1

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Patron

Dr. K.S Dasgupta, Director, IIST

Advisory Committee

Dr. Thomas Kurian, Dean (R&D)

Dr. A. Chandrashekar, Dean (Academics)

Dr. K. N. Ninan, Visiting Professor

Conference Coordinator

Prof. Kuruvilla Joseph,

Dean (Student Activities) & Head, Department of Chemistry

Finance/ Printing/ Purchase Committee

Dr. Nirmala R James (Chair person)

Ms. Aswathi R (Convener)

Dr. J Mary Gladis

Mr. C Sreekumaran Nair

Mrs. Reny Thomas

Mr. Subhash Chandran M B

Mrs. Bindya K R

Mr. Raneesh Konnola

Mr. Joby V Thomas

Mrs. Remyamol T

2

Web & Registration / Invitation Committee

Dr. Sandhya K Y (Chair person)

Ms. Reshma C (Convener)

Dr. Jobin Cyriac

Dr. Gomathy N

Mr. Mohan Sukumar

Dr. Vidya Raj

Mr. Narasimman R

Mr. Raghavendra Kumar Mishra

Ms. Meegle S Mathew

Ms. Kavitha M K

Ms. Jalaja K

Programme Committee/ Technical Committee

Dr. Honey John (Chair person)

Mr. Manjunatha Ganiga (Convener)

Dr. Sreejalekshmi K G

Dr. Mahesh S

Mr. Anandakumar K

Mr. C Sreekumaran Nair

Mr. Rakesh R

Mr. Nalluri Abhishek

Mr. Anirban

Mr. Noufal M C

Ms. Devi Renuka

Ms. Sarah Titus

Ms. Sarika P R

3

Food/ Transport/ Accommodation Committee

Dr. K Prabhakaran (Chair person)

Mr. Sujith Vijayan (Convener)

Dr. Mahesh S

Mr. P Mohanan Nair

Mr. K R Mohanan Nair

Mr. Bipin P Varghese

Mr. Vinod Kaimal

Mr. M Mukthar Ali

Ms. Lekshmi C L

Ms. Lavanya J

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National Conference on Materials Science and Technology - 2014 (NCMST-14)

28-30 July 2014, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

DAY 1 July 28, 2014

8.00-09.15am Registration

9.15-10.00am Inaugural Function

Session 1:

10.00-11.15am Key Note Lecture Prof. Pulickel M Ajayan, Rice University, USA

11:15-11:45am High Tea

Session 2:

11:45-12:45pm PL-1 Prof. T Pradeep , IITM, Chennai

Lunch Break

Session 3:

2:00-2:45pm PL-2 Dr. Shantikumar Nair, Amrita University,

Coimbatore

2:45-3:00pm CL-1 Lakshmi V Nair, SCTIMST, Trivandrum

3:00-3:15pm CL-2 Sarah Titus, IIST, Trivandrum

3:15-3:30pm CL-3 Sheeba Alexander, University of Kerala,

Trivandrum

3:30-4:00pm Tea break

Session 4:

4:00-4:30pm IL-1 Dr. Nirmala Rachel James, IIST, Trivandrum

4:30-5:30pm Poster Session 1

5:30-6:30pm Demonstration of Softwares/Analytical Instruments

DAY 2 July 29, 2014

Session 5:

09:15-10:00am PL-3 Dr. Ashish Lele, CSIR-NCL, Pune

10:00-10:15am CL-4 U.Chinna Rajesh, University of Delhi

10.15-10.30am CL-5 Monisha Baby, VSSC, Trivandrum

10:30-10:45am CL-6 P Bahavan Palani, University College of

Engineering, Dindigul

10:45-11:00am CL-7 Narasimman Rajaram, IIST, Trivandrum

5

11:00-11:30am Tea Break

Session 6:

11:30-12:15am PL-4 Prof. Joby Joseph, IIT Delhi

12:15-12:30pm CL-8 M.K.Kavitha, IIST, Trivandrum

12:30-12:45pm CL-9 Gopi Krishna Phani, ,

Bangalore

Lunch Break

Session 7:

2:00-2:45pm PL-5 Prof. Rani Joseph, CUSAT, Cochin

2:45-3:00pm CL-10 Raneesh Konnola, IIST, Trivandrum

3:00-3:15pm CL-11 Darshna Potphode, NMRL,DRDO, Ambernath

3:15-3:30pm CL-12 Nibisha M.P, Sacred Heart College,Thevara

Tea Break

4:00-4:15pm CL-13 Deeksha Porwal, ISAC/ISRO, Bangalore

4:15-4:30pm CL-14 Asha Liza James, IITG, Gandhinagar

4:30-5:30pm Poster session 2

5:30-6:30pm Demonstration of Softwares/Analytical Instruments

DAY 3 July 30, 2014

Session 8:

09:15-9.45am IL-2 Dr. P.Chakravarthy, IIST, Trivandrum

9.45-10.30am PL-6 Dr. Vijayamohanan K Pillai, CSIR, CECRI,

Karaikudi

10.30-10.45am CL-15 A.J.Mejo, CMET, Thrissur

10:45-11:00am CL-16 Indu Elizabeth, NPL, New Delhi

11:00-11:30am Tea Break

Session 9:

11:30-12:15pm PL-7 Prof. S Sampath, IISc, Bangalore

12:15-12:30pm CL-17 Krishna Enni, IISU/ISRO, Trivandrum

12:30-12:45pm CL-18 Renjith S, NIIST, Trivandrum

Lunch Break

Session 10:

2:00 - 2:45 pm PL-8 Dr. Suresh Das, Director, NIIST, Trivandrum

2:45 – 3:00pm Tea break

3:00 – 3:40 pm VALEDICTORY FUNCTION

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INDEX

Keynote Lecture

NanoEngineering: Challenges and Opportunities 21

Prof. Pulickel M. Ajayan

Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA

Plenary Lectures

PL 01 Mass spectrometry and materials science 22

Prof. T Pradeep , IITM, Chennai

PL 02 Plenary Lecture

Dr. Shantikumar Nair, Amrita University, Coimbatore

PL 03 From Macromolecular Structure to Polymer Processing: A case

study of extrusion film casting process

23

Dr. Ashish Lele, CSIR-NCL, Pune

PL 04 Light Sculptured Photonic Materials: Fabrication and

Applications

24

Prof. Joby Joseph, IIT Delhi

PL 05 Novel composites based on EPDM and EPDM/FKM rubber

blends: EMI shielding applications

25

Prof. Rani Joseph, CUSAT, Cochin

PL 06 Materials Related Challenges and Opportunities in

Electrochemical Energy Generation and Storage

26

Dr. Vijayamohanan K Pillai, CSIR, CECRI, Karaikudi

7

PL 07 Nanostructured Materials: Electrocatalysts and Surface

Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates

28

Prof. S Sampath, IISc, Bangalore

PL 08 Photoresponsive Materials 29

Dr. Suresh Das, NIIST, Trivandrum

Invited Lectures

IL01 Electrospinning: A Fascinating Fiber Fabrication Technology

and Its Biomedical Applications

33

Dr. Nirmala Rachel James, IIST, Trivandrum

IL02 Welding of Maraging Steels and their Properties 35

Dr. P.Chakravarthy, IIST, Trivandrum

Contributory Lectures

CL01

Quantum dot Functionalized Singlewall Carbon Nanotube for

Cancer Cell Imaging and Targetted Photothermal Therapy

39

Lakshmi V Nair, R S Jayasree

CL02 Structure-based Design of 4-benzylidenehydrazonothiazoles as

Selective ATP Competitive Aurora Inhibitors

40

Sarah T, Sreejalekshmi K G

CL03 Design and Fabrication of a Novel Potentiometric Sensor Using

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Based Molecular Imprinted Polymer

for the Trace Level Detection of Hemoglobin in Real Samples

41

Sheeba Alexander, T S Anirudhan

CL04 Functionalized Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as an

Efficient Quasi-homogeneous Catalyst for Multi-component

Reactions

42

U Chinna Rajesh, Diwan S Rawat

8

CL05 Synthesis, Characterization of 4,4′-Dihydroxy Benzopheneone

Based Novolac Epoxy: Thermal and Interface Property Evaluation

with DGEBA and 1-Cyanoguanidine

43

Monisha Baby, Ranajit Pal, Nimmifrancis, Supriya N,Surajs

CL06 Structural, Thermal and Transport Properties of Polymer Blend

Composite Membranes for Fuel cell Applications

44

P Bahavan Palani, K Sainul Abidin, R Kannan, S Rajashabala, G.Velraj,

M.Sivakumar

CL07 High Specific Strength Carbon Foams Derived from Sucrose and

Milled Carbon Fiber

45

R Narasimman, SujithVijayan, K Prabhakaran

CL08 Visible light photoconductivity in ZnO and ZnO-graphene hybrids 46

M K Kavitha, PramodGopinath, Honey John

CL09 High-throughput Quantum Chemistry Calculations and Virtual

Screening for Organic Semiconductor Solutions

47

G K Phani Dathar, M D Halls, D J Giesen, S Kwak, A Goldberg, T Hugles, X Cao, J Gavartin

CL10 Chemically Modified Carbon Nanofillers as a Novel Toughening

Agent for Epoxy Matrix

48

Raneesh Konnola, JinuJoji, Kuruvilla Joseph

CL11 Asymmetric Supercapacitor Devices Based on Dendritic Conducting

Polymer and Activated Carbon

48

Darshna Potphode, Sarada P Mishra, P Sivaraman, Manoranjan Patri

CL12 A Novel Approach to Prepare Alginate- k-carrageenan & Alginate-

Gelatin Hydrogel Beads for Controlled Drug Release.

