nervous & endocrine systems - moore public schools...nervous system central nervous system (cns)...
TRANSCRIPT
Nervous & Endocrine
Systems
Unit 3 –
Modified PowerPoint from: Aneeq Ahmad -- Henderson State University. Worth Publishers © 2007
Goals for today
●Describe the nervous system and its
subdivisions and functions:
— central and peripheral nervous
systems
●Discuss the effect of the endocrine
system on behavior.
Nervous System
Central
Nervous
System
(CNS)
Peripheral
Nervous
System
(PNS)
Contains the
brain & the
spinal cord
In the “center”
of the body
The sensory
and motor
neurons that
connect the
CNS to the
rest of the
body.
Consists of all the nerve cells.
It is the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The neural center of the
body – our body’s control
center
Super highway of nerves –
means of transmitting
messages between the brain
and the body
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System: controls voluntary
movements and communication to and from the
sense organs – you control these items, they don’t
“just happen”
Autonomic Nervous System: controls involuntary
functions or items that happen automatically within
our body – breathing, heartbeat, digestion, etc.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sympathetic Nervous System: division of
the ANS that arouses the body, preparing
it to act/react in stressful situations and
expend energy
Parasympathetic Nervous System:
division of the ANS that calms the body,
conserving its energy & helping keep a
constant internal state
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sympathetic NS
“Arouses”
(fight-or-flight)
Parasympathetic NS
“Calms”
(rest and digest)
Kinds of Neurons
Sensory neurons (afferent) carry
incoming information from the sense
receptors to the CNS.
Interneurons act as messengers between
the two neurons & exist entirely within the
CNS…
Motor Neurons (efferent) carry outgoing
information from the CNS to muscles and
glands.
Sensory Neuron
(Bipolar)
Interneuron Neuron
(Unipolar)
Motor Neuron
(Multipolar)
How the 3
types of
neurons
communicate
The Endocrine SystemThe body’s “slow”
chemical communication
system.
Under “normal”
circumstances works in
parallel with the
parasympathetic NS to
sustain our basic
processes.
In a crisis works to
support the actions of the
sympathetic NS.
Example...While walking down the street, a man pulls
a gun on you…
the hormone epinephrine (adrenalin)
released into the bloodstream, sustaining
the body’s defensive reaction (“fight or
flight” response)
the endocrine system finishes what your
sympathetic NS started, keeping your
heart pounding and muscles tense, ready
for action
HormonesHormones are chemicals synthesized by the various
endocrine glands and secreted in the bloodstream…have
similar structure/function as many neurotransmitters
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN…
Hormones Neurotransmitters
Speed of transmission Slow (minutes) Fast (seconds)
Length of influence Last longer (wks) Brief duration
Method of transmission Bloodstream Neurons
*they are the same thing, just manufactured and located in different parts of the body
Neurotransmitters- made in neurons, in the nervous system
Hormones- made by gland, in the body and bloodstream
Pituitary Gland
“master gland”
Attempts to keep all endocrine
responses under tight control
Pituitary gland is under the
control of the
hypothalamus…sends out
hormone signals to the other
endocrine glands
Thyroid & Parathyroid Glands
Regulate metabolic, physical growth and development
and calcium rate.
Adrenal Glands & Pancreas
Adrenal glands regulate
“fight or flight” response &
metabolism. Pancreas
regulates level of sugar
(glucose) in the blood.
Gonads
Regulate bodily development (secondary sex
characteristics) and maintain reproductive organs
in adults (produce sperm/eggs).
produces
testosterone
produces
estrogen &
progesterone