

MESH

Network Classification


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POINTTO POINT CONNECTION

LAN CABLE

Hardware required:

Two computers with

network interface

card (Ethernet card or

Wi-Fi adapter).

LAN cable in case of

wired connection. Assigning IP Address

for the network and

workstations.


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The Internet and Addressing

IP address-

IP V4- 32 bit

IP V6- 128 bit

MAC (media access control) Address- 48 bit


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IP ADDRESS

Class A- 1st bit 0

Class B- first two bits are 1 and 0

Class C- first three bits are 1,1, and 0

Network ID 1st valid IP Last valid IP Broadcast IP

1.0.0.0 1.0.0.1 1.255.255.254 1.255.255.255


128.0.0.0 128.0.0.1 128.0.0.254 128.0.0.255


192.0.0.0 192.0.0.1 192.0.0.254 192.0.0.255


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Addressing Solutions

Two protocols have been developed to solvethese problems

DHCP automatic network configuration(including IP address)

DN

S translates textual based names into IPaddresses and vice versa


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DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol


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DHCP

Allows client machines to receive an IPaddress, DNS information, etc automatically

Before DHCP came into use, users had to typein all this information by hand, which is bad:

Easy to mistype something when entering by hand

Manually changing network configuration everytime you move your laptop is a pain


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DHCP: Big Picture


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Firewall

A set of related programs that protects the

resources of a private network from users

from other networks.

Filters data inflow to the network or machine

Options available

Commercial Firewall Devices (Watchguard, Cisco

PIX)

Software Packages (ZoneAlarm, Black Ice)


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