49

Nibisha M P, Franklin J, Jinu George

CL13 Effect of rf Power on Thermo-optical Properties of Sputtered

Vanadium (V) Oxide Films

51

D Porwal, C M Esther, I N Reddy, Yougandar B, Sridhara N, D Rangappa, N P

Yadav, A K Sharma, A Dey

CL14 Chemical Exfoliation of Layered Borides: An Avenue to Synthesize

Boron-Based Nanosheets Analogous to Chemically Modified

Graphene Nanosheets

52

Asha Liza James, Kabeer Jasuja

9

CL15 Effect of Different Types of Separators on The Electrochemical

Characteristics of Graphene Supercapacitors

53

A J Mejo, S Suraj, M Divya, M N Muralidharan, A Seema

CL16 Development of MWCNTs/ SnO2 Nanocomposites with Increasing

Capacity as Free- standing Anode for High Capacity Li ion Batteries

53

Indu Elizabeth, Bhanu P Singh, S.Gopukumar, R B Mathur

CL17 Tailoring of Structural Adhesive by Nano-Fillers and Adaptation of

Birefringence Methodology to Envisage Cure Shrinkage Krishna Enni, Arun George, Badarinath,Paul Pandian S And Sam Dayala Dev D

54

CL18 Bio-based Ionic Liquid Crystalline Quaternary Ammonium Salts:

Properties and Applications

55

Renjith S, Talasila P Rao, Sudha J D

Posters

P 001 Influence of Additives on the Electrochemical Properties of Non-

Aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries 59

A.J Nagajothi, R Kannan

P 002 Graphene-based hybrid nanostructured electrodes for li-ion batteries 59

A. G. Ashish, P. Arunkumar, Som Sarang, S. Abhin, and M. M. Shaijumon

P 003 Understanding the Graphite Oxide Synthesis and Metal Organic

Frameworks (MOFs) for Supercapacitor Application 60

Debarati Roy Chowdhury

P 004 Influence of Al Co-Dopants on the Thermoluminescenec Spectra of

SrSO4: Eu Phosphor Matrix 61

Jayasudha. S, Resmi G Nair, Dr. K. Madhukumar,Dr.V.N. Praveen And T.S. Elias

P 005 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Forest/Carbon Fiber as

Electrode/Current Collector Integrated System for Supercapacitors 62

Jayesh Cherusseri, And Kamal K Kar

P 006 Polyaniline – MWNT Hybrids as High Performance Super

Capacitors 63

Jesna Louis , Remyamol T , Honey John

10

P 007 Study on the Dielectric Properties of Barium tetrakis (Maleate)

Dihydrate 64

Lekshmi P. Nair, Bijini B. R And Deepa M.B

P 008 Highly Porous and Thermally Stable Egg Shell Membranes as

Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries 65

M. Raja And A. Manuel Stephan

P 009 Fabrication and Characterization of Counter Electrodes based on

Polyaniline/Graphene Hybrids for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell

Applications

66

Nalluri Abhishek, Remyamol T, Honey John

P 010 Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline-reduced Graphene

Oxide Hybrid for Visible light photocurrent generation 66

Phani Kiran K., Remyamol T., Honey John

P 011 Effect of Co-activation on TL of CaSO4: Tm Phosphor 67 Resmi G Nair , Jayasudha. S, Dr. K. Madhukumar And T.S. Elias

P 012 Synthesis of Cobalt (II) Graphene Nano Composites Using

Microwave Synthesizer for Fuel Cell Applications 68

Richa Baronia, S. P. Singh , R.K. Seth, A. K. Srivastava, S. K. Singhal

P 013

Titania Aerogel-Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposites for Dye

Sensitized Solar Cells 69

S. Alwin, G. Sahaya Dennish Babu, X. Sahaya Shajan, K.G.K. Warrier

P 014 Studies on Structural, Catalytic and Electrical Properties of Alkaline

Earth Ferrites A2Fe2O5 (Ba, Ca and Sr) Having Brownmillerite

Structures

69

T. Vijayaraghavan, K. Kavitha, M.Bradha, Anuradha Ashok

P 015 X-ray Photoelectron spectra of LaCo 0.6Fe 0.4O3 perovskite by citrate

sol gel autocombustion method 70

U.Megha, K.Shijina, George Vargheseb

P 016 Max Phase Thermal Fluids Via A Facile Direct Exfoliation

Technique for Enhanced Heat Transfer Applications 71

K.V. Mahesh, V. Linsha, R. Rashada, And S. Ananthakumar

P 017 Self-healing Si-B-C Ceramics from Silicon/Boron Modified

Phenolic Resins for High Temperature Application 72

Ganesh Babu T, Renjith Devasia

11

P 018 Synthesis and Ceramic Conversion Studies of Si-Zr-C-N Ceramic

Precursors for Ultra High Temperature Applications

73

Sandhya G Nair, Subramania Siva, Sreejith K.J, Renjith Devasia

P 019 Preparation of macroporous alumina ceramics by freeze gelation of

hydrogenated vegetable oil-in-aqueous alumina slurry emulsions 74

Sujith Vijayan, R. Narasimman And K. Prabhakaran

P 020 Aqueous Tape Casting of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (ZrB2)

for Aerospace Applications 75

R Mahesh Babu, Anil Kumar, N M Gokhale, Dr. R S Hastak

P 021 Effect of Substrates on the Preparation of TiZrN Thin Films

Prepared by Mid Frequency Sputtering Technique 76

A. Kavitha, , R. Kannan And S. Loganathan

P 022 Fe2O3-TiO2-Hydroxyapatite Layer Coatings on 316-L SS

Orthopeadic Implants for Enhanced Bone Bonding Ability 76

Dr. Suja Mathai

P 023 Effect of Sb-Si addition on Morphology and Mechanical Properties

of Mg Alloys 77

Durgadas.M, G.Ramachandran, U.T.S Pillai

P 024 Influence of Loading Condition on Stress Intensity Factor

Determination of Threaded Bolt 79

S. Suresh Kumar, C.Chenna Kesavan, R. Gowtham Prabu

P 025 Finite Element Analysis for Design Analysis and Selection of Three

Aluminium Piston Alloys 80

Saravanan S, Gopakumar S, M Ravi

P 026 Fatigue Analysis of A319 Alloy for Connecting Rod 81 Shabeer.T.S, Santhoshkumar.S.V ,M.C.Shaji

P 027

Investigative study on Metallurgical properties of Drill bits used in

Oil Well Drilling

82

Alex Bernard P 028 Structural Study of Glass Forming Compositions in Binary CuXZr1-

X Alloy Using Molecular Dynamics 83

Anik Shrivastava, M M Khandpekar, D S Gowtam, V P Deshmukh

12

P 029 Investigations on the Densification Behaviour and Mircostructural

Features of Spray Granulated Lanthanum Phosphate Ceramics 84

M. Midhun, Firoz Khan, P. V. Shijina, K. V. Arun Kumar, S. Sankar, K. G. K. Warrier And U. S. Hareesh

P 030 Segmentation of corrosion alloys based on color and texture features 85

N.T.Nevaditha S. Gopalakrishnan, And C. V. Mythili

P 031 Formability and Spring Back Analysis on Friction Stir Welded

Blanks 88

Renju Mohan, Satheesh Kumar S, Dr. N R Rajesh

P 032 Novel Fluorescent Probe to Detect and Visualize Cholesterol

Deposit in Tissues 89

A. Shanti Krishna, C. Radhakumary And K. Sreenivasan

P 033 Cost-Effective Maskless Projection Photolithography System 90

Abin Varghese, Ananthu P.S, Gautam Mitra, Madhu Thalakulam

P 034 Nanodispersions Of ZnO: Preparation Characterization And

Stabilization 91

Anand K., Thomas Kurian, Siby Varghese

P 035 Electrochemical Properties of Reduced Graphene- Nickel Oxide 92

Anithakumary V ,K Sreevalsan & Mary Nancy TE

P 036 Conductivity Studies of Pr(OH)3 Nanorods 92

Babu K Thomas, , Jeethu Abraham, Lakshmi G Krishna, Gijo Jose

P 037 MoS2 Quantum Dots Interspersed Exfoliated MoS2 Nanosheets:

Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Studies

93

Deepesh Gopalakrishnan, Dijo Damien And M. M. Shaijumon

P 038 Synthesis of Super hydrophobic Nanofilm 94 Emmanuel Joseph

P 039 Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles from

Kunnangkadu Rice Husk Ash 95

J. Prema Kumari

P 040 Raman and Infra Red Studies of CuO Nanoparticles 96

Jiji Koshy, , Anoop Chandran, Soosen Samuel, Reenu Elizabeth Thomas, Manuja M And K C George

13

P 041

Electrochemical Method for Synthesis of Zinc Titanate Nano

Particles

96

K. S. Beenakumari

P 042 Preparing Low Cost Nano Porous Materials From Orange Fruit

Peel Wastes to Remove Textile Dye 97

M. Jaya Rajan, And G. Annadurai

P 043 CaAlO Nanoparticles For Plasma Display Applications 98 M.Freeda, G Suresh

P 044 Pure and Mn doped ZnS Nanorods using Facile chemical route 99 M.Priya Dharshini, V.Shally, Sr.Gerardin Jayam

P 045 Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano Alunina Using Chitosan as

Precursor 99

Manjusha Hariharan, Neethumol Varghese, Dr. A Benny Cherian

P 046 Effect of Peg on the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nano Titanium Dioxide 100

Neethumol Varghese , Manjusha Hariharan, Dr. A. Benny Cherian

P 047 Study of Structural Properties of Cerium Doped Nano Nickel Ferrite

Material 101

P.P. Muhammed Maheen, E.M.Mohammed

P 048 Preparation and Characterization of Potato Starch Nanocrystal

Reinforced Natural Rubber Latex Nanocomposites 101

K.R. Rajisha,Hanna.J.Maria L.A.Pothan, Zakiah Ahmad, And S. Thomas

P 049 Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of α-MnO2 Nanorods 102 Reenu Elizabeth John, Anoop Chandran, Marykutty Thomas, Jiji Koshy, Gijo Jose,

Ajay Jose, Manuja M And George K C

P 050 Effect of Nano Aluminum Titanate on the Electrical Properties of

Corn Starch-NH4SCN Polymer Electrolytes 103

S.Abarna, A.Vidhya, S.Jeya, S.Karthigaimala, B.Sundareasan, G.Hirankumar

P 051 Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticle Using Water Hyacinth Root

Extract and its Antimicrobial Activity 104

S.Begila David

P 052 Understanding Photoluminescence in Nanosheets Comprising

Chemically Modified Boron honeycomb lattice 105

Saroj Kumar Das And Kabeer Jasuja

14

P 053 Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Studies of Mn12 based

SMM 106

Shilpi Verma And Priti Singh

P 054 Organic Nanoparticles Composed of Fréchet-type Dendrons:

Synthesis, Characterization, Self-assembly and Reversible Guest

Encapsulation

107

Sreedevi Krishnakumar, Karical R. Gopidas

P 055 Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanocellulose from Arecanut

Fibres by Tempo-Oxidation and its Modification for Self Assembly 108

Sumesh Soman, Surya B. S., Prasad V. S.*

P 056 Effect of pH on the Structrual and Optical properties of SnO2

Nanoparticles 108

V.Shally, M.Priya Dharshini .Gerardin Jayam*

P 057 Synthesis and Characterization of Casein-G-Poly (Ethyl

Methacrylate) Nanoparticles 109

A. Sophia Sharone, A.Malar Retna

P 058 Synthesis of Ambient Curing, Strain Tolerant Epoxy Adhesive 110 Anitha S., Ranajit Pal*, Suchithra C.#, and Suraj S.

