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NATURAL DISASTERS

MADE BY:-Name: Siddharth Bihani

Class: X-BRoll no.: 37

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Index Worst Disasters of 2015 Nepal Earthquake About the Earthquake Causes of the Earthquake Impact of the Earthquake on the Country’s Economy Causalities Impact of the Earthquake on Heritage Sites Most Vulnerable Groups (Women, Aged and Children) Disaster Mitigation Response in Nepal Do’s and Don’ts during an Earthquake Role of citizens in handling the aftermath Contingency Plan My Role in the Contingency Plan

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Worst disasters of 2015

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Worst disasters of 2015

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5Nepal EarthquakeNature NaturalDate 25 April 2015Origin time 11:56:26 NSTMagnitude 7.8 MwHypocenter 8.2 KmEpicenter Gorkha District

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About the Earthquake On April 2015, a 7.8 magnitude

earthquake left more than 8,000 people dead in Nepal.

The Earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest that killed 19 members.

About three weeks later, a 7.3 magnitude earthquake rocked Nepal again, killing dozens more people, injuring hundreds and terrifying the country’s citizens just as they were trying to rebuild from the first disaster.

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Causes of the Earthquake This earthquake occurred as the result of thrust faulting

between the sub ducting Indian Plate and the overriding Eurasian Plate to the north.

At the location of this earthquake the Indian Plate is converging with Eurasia at a rate of 45 mm/yr towards the north-northeast, driving the uplift of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.

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Impact of the Earthquake on the Country’s Economy

Impact on GDP growth- The earthquake lowered GDP growth by over 1.5 percentage points from an estimate of 4.6% in a no earthquake scenario in fiscal year 2015.

Adverse effect on Services Sector- Wholesale and retail trade, Tourism(including air transport, and hotel and restaurant businesses), and education sub-sectors were the most affected.

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Impact of the Earthquake on the Country’s Economy

Impact on Per Capita Income, poverty-› The income shock from the earthquake pushed an

additional 700,000-982,000 people below the poverty line.› The income shock felt through the loss of income-

generating opportunities and livelihoods including death and injuries to primary wage earners and the loss of housing, productive assets such as assorted household items.

› Multidimensional poverty due to affected water and sanitation services, disruption of schools and health services, damaged local infrastructure such as roads, bridges, health posts, and schools for access to labor and commodity markets, and for accumulation of human capital (especially those of children).

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Causalities Nepal- The earthquake killed more than 8,800 in

Nepal and injured nearly three times as many. The rural death toll may have been minimized by the fact that most villagers were outdoors working when the quake hit.

India- A total of 78 deaths were reported in India - including 58 in Bihar, 16 in Uttar Pradesh, 3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan.

China- 27 dead and 4 missing, all from the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Bangladesh- 4 dead. Avalanches on Mount Everest- This earthquake

caused avalanches on Mount Everest. At least 19 died, with at least 120 others injured or missing.[90]

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Impact of the Earthquake on Heritage Sites

Several of the churches in the Kathmandu valley were destroyed. As Saturday is the principal day of Christian worship in Nepal, 500 people were reported to have died in the collapses.

Several temples on Kathmandu Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, collapsed, as did the Dharahara tower, built in 1832; the collapse of the latter structure killed atleast 180 people,  Manakamana Temple in Gorkha, previously damaged in an earlier quake, tilted several inches further. The northern side of Janaki Mandir in Janakpur was reported to have been, damaged. Several temples, including Kasthamandap, Panchtale temple, the top levels of the nine-story Basantapur Durbar, the Dasa Avtar temple and two dewals located behind the Shiva Parvati temple were demolished by the quake.

Some other monuments including the Taleju Bhawani Temple partially collapsed.

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Impact of the Earthquake on Heritage Sites

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Most Vulnerable Groups(Women, Aged and Children)

Nearly 1 million children living in areas severely affected by the earthquake and tremors in Nepal.

Both women and babies were most susceptible to injuries. The harsh living conditions that follow a disaster like this, with unsafe food and insecure and temporary shelters, affect them disproportionately, especially young children under-five.

Many aged people are left alone to survive as their family and houses have been destroyed in the disaster.

After the April earthquake, it was reported that more Nepali women and girls were being trafficked in promise of good jobs to the Middle East.

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Disaster Mitigation Response in Nepal

Planned Responses: Phase I: Emergency Relief - First month after earthquake - Food Kits: Ration for 15 days-

1,000 families x Rs. 11,000/- = 1.10 cores;

- Non Food Kits: 1,000 families x Rs. 5,000/- = 50 lakhs;

- Temporary shelter: Tarpaulin for 1,000 families x 1,000/- = 10 lakhs.

- Where people can repair their house before monsoon, 500 houses x Rs. 10,000 =50 lakhs

-Walter filters - 25 lakhs -Medical camps, health care programs - 50 lakhs

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Disaster Mitigation Response in Nepal

Phase II: Early Recovery - 3 months to tide over monsoon and recovery

- Repair of Shelter: Through cash for work of Rs. 10,000/- x 600 families = 60 lakhs;

- Or livelihood options of their choice and availability Rs. 10,000/- x 400 families = 40 lakhs;

- This ensures occupation, income, engagement and hence healing;

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Disaster Mitigation Response in Nepal

Phase III: Rehabilitation- after 3 months - Food kits: in select cases - Non Food Kits: kitchen, household - Shelter: Through cash for work of Rs. 2 lakhs - x 200

families = 4 cores. - Livelihood options of their choice and availability Rs. 2

lakhs - x 200 families = 4 cores.

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Do’s and don’ts during earthquake

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Role of citizen in handling the aftermath

Donate money, not stuff. Sending relief packages to disaster areas results in piles of boxes that are impossible to sort through, and usually don’t contain what they actually need. Do your research for which aid organizations suit your needs: Doctors Without Borders and the International Red Cross both have appeals to donate directly to Nepal relief.

Volunteer your time mapping the disaster areas. Good maps are essential to disaster response, particularly for dealing with how to get around after road damage.

Be careful to spread good information. 

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Responding to disaster Humanitarian response: meet people’s basic needs just

after a disaster. Development: rebuild following a disaster. Building resilience: support people to protect

themselves against disasters. Campaigning: persuade governments to do more to

support poor people at risk from disasters.

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Contingency Plan

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My Role in the Contingency Plan:

• Inform the authorities when disaster strikes• Gather the people, try to keep them calm and start

shifting them to safer places• Council people and prevent the spread of rumors• Give special attention to children, women and elderly• Help the medical staff to provide relief to the patients,

and report any diseases in the post-disaster period• Report to police in case there is a tendency for any

disruption of law and order• Help the local authorities in the distribution of relief

material