network access and transmission methods
DESCRIPTION
Network Access and Transmission Methods. Chapter 10. Objectives. In this chapter, you will learn to: Recognize simple and complex physical topologies used in data networks Describe Ethernet and the CSMA/CD network access method Understand the different types of Ethernet access methods - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Network Access and Transmission Methods
Chapter 10
![Page 2: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn to:
Recognize simple and complex physical topologies used in data networks
Describe Ethernet and the CSMA/CD network access method
Understand the different types of Ethernet access methods Describe the techniques used in the Token Ring, ATM,
and FDDI network access methods Identify the main characteristics of network transmission
methods, such as X.25, Frame Relay, T-Carriers, ISDN, DSL, cable, and SONET
![Page 3: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bus
![Page 4: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ring
![Page 5: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Star
![Page 6: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Hybrid Physical Topologies
![Page 7: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Hybrid Physical Topologies
![Page 8: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mesh Topologies
![Page 9: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mesh Topologies
![Page 10: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Network Access Methods
![Page 11: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ethernet
A network access method originally developed by Xerox in the 1970s and later improved by Xerox, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), and Intel.
Can run on a variety of network media, including both wireline and wireless channels
Uses packet switching
![Page 12: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ethernet
Baseband - a transmission form in which digital signals are sent through direct current (DC) pulses applied to the wire.
Multiple Access - refers to the fact that Ethernet nodes can be connected to a network and can monitor and issue traffic.
CSMA/CD - Rules for communication used by shared Ethernet networks.
![Page 13: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ethernet
![Page 14: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ethernet
Ethernet Frames - each frame contains a 14-byte header and a 4-byte frame check sequence (FCS) field.
10BaseT - a physical layer standard for networks that use baseband transmission and twisted pair media and can achieve 10 Mbps throughput.
![Page 15: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ethernet
![Page 16: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ethernet
![Page 17: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ethernet
10BaseF - a physical layer standard for networks that use baseband transmission.
100BaseT - uses baseband transmission and multimode fiber cabling and can achieve 100 Mbps throughput.
100BaseF - specifies a network capable of 100 Mbps throughput that uses baseband transmission and fiber optic cabling.
Switched Ethernet - enables multiple nodes to simultaneously transmit and receive data over different network segments.
![Page 18: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ethernet
![Page 19: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Token Ring
Transmits at either 4, 16, or 100 Mbps over STP or UTP.
Uses the token-passing routine and a star-ring hybrid physical topology.
High Speed Token Ring (HSTR) - can use either twisted pair or fiber cable as its transmission medium.
![Page 20: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
FDDI
A network access method whose standard was originally specified by ANSI in the mid-1980s and later refined by ISO.
Uses a double ring of multimode or single mode fiber to transmit data speeds of up to 100 Mbps.
![Page 21: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FDDI
![Page 22: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) - a standard that describes both a network access method and a multiplexing technique.
Cells - consist of 48 bytes of data plus a five-byte header for a 53-byte packet.
Virtual circuits - logical connections between network nodes.
![Page 23: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ATM
Quality of Service (QoS) - a standard that specifies that data will be delivered within a certain time period after its transmission.
Compatibility - ATM cells can support multiple types of higher-layer protocols, including TCP/IP and IPX/SPX.
![Page 24: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Network Transmission Methods
X.25 and Frame Relay - a set of protocols designed for long-distance data transmission and standardized by the ITU in the mid-1970s.
Frame Relay - an updated, digital version of X.25 that also relies on packet switching. It does not guarantee the delivery of data.
![Page 25: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Network Transmission Methods
![Page 26: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ISDN
An international standard, established by the ITU for transmitting data over digital lines.
All ISDN connections are based on two types of channels: B Channels: employ circuit-switching techniques to carry
voice, video and other types of data over the ISDN connection.
D Channels: employ packet switching techniques to carry information about the call, such as session initiation and termination signals, caller identity, call forwarding, and conference calling signals.
![Page 27: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Basic Rate Interface
![Page 28: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Primary Rate Interface
![Page 29: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
T-Carrier Services
The general name for a group of transmission methods that includes T1s, fractional T1s, and T3s.
T-carriers are examples of dedicated leased lines.
They are also private lines.
![Page 30: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Types of T-Carriers
Signal level - the T-carrier’s Physical layer electrical signaling characteristics as defined by ANSI standards in the early 1980s.
T1 Circuit - can carry the equivalent of 672 voice or data channels, giving a maximum data throughput of 44.736 Mbps.
![Page 31: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Types of T-Carriers
![Page 32: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
T-Carrier Connectivity
Transmission Media - T1 technology can use unshielded or shielded twisted-pair copper wiring.
CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) - the connection point for a T-carrier line at the customer’s site.
• CSU: provides termination monitoring.
• DSU: converts the digital signals used by bridges, routers and multiplexers into the digital signal sent via the cabling.
![Page 33: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
T-Carrier Connectivity
![Page 34: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Multiplexers
![Page 35: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Multiplexers
![Page 36: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
DACS
![Page 37: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
DSL
Uses advanced data modulation techniques to achieve extraordinary throughput over regular phone lines.
Downstream - data traveling from the telecommunications carrier’s end office.
Upstream - data traveling from the customer to the carrier’s end office.
Types of DSL Asymmetrical: downstream throughput is usually
much higher than upstream throughput. Symmetrical - provides equal capacity for data
traveling both upstream and downstream.
![Page 38: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
DSL
![Page 39: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DSL Connectivity
![Page 40: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
DSL Connectivity
![Page 41: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cable Modem Technology
![Page 42: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SONET and SDH
![Page 43: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
SONET and SDH
![Page 44: Network Access and Transmission Methods](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814d07550346895dba3890/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Summary
Three simple physical topologies exist: bus, star, and ring.
Ethernet is a network access method that uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) to determine how multiple nodes share a single channel.
Token Ring is a network access method originally designed by IBM and now specified by IEEE in its 802.5 project.
Digital subscriber line (DSL) is a transmission method that uses advanced data modulation techniques to achieve extraordinary throughput over regular phone lines. It comes in several different varieties.