P 059 A Facile Method for Synthesis of Polystyrene-Clay Nanocomposites

with Self-Assembling Properties Using Adduct Modified Clay 111

Annu Raju, Lakshmi V, Asha Susan Chacko, T.P.D. Rajan , C.Pavithran and V.S

Prasad

P 060 Effect of Fatty Acids on Mechanical & Anti-Corrosive Properties of

Water Based Epoxy Ester Coatings 113

Ashish Pratap Singh, C.Suryanarayana, R.Baloji Naik, S.K.Singh and G.Gunasekaran

P 061 Finite Element Analysis of Carbon Nano tube Reinforced Composite

with Modified Beam Model 114

Brahmadathan V B, Remesh S

P 062 Ion Conduction Mechanism In Nano Composite Proton Conducting

Polymer Electrolyte 115

C. Ambika , G. Hirankumar

P 063 Conceptual Design of Collapsible Membrane Tank 116 Denny C D, Bindu Kumar K, R Manuel Sathya

15

P 064 Synthesis and Charecterisation Of Some Polyols Based on Cashew

Nut Shell Liquid 117

Y.Jasmala Joy , A.Malar Retna

P 065 pH-Sensitive Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymersomes for

the Intracellular Release of 5-Fluoro Uracil 118

Jeena Abraham, Beena Mathew

P 066 Covalent Polymer Functionalisation of Graphene oxide 118 Jinu Joji, Raneesh Konnola, Kuruvilla Joseph

P 067 Epoxy Alumina Particulate Composites - Effect of Particle Size and

Fillers Dispersing Additives on Thermal, Mechanical and Interface

Properties

119

Leena K., Sibin C. S., Chitra A., Suchitra C. Suraj S.

P 068 Spectral, Thermal, and Photoreactivity Studies on Epoxy

Resin Containing Benzylidene Units in the Main Chain 120

M.Natarajan, P.S. Balakrishnan And S.C. Murugavel *

P 069 Influence of Graphene on Polychloroprene Rubber Nanocomposites 121 Maya M.G*, Soney C. George*, Sabu Thomas

P 070 Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide/ Polystyrene Nanocomposite

as EMI Shielding Material 122

Mehatab Nabi S.,Hemanth Gupta T., Remyamol T., Honey John*

P 071 Complexation of Metal Ions With Oxygen Containing Copolymers -

Kinetic, Isothermal and Thermodynamic Properties 123

Mrudula M S, M R Gopinathan Nair

P 072 Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites based on Cardanol and Coir

Fibres 123

N. J. Sangeetha and A. Malar Retna

P 073 Therml and Mechanical Properties of Some Interpenetrating

Polymer Networks Synthesized from Vegetable Oils 124

N.T.Nevaditha *, S. Gopalakrishnan**, and C. V. Mythili

P 074 Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cellulose Based Drug

Delivery System for the Controlled Delivery of Aniti-Cancer Drug 125

Nima J, Divya P.L, Anirudhan T.S

16

P 075 Novel Polypyrrole Coated Fe-Doped Titania Polymerised with

Itaconic Acid for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics from

Waste Water

126

P.L.Divya, J. Nima, T. S. Anirudhan

P 076 Development of Composite Brake Pad For Automobiles by

Infiltration Casting 127

Rahul P.S., Ganesh M, T.P.D. Rajan

P 077 Quasi-static three point bending behaviour of aluminium foam

sandwich Beam 128

Darshal Kantilal Nahar, Rajeev Chaturvedi, Siddhartha Jain, A.Sekar

P 078 Ceramics Processed by Precursor Sol Infiltration Technique 129 Sanchita Baitalik , Omprakash Chakrabarti, Nijhuma Kayal

P 079 Analysis of composite material made of Ridge gourd fiber reinforced

with Corn Starch 130

Saran Kumar K, Karthick S

P 080 Correlation Between Structural and Optical Properties of Dy and Ce

Doped ZnNiO Nanocomposites 131

Shijina K, Megha U And George Varghese

P 081 Synergistic Effect of CNT and Nanoclay on the Properties of

Chlorobutyl Rubber Nanocomposites 132

Shilpa K., Rincy Sebastian, Saritha.A*

P 082 Effect of Coprecipitated Nickel Ferrite on the Mechanical and

Magnetic Properties of Natural Rubber-Ferrite Composites 133

Sithara T, Aiswarya A R, Sreedha Sambhudevan P 083 Synthesis And Characterisation of Epoxy Composites From

Vegetable Oils 134

T.J.Sasikala, A.Malar Retna

P 084 The Pervaporation Performance of PVA Nanocomposite Membranes 135 Thomasukutty Jose

P 085 Structural Characteristics and Magnetic Behaviour of Cobalt Ferrite

Filled Natural Rubber Nanocomposites 136

Vishnu Jith U R, Arya Anil, Tomlal Jose E

P 086 III-V Compound Materials Based Heterostructure Devices 137 T.D.Subash ,T.Gnanasekaran

17

P 087 Characterization of Water Proofed Silica Tiles by Confocal Raman

Imaging 138

Bhuvaneswari S, Nisha Balachandran, Sadhana R, Benny K George

P 088 Annealing Effect of Vanadium Oxide Films on Optical and

Structural Properties 139

C. M. Esther, D. Porwal, , I. N. Reddy, Yougandar B, Sridhara N, D. Rangappa, N. P.

Yadav, P. Bera, C. Anandan, A. K. Sharma, A. Dey

P 089 Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide Hybrid for CO2 Adsorption 141

Avinesh D., Remyamol T., Honey John

P 090 Functionalization of Nanoclays with Ionic Liquids 142

Eapen Thomas, Nisha Balachandran, Vijayalakshmi K.P., Sadhana R., Benny K.George

P 091 Dielectric and Magnetic Characterization of double perovskite

Ca2FeMoO6 synthesized in H2:Ar gas

143

Jasnamol P P, Neenu Lekshmi P, Manoj Raama Varma

P 092 Unique Structural Realization in the Supramolecular Complexes of

Endohedral Fullerene – Porphyrin Systems 144

Keerthi G. Nair, Subhashree Raghavan, Biji Pullithadathil, Shankara Gayathri

Radhakrishnan

P 093 Structural and optical properties of barium alumino borosilicate glass 145

M.S. Salinigopal, N. Gopakumar, P. S. Anjana

P 094 Oxygen vacancy induced charge order suppression in

Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 manganite thin films 146

Manoj K. Srivastava, Vasudha Agarwal, Amarjeet Kaur, H. K. Singh

P 095 Low-Cost Sodium Silicate Derived Mesoporous Silica Aerogel

Supports for CO2 Sequestration 147

Minju Asokan, P.V. Abhilash, K.A. Suhailath, A. Peermohamed and S.Ananthakumar

P 096 Stimuli-Controlled Switching of Electronic Property in

Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes within “N-Heterocyclic Carbene

(NHC)- Pyridyl” Dynamic Platform

148

Moumita Mondal, Ranjeesh T. K., Suraj K. Gupta, Joyanta Choudhury

P 097 Thickness dependent Phase-separation in La0.58-yPryCa0.42MnO3

(y=0.40) manganite thin films 149

Vasudha Agarwal, H.K. Singh

18

P 098 Biomass-Based Adsorbents for Reactive Barriers -Kinetic and

Equilibrium Modeling of Pb(II) Adsorption 151

U.S. Aswathy, Nisha Mathew, G.R. Divya, Arya Vijayan, S. Arya, K. Anoop Krishnan

P 099 Preparation and Characterization of Alginate Dialdehyde - Gelatin

Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles Indented for Tissue

Engineering Applications

152

Resmi R, Roy Joseph, Annie John

P 100 Synthesis And Characterization of a New Series of Catalytically and

Biologically Active Transition Metal Schiff Base Complexes

Derived from Quinoxaline-2-Carboxaldehyde

153

S. Mayadevi, Preetha G. Prasad, V.P. Jayachandranc, K. Mohammed Yusuff D

P 101 Studies on the Effect of Montmorillonite Clay in Combination With

TiO2 on the Properties of Chitosan 154

Vijayalekshmi.V, Chithra P.G

P 102 Graphene Oxide/ Boron Nitride Composite Foam with Enhanced

Mechanical Stability 155

Soumya Vinod, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Pulickel M.Ajayan*

19

Keynote Address / Plenary Lectures

20

21

Keynote Address

NanoEngineering: Challenges and Opportunities

Pulickel M. Ajayan

Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA

Email: ajayan@rice.edu

The talk will discuss our recent efforts in engineering nanostructured materials from

building blocks that range in size, dimensionality and properties. The idea of engineering

nanostructures to build functional materials captures the essence of nanotechnology and the

challenges and opportunities in this area will be discussed. One dimensional nanostructures

such as carbon nanotubes and the emerging two-dimensional atomic layers as novel building

blocks will be considered. The creation of three-dimensional architectures from nanoscale

building blocks will lead to new opportunities and the challenges involved in this approach

will be highlighted. The talk will focus on engineered nanomaterials as a platform for several

applications that include nanocomposites, energy storage, low dimensional devices etc.

22

PL 01 Mass Spectrometry and Materials Science

T Pradeep DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department

of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 60036, India.

Email: pradeep@iitm.ac.in

Mass spectrometry has crossed 100 years in its history. However, several new exciting

possibilities have come up in this area in the very recent past. My talk will present a few of

those possibilities. Today, mass spectrometry is used to understand nanomaterials and

explore their chemistry with atomic precision. New methods are being developed so that

mass spectrometry can be used to do chemistry and not only chemical analysis. Novel

methods of ionization are catching attention. Some of them use nanomaterials. For example,

ambient ionization is achieved by spraying from a carbon nanotube (CNT) impregnated

paper surface under the influence of small voltages (≥1 V). Recent excitements in the area

of mass spectrometry include processing of nanoscale materials. Exotic materials such as

ices can be examined using mass spectrometry.

References

1) R. N. D Sarkar, R. Cooks and T. Pradeep, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014 ,53 5936–5940

2) A. Mathew, G. Natarajan, L. Lehtovaara, H. Häkkinen, R. Kumar, V. Subramanian, A.

Jaleel, T. Pradeep, ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 139-152.

3) S. Bag, R. G. Bhuin, R.R. J. Methikkalam, L. Kephart, J. Walker, K. Kuchta, D. Martin,

J. Wei and T. Pradeep, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2014, 85, 014103 1-7.

23

PL 03 From Macromolecular Structure to Polymer Processing: A

Case Study of Extrusion Film Casting Process

Ashish Lele

Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory

National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, INDIA

Email: ak.lele@ncl.res.in

Relating polymer microstructure to melt processing performance has been a major

research theme in my group at the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory. Over the past ten

years we have been gradually building competencies to address this scientific challenge.

Specifically, we have built several tool-boxes of scientific techniques that include: (1)

experimental measurements of the structure and properties of polymers from molecular to

macroscopic length scales, (2) coarse-grained-mean-field theories of polymer dynamics, (3)

continuum CFD simulations of polymer processing and (4) experimental validation. In this

talk I will present a case study of extrusion film casting process in which we have

investigated the role of macromolecular attributes such as molecular weight distribution and

long chain branching on the extent of necking of polymer films during casting.

24

PL 04 Light Sculptured Photonic Materials: Fabrication and

Applications

Joby Joseph Photonics Research Lab., Physics Department, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, INDIA.

Fabrication of photonic structures on relevant length scales can be achieved by

means of various techniques such as electron or ion beam writing, deposition methods, self

assembly, interference lithography etc. The prime advantage of interference lithography here

is, to fabricate large area defect-free nano-photonic structures both rapidly and cheaply. The

presentation gives an overview of the technique of interference lithography in combination

with direct laser writing for photonic structure fabrication, and describes novel

reconfigurable phase engineering based fabrication technique which is least complex and

provide more flexibility compared to existing techniques, at the same time this technique is

capable of sculpturing of highly complex photonic structures. Fabrication of complex

photonic structures has been achieved with potential for many applications such as, photonic

circuits, photonic devices, light extraction, optical tweezers, biosensors,

metamaterials etc.

25

P 05 Novel Composites based on EPDM and EPDM/FKM Rubber

Blends: EMI Shielding Applications

Ajalesh B Nair and Rani Joseph* Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology

Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi-682 022, India.

E-mail: rani@cusat.ac.in

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of Expanded

Graphite (EG) filled ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and EPDM/hexa

fluoropropylene-vinylidinefluoride dipolymer rubber (EPDM/FKM) blends (compatibilized

and uncompatibilized) was studied in the frequency range 8.2 to 12.4 GHz (X-band). It was

observed that, at a particular frequency, the shielding effectiveness increases with increasing

loading of EG in the composite. The maximum efficiency of shielding electromagnetic

interference increased up to 12 dB. This improved efficiency of shielding electromagnetic

interference may be caused by a well organized conductive network of EG in rubber matrix.

It was observed that the mechanism of EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE) is due to

absorption. Because of their semi-conductive behavior these composites can find application

as flexible antistatic materials and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material for

use in the electronics industry.

References

1) T. W Kim, H.R Lee, S.S Kim andY.S Lim, Adv. Mater. Res, 2007, 305

2) Barker T, “IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine”, 1995.

3) J.L Wojkiewicz, S. Fauveaux and Miane JL, Synth. Met, 2003, 127

4) A. B Nair, P. Kurian and R. Joseph, Mater and Des, 2012, 40

5) A. B Nair, P. Kurian and R. Joseph, Mater and Des, 2012, 36

6) P. K Pramanik, T. N Saha, D. Khastgir, J. Elastomers Plast, 1991, 23

7) D. D. L Chung, Carbon, 2001, 39

8) M. H Al-Saleh and U. Sundararaj, Carbon, 2001, 47

9) P. F Wilson Adams and J. W Ma MT, Proc. IEEE, 1986, 74

10) N. F Colaneri and L. W Shacklette, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1992, 41

26

PL 06 Materials Related Challenges and Opportunities in

Electrochemical Energy Generation and Storage

Vijayamohanan K. Pillai Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi. India.

Email: vk.pillai@ncl.res.in; vijay@cecri.res.in

Many materials related challenge exist in Electrochemistry covering the entire span

of electrode materials for fuel cells and next generation batteries on one hand to ultrafast and

highly selective electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitters on the other hand. e Nano-

structured materials have attracted much attention recently in many electrochemical devices

due to the possibility of tailoring their dimensionality to facilitate a change in their

fundamental properties including mechanical, electrical, optical or electrochemical behavior

in comparison with similar behavior of their bulk analogues. Consequently, much effort has

been directed towards the fabrication of shape selective nanostructures because of their

exquisite size and shape dependent properties and also their technological relevance in

diverse areas such as electrocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, electrochemical sensors and

electrochemical power sources. These nanostructures are generally synthesized in many

forms including highly monodispersed spherical nanoparticles to several anisotropic

nanostructures such as wires/rods, tubes and ribbons. It is generally accepted that the

morphology of a nanostructure could be remarkably tuned during the synthesis by

controlling pertinent parameters such as temperature, nature of surfactant, metal ion to

capping molecule ratio, and the concentration of other additives in order to control the

physical and chemical properties of these materials. As a result, various methods have been

developed to generate many of these nano level architectures with good shape control

including the use of many soft as well as hard templates.

In the past, several nanostructured materials like Ag, Au, Pd, Rh, Carbon nanotubes,

graphene nanoribbons as well as quantum dots have been prepared by our group with or

without using templates to unravel their distinct behavior and a comparison with the

properties of bulk materials show their promise for many new applications. As a part of our

continuing quest for preparing hybrid materials with novel or enhanced properties, this

lecture will discuss the impact of such nanomaterials on electrochemical energy

generation and storage citing specific examples of functionalized carbon nanotubes for

Zinc-Bromine Redox flow Fuel cells, composite polymer electrolytes and the utility of

platinum Y-junction nanostructures for fuel cell applications. Electrochemical

transformation of carbon nanutubes to graphene nanoribbons as well as quantum dots would

also be discussed with their potential applications for energy storage

27

References

1) M Subhramannia, K Ramaiyan, M Aslam, V K. Pillai, J. Electroanal. Chem.

2009 627, 58-62

2) K Ramaiyan, B A. Kakade, V K. Pillai, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2653-

56

3) D B. Shinde, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 41684.

4) 4. D B.Shinde, V K. Pillai., Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 47,56 5) H Kalita, V Harikrishnan, D B Shinde, V K Pillai and M Aslam, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013,

102,143,104

28

PL 07 Nanostructured Materials: Electrocatalysts and Surface

Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates

S Sampath Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry

Indian Institute of Science

Bangalore 560 012

The present lecture will explain the use of nanostructured electrocatalysts for various

fundamental reactions, particularly hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Electrocatalysis as a

branch of electrochemistry is very old which has attracted renewed interest in recent times.

Consistent efforts have been in place to replace Pt in various reactions of interest. Research

and development of electrode materials for small molecule oxidation, oxygen reduction

reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)

has resulted in variety of new and novel materials based on nitrides, carbides and

chalcogenides.

We have been involved in development of catalysts based on transition metal

nitrides, carbides and chalcogenides towards methanol / ethanol oxidation, ORR, HER and

OER. Some of the recent results will be explained in the present lecture.

Prof. S Sampath and co-workers,

Chem. Comm., 2014, 50, 7359

Chem. Comm., 2014, 50, 3061

Chem. Asian J., 2014, 9, 838

Nanoscale., 2013, 21(5), 10646

Chem. Comm., 2013, 49, 6173

Phy. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15(22), 8744

ACS Appl. Mater. Inter, 2012, 4(8), 3818

29

PL 08 Photoresponsive Materials

Suresh Das Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division

National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, (CSIR),

Trivandrum – 695 019, India

The design of externally addressable molecules such as photochromics is of

significant interest since they can give rise to so-called stimuli sensitive “smart materials”.

One of the major challenges of designing such systems is that bulk photochemical and

photophysical properties of materials can vary significantly from that of the individual

molecules, and depend strongly upon interactions such as intermolecular dipole coupling

which in turn are determined by the relative positions of adjacent molecules and

supramolecular interactions between them. Understanding the nature of the interactions that

determine the packing of molecules in the materials and how they affect their optical and

electronic characteristics is therefore essential for tuning their material properties.

In this context, we have been interested in the design and study of novel amphiphilic

photochromic molecules which can self-assemble into photoresponsive liquid crystals,

vesicles and

gels. We have also investigated how molecular packing affects the macroscopic

luminescent properties of these molecules using single crystal analyses. This role of self-

assembly in controlling the photochemical and photophysical properties of such materials

will be discussed.

30

31

Invited Lectures

32

33

IL 01 Electrospinning: A Fascinating Fiber Fabrication

Technology and Its Biomedical Applications

Nirmala Rachel James Dept. of Chemsitry, IIST

With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology over the last two

decades, significant progress has been made not only in preparation and characterization of

nanomaterials, but also in their applications. As an important one-dimensional nanomaterial,

nanofibers have extremely high specific surface area because of their small diameters, and

nanofiber membranes are highly porous with excellent pore interconnectivity. These unique

characteristics plus the functionalities from the polymers themselves impart nanofibers with

many desirable properties for advanced applications. Several methods have been developed

to fabricate nanofibers, such as template (1), self-assembly (2), phase separation (3),

meltblowing (4) and electrospinning (5-8).

Compared to other nanofiber fabrication techniques, electrospinning is by far the

most popular technique to use because this method is simple, cost-effective and capable of

producing continuous nanofibers. Electrospinning is a process of creating solid continuous

fibers of material with diameter in the micro- to nanometer range by using electric fields.

One attractive feature of electrospinning is the simplicity and inexpensive nature of the

setup. Electrospinning produces fibers of thinner diameters via a contactless procedure. It is

less complex than self-assembly and can be used for a wide range of materials unlike phase

separation. Electrospinning technique is applicable to virtually every soluble or fusible

polymer and is capable of spinning fibers in a variety of shapes and sizes with a wide range

of properties to be used in a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications.

Electrospinning requires a very simple and economical setup but is an intricate process that

depends on several molecular, processing, and technical parameters. The most basic

electrospinning setup consists of four major components: a syringe pump, a high voltage

power supply, an electrically conducting spinneret, and a collector separated at a defined

distance.

A large chunk of research on polymer nanofibers has been devoted to the studies of their

processing and characterization. Nanofiber researchers are now able to control the fiber

morphology, fiber diameter and patterning of fiber deposition. These developments have

provided thrust to the goal of realizing potential applications of nanofibers. Major possible

applications are categorized into Bioengineering, Biotechnology, Energy, Electronics and

Defense & security. Lecture will provide a basic understanding of the electrospinning

process and the major application areas. Trends in applications in biomedical field will be

highlighted. Recent approaches in electrospinning of natural polymers will also be discussed.

34

References

1) Ikegame, M., Tajima, K. & Aida, T. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2003,

42, 19, 2154-2157.

2) Hong, Y., Legge, R.L., Zhang, S. & Chen, P. Biomacromolecules 2003, 4, 5, 1433- 1442.

3) Ma, P.X. & Zhang, R. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 1999, 46, 1, 60-72.

4) Ellison, C.J., Phatak, A., Giles, D.W., Macosko, C.W. & Bates, F.S, Polymer, 2007, 48,

20, 6180.

5) Doshi, J. & Reneker, D.H. Journal of Electrostatics, 1995, 35, 2&3, 151-60.

35

IL 02 Welding of Maraging Steels and their Properties

aGurpreet Singh,

bArpan kumar Sahoo,

aChakravarthy P,

cVenkateswaran T

aIndian Institute of Space science and Technology

bISRO Satellite Centre

CVikram Sarabhai Space Centre

Maraging steels are a class of ultra high strength steel that undergoes diffusionless

martensitic transformation on quenching & on subsequent aging develops high strength

through precipitation of fine intermetallic compounds. Their application isn’t restricted to

aerospace industries (where technological advanced material is the key requirement) for the

fabrication of rocket motors casing in launch vehicle & missiles, but also to submarine hulls

or automobile industries, etc. M250 steel was selected for the current investigation that has

wide applications and was solutionised at 815°C for 1 hour in a muffle furnace and cooled in

air.

The solutionised steel was subjected to metallographic studies and their

microstructure revealed blocky and stingy martensite. Hardness was measured on the

solutionised samples to understand the properties associated with the microstructure.

Maraging steel plates were subjected to TIG welding and the microstructures were studied.

The microstructure revealed distinguished heat affected zones from the weld pool. Hardness

of the welded plates across the weld supported the microstructural change as observed in the

microstructure. The change in hardness was understood due to the formation of reversion of

austenite which is relatively softer & micro-segregation of intermetallic precipitates that

makes the steel harder. The formation of reversed austenite or precipitation was accounted

by the heat supplied during the welding. Ageing was carried out at 480°C for 3 hours and the

hardness measurement revealed an increase in the hardness from 319 HV to 540HV. The

precipitation of fine intermetallic compounds resulted in the increase in the hardness.

Key words: Maraging steel, TIG welding, Ageing, heat affected zones

36

37

Contributory Lectures

38

39

CL 01 Quantum dot Functionalized Singlewall Carbon Nanotube

for Cancer Cell Imaging and Targetted Photothermal Therapy

Lakshmi.V.Nair, R.S.Jayasree* Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and

Technology,Trivandrum, Kerala, 6950

Email: lakshmivbm@gmail.com

Translation from single to multiple nano systems to suit varied applications is a

promising field of nanotechnology.1

Hybrid nanomaterials are emerging as multifunctional

and multimodal systems in biomedical applications. These materials are of great interest in

biomedical applications due to their potential use in multiple parallel applications.2

In this

study, we demonstrate the use of a hybrid nanomaterial made of semiconducting quantum

dot and single wall carbon nanotube (Qd@CNT) for cellular imaging and targeted therapy.3

Furthermore, folic acid conjugated hybrid system, FaQd@CNT, enables the selective

targeting of the same inside the cancer cell. The imaging capability of quantum dot and the

therapeutic potential of carbon nanotubes have been made available in a single system along

with cancer targeting property. Heat generated by the developed system was found to be high

even with a laser irradiation for a duration of 4 min. Specific photothermal destruction of

cancer cells has been achieved with the developed FaQd@CNT compared to the nonspecific

and less effective response of Qd@CNT. The nanosystem of the study can be used as a smart

intelligent probe for tumor imaging and its therapy at a very early stage.

References

1) Shi, W.; Zeng, H.; Sahoo, Y.; Ohulchanskyy, T. Y.; Ding, Y.; Wang, Z. L.; Swihart, M.;

Prasad, P. N. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 875-881.

2) Park, H.; Yang, J.; .Seo, S.; Kim, K.; Suh, J.; Kim, D.; Haam, S.; HwaYoo, K. small

2008, 4, 192-196.

3) Lakshmi. V. N.; Nagaoka , Y.; Maekawa , T.; Sakthikumar , D.; Jayasree, R. S. Small

2014, DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400418.

40

CL 02 Structure-based Design of 4-benzylidenehydrazonothiazoles

as Selective ATP Competitive Aurora Inhibitors

Sarah T, Sreejalekshmi K G* Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and

Technology,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala, 695547, India

Email: Sarah.11@iist.ac.in

Target selectivity and specificity of anticancer agents are the challenging areas in

drug design and development. Identification of molecules targeting proteins with specific

functions in mitosis is found to be an effective way to achieve selectivity and specificity for

anticancer agents. A subgroup of serine/threonine protein kinases, Aurora kinases (AURK),

have distinct roles in mitotic cell division.1 It is evidenced that aberrant AURK can lead to

chromosomal misalignment and errors in segregation. Many of the human cancer cells,

breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer are shown

to have overexpression of AURK2,3

and hence design of small molecule inhibitors of these

signalling proteins are getting much attention in anticancer research.4 Motivated by

bioactivity of aminothiazoles5 and 2-hydrazinothiazoles,

6 we felt worth examining their

unexplored analogues, 4-hydrazonothiazoles as potential anticancer agents. Currently our

research focuses on design of a family of 4-benzylidenehydrazonothiazoles as selective

Aurora inhibitors. Herein, we used computational tools to create a virtual library of 700

novel molecules and identified the compounds as ATP competitive inhibitors of AURKA in

the hinge region with DFG-out conformation through structure-based ligand docking. We

report virtual screening of the novel ligands in AURKA inhibitors and in vitro studies on

human cancer cell lines.

Figure 1. Binding of ligand in the ATP binding site of AURKA(PDB ID:3UOK)

DFG motif

Hinge

41

References

1) Tatsuka M.; Katayama H.; Ota T. et al. Cancer Res. 1998, 58, 4811-4816.

2) Dar, A. A.; Goff, L.W.; Majid, S. et al. Mol. Cancer. Ther.2010, 9, 268-278.

3) Katsha, A.; Arras, J.; Soutto, M. et al. Mol.Oncol. 2014, xxx, 1-10.

4) Luo, Y.; Deng, Y. Q.; Wang, J. et al. Eur. J. Med. Chem.2014, 78, 65-71.

5) Smith, B.; Chang, H.; Medda, F. et al. Bioorg. Med.Chem.Lett.2012, 22, 3567-3570.

6) Yurttas, L.; Ozkay, Y.; Kaplancikli, Z. A. ei al. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.2012, 1-6.

CL 03 Design and Fabrication of a Novel Potentiometric Sensor

Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Based Molecular Imprinted

Polymer for the Trace Level Detection of Hemoglobin in Real

Samples

Sheeba Alexander , T.S.Anirudhan* Dept. of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum, 695 581, India

Email:sheebaalexander2013@gmail.com

In this work a novel potentiometric sensor was developed with high selectivity and

sensitivity for the detection of hemoglobin using surface modified multiwalled carbon

nanotube (MWCNT). MWCNT is oxidized using Con.HNO3, and the oxidised MWCNT is

grafted using epichlorohydrin (ECH). The epoxide ring present on the surface of MWCNT

reacts with allyl alcohol in presence of sodium to form vinylated MWCNT (MWCNT-

CH=CH2). MWCNT based imprinted polymer (MWCNT-MIP) was prepared by means of

itachonic acid (IA) as the monomer, ethelene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross

linker, α, α’-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and hemoglobin (Hb as the

template molecule. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a metalloprotein found in red blood cells liable for

oxygen transport in the blood of vertebrate.1 FTIR, XRD, Raman and SEM analyses were

carried out for the characterization of MWCNT-MIP and the optimizations of analytical

parameters were also done. The organized MWCNT-MIP sensor possesses a wide linear

range over Hb concentration from 0.5 to 10.0 µg/mL with a detection limit of 1 µg/mL (3σ).

People with hematuria the concentration of Hb in the urine is of about 1.0 mg/ml.2 The

developed MWCNT-MIP sensor was successfully useful for human bile juice and urine

samples.

References

1) Garrett, R. H. Grisham Biochemistry, C.M. 4th edn. Brooks Cole, Boston, 2010.

2) Packham, D. K.; Perkovic, V.; Savige, J.; Broome, M. R. Seminars in Nephrology, 2005,

25, 146-148.

42

CL 04 Functionalized Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as

an Efficient Quasi-homogeneous Catalyst for Multi-component

Reactions

U. Chinna Rajesh and Diwan S. Rawat* Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India

Email: alchem.chinna@gmail.com

The MNPs have been found as sustainable catalysts or catalyst supports in organic

synthesis due to their unique properties including huge surface area, non-toxic, recoverable

with an external magnet, and avoids the work up/filtration of the catalyst.1 The

functionalized MNPs have been increasingly exploited in the area of biomedicine and

catalysis.2 Several metal NPs or metal complexes have been supported on the MNPs to

explore catalytic potential for various organic conversions. However, limited reports

available on metal free, ionic liquid functionalized MNPs as recyclable catalysts for

multicomponent reactions.3

In this context, and in continuation of our efforts to design efficient nano materials as

recyclable catalysts,4 we have demonstrated the synthesis and characterization of

[N4444][Val] ionic liquid grafted on 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane coated superparamagnetic

Fe3O4 NPs (VIF). The VIF catalyst was used as an efficient “quasi-homogeneous” catalyst

for multi-component synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and 2-amino-4-(indol-3-yl)-4H-

chromenes and spiroxindoles at room temperature. VIF catalyst was recovered by using an

external magnet and recycled for six times without significant loss in catalytic activity.

Moreover, VIF is a “quasi-homogeneous” catalyst can bridge the gap between homogeneous

and heterogeneous catalysis.

Figure 1. VIF as a quasi-homogeneous catalyst

43

References

1) (a) Baig, R. B. N.; Varma, R. S. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 752; (b) Kainz, Q. M.;

Reiser O. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 667.

2) (a) Berry, C. C. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2009, 42, doi:10.1088/0022-

3727/42/22/224003;(b) Akbarzadeh, A.; Samiei,M.; Davaran, S. Nanoscale Res. Lett.

2012, 7, 144.

3) (a) Riente, P.; Mendoza, C.; Pericas, M. A. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 7350; (b) Kong,

Y.; Tan, R.; Zhao, L.; Yin, D. Green Chem. 2013, 15, 2422.

4) (a) Arya, K.; Rajesh, U. C.; Rawat, D. S. Green Chem. 2012, 14, 3344; (b) Rajesh,U. C.;

Manohar, S.; Rawat, D. S. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2013, 355, 3170.

CL 05 Synthesis, Characterization of 4,4′-Dihydroxy

Benzopheneone Based NovolacEpoxy: Thermal and Interface

Property Evaluation with DGEBA and 1-Cyanoguanidine

Monisha Baby, Ranajit Pal

*, NimmiFrancis,Supriya N.

#,SurajS.

Polymers and Special Chemicals Division, #Analytical and Spectroscopic Division

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram

Kerala-695022

Email:monishababy87@gmail.com

One part epoxy adhesive systems are widely used in aerospace and other industries

because of their ease of handling and processing. Conventional one part epoxy adhesives are

formulated using epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) in

combination with latent curative 1-cyanoguanidine (CGN). However, the application of

these systems is limited due to its poor performance at high temperature. Presently,aerospace

industries look for better high temperature (>150° C) performance material.

Herein we report, the synthesis and characterization of a novel novolac epoxy resin

possessing good high temperature performance when cured with CGN. 4,4′-

dihydroxybenzophenone formaldehyde novolac (BZPN) was synthesized by the reaction of

4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone (BZP) with paraformaldehyde (PF)in presence of strong acid

catalyst at elevated temperature.BZPN is further reacted with epichlorohydrin in presence of

alkali to synthesizenovolac epoxy resin (BZPNE). The formation of both BZPN and BZPNE

was confirmed by 1H-NMR, FTIR. Molecular weight distribution of both BZPN and BZPNE

was obtained from gel permeation chromatography (GPC).Epoxy value of the product also

supported the formation of BZPNE. Different compositions of BZPNE (0%, 10%, 20%, and

30%) with DGEBA were formulated and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was

performed for each composition to compute the activation energy and to predict the life of

the system at ambient temperature. Adhesive strength at room temperature (RT) of each

composition was also evaluated usingaluminium as interface, as per ASTM D 1002. The

44

glass transition temperature (Tg) was evaluated by thermo mechanical analyzer. Tg was

found to increase with increase in BZPNE amount. However, significant change in adhesive

strength was not observedat RT.

References

1) Liu,Y.; Zhang, C.; Du, Z.; Li, H.J. App. Polym. Sci.2006, 99, 858 – 868.

2) Pan, G.; Du, Z.; Zhang, C.; Li, C.; Yang, X.; Li, H. Polymer,2007, 48, 3686 – 3693.

CL 06 Structural, Thermal and Transport Properties of Polymer

Blend Composite Membranes for Fuel cell Applications

P Bahavan Palani

1, K Sainul abidin, R Kannan

1*, S Rajashabala

2, G.Velraj

3,

M.Sivakumar4

1 Department of Physics, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Dindigul-

624622. 2 School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625021.

3 Department of Physics, Periyar University, Selam-636011.

4 Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630003.

Email: bahavanpalani@gmail.com

We have prepared composite membranes for fuel cell applications. The protonated

MMT was synthesized by ion exchange process with column chromatographic technique.

The different concentration of Poly (vinylidene fluride) (PVdF), Poly (ethylene glycol)

(PEG) and Montmorillonite (MMT) were used for the membrane preparation. All the

membranes were prepared by using solution casting method. PVdF has blended with PEG in

steps of 2 wt.% and then dispersed with MMT in steps of 3 wt.%. The performance of the

membranes evaluated in terms of different characterization like Thermo Gravimetric

Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD),

water uptake, Ion exchange capacity (IEC) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Thermal stability was decreased and water uptake increases when increasing concentration

of additives of PEG and MMT. The IEC values are increased with protonated MMT than the

non protonated composite membranes. XRD studies reveals that the increase of amorphous

nature with nano particle exfoliation. Incorporation of 9 wt.% of MMT in PVdF/PEG/MMT

with 10 V.% of sulfonated membrane delivers high proton conductivity value of 0.127 S cm-

1 at room temperature with 100% humidity condition.

45

CL 07 High Specific Strength Carbon Foams Derived from

Sucrose and Milled Carbon Fiber

R. Narasimman, SujithVijayan, K. Prabhakaran * Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

Email: r.narasimman87@gmail.com

Carbon foam is an advanced high temperature material mainly used as thermal

protection applications due to its low thermal conductivity, fire resistance and light weight.

But, the application of carbon foams, especially those prepared from natural renewable

precursors like sucrose and tannin is limited by their poor strength. Various reinforcing

additives have been attempted to increase the mechanical strength of carbon foams prepared

from different precursor materials. Here, we prepared carbon fiber reinforced carbon

composite foams from molten sucrose and milled carbon fiber. The process involves thermo-

foaming of milled carbon fiber dispersions in molten sucrose followed by dehydration and

carbonization. The properties of the carbon composite foams were evaluated as a function of

fiber length and fiber concentration. The density and specific compressive strength of the

carbon foams increased with a decrease of fiber length and reached a maximum at a fiber

w strength observed at higher fiber length is due to the

agglomeration by bridging of the fibers. A maximum of 125 % increase in compressive

strength and 92% increase in specific compressive strength was achieved at a carbon fiber

concentration 2 wt.% of sucrose (~ 8 wt.% of matrix carbon).

Figure 1. (a) SEM photograph of carbon-carbon composite foam (b) Effect of fiber

concentration on the compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite

foams (fiber length-

References

1) Gallego NC, Klett JW. Carbon. 2003, 41, 1461–1466.

2) R. Narasimman, K. Prabhakaran. Carbon.2012, 50, 1999-2009.

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Co

mp

ressiv

e s

tren

gth

(M

Pa)

Fiber fraction

33 m carbon fiber

46

CL 08 Visible light photoconductivity in ZnO and ZnO-graphene

hybrids

M K Kavitha1, Pramod Gopinath

2, Honey John

1*

1Department of Chemistry,

2Department of Physics, Indian institute of Space Science and

Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India

Email: kavitha.10@iist.ac.in

Graphene is a promising optoelectronic material due to its high carrier mobility and

ultra stability. Although graphene has many fascinating optical and electrical properties, its

relative low light absorption coefficient and fast recombination rate, have limited graphene

from practical optoelectronic applications1. Combining graphene with active components to

improve its performance and develop new functional applications has been attained

considerable attention recently. Combining ZnO and graphene we can facilitate photo-

induced charge separation by ZnO and electronic transport through graphene. ZnO is a wide

direct bandgap semiconductor with large exciton binding energy at room temperature. The

absorption of ZnO can be tuned within the visible spectral region by controlling the intrinsic

defect levels, which makes it an excellent photo detector in the sub-band gap regime. The

intrinsic defect levels create localized states within the band gap, which influences the

optical absorption and the carrier dynamics2.

ZnO nanocones with a dominating preferential orientation along an energetically less

favorable, oxygen terminated )1110(

facets were synthesized with a passivating capping agent.

Photoluminescence spectra demonstrate that the as-grown samples have both oxygen and

zinc vacancies, and after calcination in air oxygen vacancies vanish, but zinc vacancies are

enhanced. Photoconductivity of the samples reduces significantly upon calcination,

confirming the reduction in oxygen vacancies..

In order to combine the advantages of ZnO with visible light absorption and

graphene with extremely high carrier mobility, we present a layer by layer self assembly

technique to fabricate ZnO-graphene thin films for photocurrent generation. Due to the

efficient charge transfer, the response of the thin film is largely enhanced.

Figure 1. Energy diagram of ZnO and graphene.

47

References

1) Guo, W. ; Xu, S. ; Wu, Z.; Wang, N.; Loy, M. M. T.; Du, S.; Small 2013, 9, 3031-3036.

2) van Dijken, A.; Meulenkamp, E.A. ; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Meijerink, A. J. Phys. Chem.

B 2000, 104, 1715-1723.

CL 09 High-throughput Quantum Chemistry Calculations and

Virtual Screening for Organic Semiconductor Solutions

Gopi Krishna Phani Dathar,* Mathew D Halls, David J Giesen, Shaun Kwak,

Alexander Goldberg, Thomas Hughes, Yixiang Cao, Jacob Gavartin Mate ials ien e inge angalo e In ia inge , USA

E-mail: dathar@schrodinger.com

For the past 20 years the standard approach to drug discovery has been the

automated computational screening of chemical structure libraries to identify lead systems

for further investigation and experimental development. Recent advances in the power of

computational resources and the improvements in the efficiency and stability of first-

principles simulation packages has made it possible to apply this paradigm to challenges in

material science. It is now possible for multi-step property calculations using accurate

quantum-based methods to be executed automatically for diverse chemical libraries, with the

results collected in a growing data record. This record can then be sorted and mined to

identify exemplary candidates and establish critical structure-property limits within a

chemical design space. To date very few studies have been reported in which quantum

chemical calculations are carried out in a high-throughput fashion to compute properties and

screen for optimal materials solutions, however with time virtual screening will become

central to advanced materials chemistry research.

In this presentation, the use of high-throughput quantum chemistry to analyze and

screen a chemical structure library is demonstrated for key organic semiconductor

applications including organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and organic photovoltaic (OPV)

materials.1, 2

References

1) Halls, M. D.; Djurovich, P. J.; Giesen, D. J.; Goldberg, A.; Sommer, J.; McAnally, E.;

Thompson, M. E. New J. Phys.; 2013, 15, 105029.

2) Bochevarov, A.D. et al., Int. J. Quantum Chem.; 2013,113, 2110—2142

48

CL 10 Chemically Modified Carbon Nanofillers as a Novel

Toughening Agent for Epoxy Matrix

Raneesh Konnola1, Jinu Joji

2, Kuruvilla Joseph

1*

1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- 695 547, India 2Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-BHOPAL,

Madhya Pradesh-462 066, India

Email: raneeshkonnola@gmail.com

Polymer composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and

graphene oxide (GO) have exhibited significant improvements in the mechanical and other

properties1. The larger surface area of GO increases the contact area with the polymer matrix

maximizing the stress transfer from the polymer to the nanofiller. The major difficulty in

optimizing composite properties with nano reinforcing agent is achieving sufficient

dispersion in the epoxy matrix. Chemical modification of carbon nanofillers has been a

promising route to achieve good dispersion and better properties. Although considerable

improvement in mechanical properties is observed, the improvement in toughness is

negligible. By judiciously selecting the modifier and grafting with nano reinforcing agent,

we can improve both the mechanical strength and fracture toughness of the composite. In

this work, we modified MWCNT and GO using carboxyl terminated poly(acrylonitrile-co-

butadiene) rubber (CTBN), polyethyleneimine and poly(phenylenesulfone), POSS and

poly(ether sulfone). Modification of nanofillers are characterized by using FTIR,

Raman,TGA, XRD and TEM. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of

modification of nanofillers on the fracture toughness, mechanical strength, thermal stability

and viscoelastic properties of epoxy nanocomposites.

Reference

1) Qiu, J.; Wang S.; J Appl Polym Sci, 2011, 119, 3670-4.

CL 11 Asymmetric Supercapacitor Devices Based on Dendritic

Conducting Polymer and Activated Carbon

Darshna Potphode, Sarada P Mishra, P Sivaraman, Manoranjan Patri* Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Shil Badlapur Road, Anand Nagar, Ambernath-421

506, Thane, Maharashtra, India

E-mail: darshu.dp@gmail.com

Supercapacitor is promising candidate to provide pulse power within short period of

time with fast charge-discharge response.1 Supercapacitors can bridge the gap between high

49

power density capacitors and high energy density batteries. They can be used in many

applications like hybrid vehicles, military weapons, cameras etc. where sudden surge of

power is required. Many polymers like polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene, have

been used as electrode material in supercapacitors.2

In this study, electrochemical performance of dendritic conducting polymer based on

triphenylamine as a core has been studied for energy storage application. Polymer of tris(4-

(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amine has been synthesized chemically. Electrochemical

characterization was carried out by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge methods in 1M

tetraethylene ammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile as an electrolyte. Charge-discharge

profile shows specific capacitance of 255 F/g at current density of 2 A/g. Asymmetric

supercapacitor device were fabricated with synthesized conducting polymer as a positive

electrode while activated carbon as a negative electrode. Cyclic Voltammetry analysis shows

specific capacitance of 38 F/g for device at a scan rate of 25mV/s. The device exhibited 35%

of loss in specific capacitance after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. 3-dimensional structure of

polymer along with porous morphology might lead to high specific capacitance than regular

polythiophene.

References

1) Burke, A.; J. Power Sources, 2000, 91(1), 37-50. 2) Snook,G.A.; Kaob,P.; Best,A.S. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196, 1–12.

3) Roberts, M. E.; Wheeler, D. R.; McKenzie, B. B.; and Bunker, B. C.; J. Mater. Chem.,

2009, 19, 6977–6979.

CL 12 A Novel Approach to Prepare Alginate- k-carrageenan &

Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogel Beads for Controlled Drug Release.

Nibisha M P, Franklin J and Jinu George *

Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College Thevara, Kerala, 673013, India

Email: nibishamp@gmail.com

Hydrogels, the three dimensional hydrophilic polymeric networks, are presently

under investigation as a delivery system for bioactive molecules. Naturally derived hydrogel

beads are either composed of components or have macromolecular properties similar to the

natural extracellular matrix of human tissues.1,2

Hydrogel beads derived from

alginate,gelatin and carrageenan have attracted attension for the development of sustained

and controlled release drug delivery systems due to their good biocompatibility,

biodegradation, nontoxicity upon in vivo administration 3,4,5

.The present work was focused

on the development and characterization of alginate-k-carrageenan and alginate-gelatin

hydrogel beads. Alginates are naturally derived polysaccharide block copolymers composed

of regions of β -D-mannuronic acid monomers (M-blocks), regions of α -L-guluronic acid

(G-blocks) and regions of interspersed M and G units. 6,7

. Alginate is one of the

50

polyuronates, an example of natural ionic polysaccharide forming chain–chain association

leading to hydrogels with divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+).8 Carrageenans are a family of

sulphated linear polysaccharides consisting of (1→3)-linked β -galactose and (1→4)-linked

α -D galactose units, which are variously substituted and modified to the 3,6-anhydro

derivative, depending on the source and extraction conditions.9 The units are bound by

alternation α -1,4 and β-1,4 glycosidic linkages. Three main types of carrageenans are

known: kappa-k, lambda- λ and iota-i, depending on the number and the position of the ionic

sulphate groups in the structure of the molecule. The presence of a suitable cation, typically

potassium, or calcium is an absolute requirement as well for gelation of the carrageenans,

especially kappa to proceed.10

Gelatin is a protein derived from denatured collagen that

contains high levels of hydroxyproline, proline and glycine. It is useful as a thermally

reversible gelling agent for encapsulation. 11

The hydrogel beads were developed via ionotropic gelation.12

Alginate-k-carrageenan beads

were cross-linked with CaCl2-KCl salt solution and that of alginate-gelatin beads with CaCl2

solution. The hydrogel beads were characterised by FT-IR & SEM. The swelling behaviour

of the obtained hydrogel beads were studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with a pH

7.4. In-vitro release of curcumin from alginate-k-carrageenan and alg-gelatin hydrogel beads

were carried out in phosphate buffered saline(PBS, pH 7.4). The properties of alginate-k-

carrageenan hydrogel beads were compared with alginate-gelatin hydrogel beads. The results

obtained indicated that the different formulations, both in case of alg-k-carrageenan and alg-

gelatin,the hydrogel beads have considerable potential as drug-carrier materials for drug

delivery in medicinal applications.

References:

1) Drury, J. L.; Mooney, D. J. Biomaterials. 2003, 24, 4337−51.

2) Peppas, N.; Hilt, J.; Khademhosseini, A.; Langer, R. Adv. Mater.2006, 18, 1345−1360.

3) Sankalia, M.G.; Mashru, R.C. ; Sankalia, J.M.; Sutariya, V. Int. J. Pharm.2006,312,1–4.

4) George,M.;Abraham,T.E.J.Control.Release. 2006, 114, 1–14.

5) Hua, S.; Ma, H.; Li, X.; Yang, H.; Wang, A. Int. J. Biol. Macromol.2010,46,517–523.

6) Akhondi, H.; Taheri-Nassaj, E.; Taavoni-Gilan, A. J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 484,452–457.

7) Liu,X.;Qian,L.;Shu,T.;Tong,Z.Polymers.2003,44,407–412.

8) Fang,Y.;Al-Assaf,S.;Phillips,G.O;Nishinari,K.;Funami,T.;Williams,P.A.

Carbohydr.Polym. 2008,72 ,334–341.

9) Tang, C.H. ; Wu, H.; Chen, Z.; Yang, X.Q. Food Res. Int. 39 .2006, 87–97.

10) Campo,V.L.; KaWano, D.F. ; da Silva, D.B.; Carvalho, J.I. Carbohydr. Polym.2009, 77,

167–180.

11) Krasaekoopt, W.; Bhandari ,B.; Deeth, H. Review: International Dairy Journal, 2003,

13, 3–13.

12) Lazaro, N.; Sevilla,A.L.;Morales, S.; Marques, A. M. Water Res.2003, 37, 2118.

51

CL 13 Effect of rf Power on Thermo-optical Properties of

Sputtered Vanadium (V) Oxide Films

D. Porwal

1,2, C. M. Esther

1, I. N. Reddy

3, Yougandar B

1, Sridhara N

1, D. Rangappa

4,

N. P. Yadav2, A. K. Sharma

1, A. Dey

1*

1Thermal System Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka,

560017,India2Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi, U.P., 284001,

India3Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, T.N.,

600119, India4Center for Nanotechnology, Center for Post Graduate studies, VTU,

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Email: porwaldeeksha10@gmail.com

Vanadium oxide thin films are often used in opto-electronic applications as smart

sensors, windows and switching purpose1. Here Vanadium (V) oxide thin film was grown on

quartz and Si (111) substrate by utilizing direct pulsed rf magnetron sputtering technique at

room temperature at three different rf powers of 100, 300 and 600 W for a deposition time of

60 minutes at working pressure of 1.5x10-2

mbar. Crystalline phase was depicted from X-ray

diffraction investigation. Microstructural studies had been carried out by field emission

scanning electron microscopy. The transmittance and reflectance of the coated samples were

measured by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 200 to 2300 nm.

Thinner film i.e. grown at 100 W showed an almost constant high transmittance value of

~94%, however, it was decreased to ~70% while it grown at 600 W which is much thicker

film (Fig. 1)2. Reflectance spectra were followed as correspondence. Extremely low solar

absorptance (0.011 to 0.186) has been evaluated by solar spectrum reflectometer. It was

increased as rf power also increased as expected. Finally, the IR emittance of coated samples

was reaming unaltered as ~0.8 while rf power increased from 100 W to 600 W measured by

an emissometer.

500 1000 1500 20000

20

40

60

80

100

R/V2O

5-600W

R/V2O

5-300W

T/V2O

5-600W

T/V2O

5-300W

R/V2

O5-100W

T/V2O

5-100W

R/Bare Quartz

T/Bare Quartz

Tra

nsm

itta

nce

/ R

efle

cta

nce

(%)

Wavelength (nm)

T/Bare Quartz

T/V2O

5-100W

T/V2O

5-300W

T/V2O

5-600W

R/Bare Quartz

R/V2O

5-100W

R/V2O

5-300W

R/V2O

5-600W

Figure 1. Transmittance and reflectance of Vanadium (V) oxide coated quartz samples

52

References

1) Leroy, J.; Bessaudou, A.; Cosset, F.; Crunteanu A. Thin Solid Film. 2012, 520, 4823–

4825.

2) Mlyuka, NR.; Niklasson, GA.; Granqvist, CG. Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C. 2009, 93, 1685–

1687.

CL 14 Chemical Exfoliation of Layered Borides: An Avenue to

Synthesize Boron-Based Nanosheets Analogous to Chemically

Modified Graphene Nanosheets

Asha Liza James, Kabeer Jasuja* Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar,

Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382424, India

Email: asha.james@iitgn.ac.in

While graphene (carbon’s famed two-dimensional allotrope) still commands center-

stage of the current research on nanosheets, interest has also hiked in nanomaterials

analogous to graphene1. Boron, carbon’s neighbor in the periodic table, offers an intriguing

case in its potential to form quasi-planar nanostructures. Two dimensional boron sheets have

been theoretically envisioned, but the experimental realization remains unaccomplished2.

We have recently been able to synthesize few nanometers thick lamellar

nanostructures comprising chemically modified boron honeycomb lattice, via an

ultrasonication assisted chemical exfoliation of layered borides. The synthetic strategy

utilizes the tools of ultrasonication and chelation to enable layer-by-layer exfoliation of the

layered borides to form a colloidal dispersion of nanosheets which are found to exhibit a

chemically modified boron lattice. This talk will present details of the exfoliation

methodology and the fundamental physico-chemical characteristics of the as synthesized

boron-based nanosheets. The morphological details (obtained from FESEM, TEM and

AFM), optical properties, surface charge and chemical analysis (by FTIR) will also be laid

out.

This research pursuit presents, for the first time, exfoliation of layered borides to

unveil an entirely new family of nanomaterials which enables manifestation of boron in

a quasi-planar nanoform, offering novel avenues to tap its characteristic properties.

References 1) Tang, Q.; Zhou, Z. Progr. Mater. Sci., 2013, 58, 1244-1315.

2) Piazza, Z. A.; Hu, H. S.; Li, W. L.; Zhao, Y. F.; Li, J.; Wang, L. S. Nat. Commun., 2014,

5, 3113

53

CL 15 Effect of Different Types of Separators on The

Electrochemical Characteristics of Graphene Supercapacitors

A.J. Mejo, S. Suraj, M. Divya, M. N. Muralidharan, A. Seema* Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology, Athani (P.O), Thrissur, Kerala – 680581,

India

Email: seema@cmet.gov.in, seemacmet@gmail.com

Supercapacitors are used in a large spectrum of energy storage applications that

require fast cycles characterized by high current flow. Supercapacitors can deliver 100 times

power than that of battery and can store 10, 000 times more energy than the conventional

capacitors. Supercapacitors have already established their use in automobile sector for hybrid

drives and regenerative braking systems. They have enormous opportunities in consumer

electronics. Proper choice of electrode, electrolyte and separator materials are required to

develop highly stable and reliable supercapacitors having low ESR and high power density.

In this regard, Graphene has opened a new era in supercapacitors. Graphene, one atom thick

sheet of carbon atoms offers high conductivity and excellent surface area and can be used as

electrode for supercapacitors. The objective of the present work is to develop graphene

supercapacitors having high energy density and power density. In this respect, we have used

different types of separator materials to reduce the ESR and enhance the ionic mobility.

Cellulose, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and

polypropylene based materials were used as separators. Graphene was prepared from natural

graphite flakes by chemical route. Aluminium foil was used as current collector. 1M tetra

ethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate was used as electrolyte. The

electrochemical characteristics of the supercapacitors were determined by charge-discharge

studies, cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. Graphene supercapacitors

fabricated using cellulose based separator have given specific capacitance of 91 F/g, energy

density of 16.6 Wh/Kg and power density of 6.5 KW/Kg.

CL 16 Development of MWCNTs/ SnO2 Nanocomposites with

Increasing Capacity as Free- standing Anode for High Capacity Li

ion Batteries

Indu Elizabeth*, Bhanu. P. Singh, S.Gopukumar, R.B. Mathur CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India.

Email: * induelizabeth20@gmail.com

Various carbon materials have been extensively used as anode materials for

rechargeable Li-ion batteries because of their consistent performance and potentialities.

MWCNTs have also attracted attention as anode materials because of their high

54

conductivity, high aspect ratio, good tensile strength etc. which makes them suitable for

fabricating free standing anode.

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of length 100-150 nm prepared by

Chemical Vapor Deposition is used to make free standing paper by simple vacuum filtration

technique. The free standing paper when used as anode for Li ion battery shows a discharge

capacity (rate C/10) of 181mAh/g in the first cycle which increases to 197mAh/g after the

50th cycle. SnO2/long length MWCNTs nanocomposite is also prepared by chemical route.

Free standing anode made from the nanocomposite shows a very high capacity 330mAh/g in

the first cycle which increases upto 383mAh/g in the 50th cycle. Various characterization

techniques like SEM, TEM, TGA, XRD and Raman spectroscopy have been carried out to

evaluate the structure of the anode that is further correlated to its performance in Li-ion cell.

This peculiar behavior of increase in capacity as cycling progresses is very remarkable and is

promising for batteries.

CL 17 Tailoring of Structural Adhesive by Nano-Fillers and

Adaptation of Birefringence Methodology to Envisage Cure

Shrinkage

Krishna Enni, Arun George, Badarinath,Paul Pandian S and Sam Dayala Dev D* IISU/VSSC/ISRO, Vattiyoorkavu, Trivandrum,Kerala,India-695013

Email: krishna_enni@vssc.gov.in

Adhesive required for high precision optical resonator application should have high

shear strength and stiff enough to achieve high Q for transferring mechanical dithering in

optical sensors. On the contrary it should have low stress on bonded parts (since high

shrinkage will create optical element movement during cure as well as high stress1) and

minimum change during temperature excretion (low CTE). None of the commercially

available adhesives suit above mentioned application and very little has been published on

the application of adhesives for fastening optical elements. This study not only characterizes

relevant properties of several structural type adhesives but also tailoring of same by nano-

filler to suit the above mentioned contrasting application. This paper also deals with

development of unique test methodology to analyze the cure shrinkage induced micro

stresses developed on the optics. The bonding geometry having annular design (fig.1) will

utilize zero thermal coefficient glass bonded to metal (super invar)/ULTE glass (Zerodur).

This design will investigate stress developed directly on the bonded parts and indirectly

shrinkage of the adhesive during curing. The adhesives selected will compare more

traditional epoxies (EK 93 -Summers optical Make optical grade adhesive, H 74-Epotek

make and LCA 4-Bacon industries make) along with Ultraviolet Light (UV) cured (OP 67

Dymax make). But none of the adhesives met our application. Hence suitable adhesive has

been tailored by nano-filler. 4% (w/w) nano-silica modified adhesive has shown positive

shift in Tg (~2°C) (measured using DSC universal V 4.7A TA instruments), 20% increase in

55

lap shear strength measured in UTM (qualified for 100 g vibration levels) and 10% increase

in dither Q. In contrast stress developed on the bonded parts reduced significantly about 300

% (measured by stress analyzer Exicor 150AT HINDS), which directly explains the

reduction in cure shrinkage, since young’s modulus affected minimally by 4 % filler

loading2.The reduction of stress on the optical bonded parts improves significantly the

performance of optical sensor.

Analysis of micro stresses developed on the bonded parts by using Exicor 150 AT

Fig: Annular joint design,

References

1) John G. Daly, Damien J. Daly, Optomechanical Design and Engineering 2001,

Alson E. Hatheway, Editor, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4444 (2001) 2) Shao-Yun Fu a,*, Xi-Qiao Feng b, Bernd Lauke c, Yiu-Wing Mai d,* Composites: Part

B 39 (2008) 933–961

CL 18 Bio-based Ionic Liquid Crystalline Quaternary Ammonium

Salts: Properties and Applications

Renjith S, Talasila P. Rao and Sudha J. D* Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for

Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019,

India

Email: renjithschem@gmail.com

Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) are unique molecules having combined properties of

liquid crystals (LCs) and ionic liquids (ILs). They find applications in areas such as energy

storage devices, sensors, regioselective synthesis, anisotropic conductors, separation

membranes, power sources and so forth.1 ILCs form mesophases through various non-

covalent interactions and may exhibit properties like macroscopic orientation, ionic

conductivity and the transportation of charges in liquid crystalline phases. The nature of

mesogenic phases in ILCs is governed by the molecular shape, dimensions of the molecules

and location of the ionic parts in the molecules, molecular interactions and microphase

segregation.2Here, we describe the preparation, properties and applications of novel ionic

liquid crystalline quaternary ammonium salts (QSs) of 3-pentadecylphenol, a biobased low

Modified adhesive (18 nm) unmodified adhesive (80

nm)

56

cost material derived from cashew nut shell liquid.3 Amphotropic liquid crystalline phase

formation in QSs were characterised using a combination of techniques such as DSC, PLM,

XRD, SEM, and rheology which revealed the formation of one-,two- and three

dimensionally ordered mesophases in different length scales. Based on these results, a

plausible mechanism for the formation of specific modes of packing in various mesophases

was proposed. Observation of anisotropic ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability

suggests its application as a solid electrolyte.

Figure 1. Temperature dependent phase transitions of QSs.

References

1) Binnemans, K. Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 4148-4204.

2) Brennecke, J. F; Maginn, A. J. AIChE J. 2001, 47, 2384-2389.

3) Renjith, S; Talasila. P. Rao; Sudha, J. D. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 4126-4133.

57

Poster Abstracts

58

59

P 001 Influence of Additives on the Electrochemical Properties of

Non-Aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

A.J. Nagajothi, R. Kannan Department of Physics, Anna University,, Dindigul 624 622

The development of portable devices and electrical applications has prompted

researchers to find rechargeable batteries with high energy and power densities. Obviously,

intense research has been accelerated to find alternative lithium based-power systems across

the world. Among the systems known today, both Li/S and Li-O2 are expected to fulfill the

requirements of mankind with enhanced capacity and energy density. Nevertheless, so many

technological and scientific problems remained unsolved in Li-O2 systems. Lithium-sulfur

(Li-S) battery is one of the most promising candidates for its high theoretical specific energy

of 2600 Whkg-1

based on the lithium-sulfur redox couple.

Recent reports reveal that liquid electrolytes which is currently utilized in the Li/S cells

affect the cycle life, rate capability and sulfur utilization. Low utilization of elemental Sulfur

and poor charge/discharge performance of Li/S batteries might be due to several factors. The

discharged products in Li/S batteries are insulating polysulfide Li2Sx (1 ≤ x ≤ 8). Some of the

polysulfide will dissolve in the electrolyte. The dissolved polysulfide will deteriorate the

conductivity of electrolyte and electrode, leading to quick capacity degradation at high

charge/discharge rate. In the present study, the electrolyte additives such as LiNO3 and

toluene have been added with 1,3 Dioxolane/TEGDME and the influence of the additives on

their electrochemical properties are discussed.

P 002 Graphene-based Hybrid Nanostructured Electrodes for Li-

ion Batteries

A. G. Ashish, P. Arunkumar, Som Sarang, S. Abhin, and M. M. Shaijumon* School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Thiruvananthapuram,

India - 695016

Email: ashishag@iisertvm.ac.in

With the ever-increasing demand for energy storage, lithium ion battery has been an

attractive technology that has revolutionized the portable electronic industry.1 With its large

scale applications, such as in hybrid electric vehicles, there is great interest in developing

multifunctional hybrid nanostructured electrode materials for high performance Li-ion

batteries.2,3

Though metal oxides with high specific capacity have been extensively studied

as advanced Li-ion battery anodes, their structural instability under lithium insertion has

been of great concern.4 One of the strategies to increase the electrochemical performance is

by incorporating the anode material on the conducting carbonaceous matrix including

60

mesoporous carbon, amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphenes.5 Here, we report

the synthesis of Nb2O5 and TiNb2O7 -anchored graphene hybrid nanocomposites through

simple hydrothermal method and its electrochemical performance studies as advanced

anodes for lithium ion battery. Electrochemical characterizations such as Cyclic

voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling measurements and signature curve

analysis have been performed on these hybrid nanocomposites. The self-supported

nanostructured electrodes, with graphene as support with homogenously anchored

orthorhombic Nb2O5 (T-Nb2O5) and monoclinic TiNb2O7 nanoparticles, exhibited excellent

electrochemical performance with high reversible capacity, enhanced rate capability and

excellent rate capability, arising from the synergistic effect of nanocrystals anchored onto

conducting graphene layers. We believe these hybrid nanocomposites, with superior

electrochemical performance, can be used as efficient anode for high performance lithium

ion battery.

Keywords: Electrochemical energy storage, lithium ion battery, graphene hybrid

References

1. Tarascon, J. M.; Armand, M. Nature. 2001, 414, 359-367

2. Bruce, P. G.; Scrosati, B.; Tarascon, J. M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 2930-2946

3. Reddy, A. L. M.; Gowda, S. R.; Shaijumon, M. M.; Ajayan, P. M.; Adv. Mater., 2012,

24, 5045-5064

4. Poizot, P.; Laruelle, S.; Grugeon, S.; Dupont, L.; Tarascon, J. M.; Nature, 2000, 407,

496-499

5. Wu, Z. S.; Ren, W.; Xu, L.; Li, F.; Cheng, H. M.; ACS Nano, 2011, 5, 5463-5471

P 003 Understanding the Graphite Oxide Synthesis and Metal

Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Supercapacitor Application

Debarati Roy Chowdhury, Chanderpratap Singh and Amit Paul* Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER),

Bhopal, MP 462066, India

Email: drc@iiserb.ac.in

In 1958, Hummers reported Graphite Oxide (GO) synthesis. Understanding the

parameters those affect GO synthesis is crucial since GO is the precursor for graphene

synthesis. We investigated the role of graphite precursor and sodium nitrate during GO

synthesis. It has been found that the crystalline diameter of graphite precursor is the guiding

parameter for basal plane oxidation versus sheet edge oxidation in the synthesized GO

crystallites. A longer c-axis (axis perpendicular to the carbon layer) of the graphite crystallite

determines the degree of basal plane oxidation versus sheet edge oxidation. Furthermore, it

has been found that the addition of sodium nitrate during GO synthesis helps basal plane

61

oxidation, increases interlayer distance between graphitic layers, and reduces the crystalline

size of GO.1

We are also exploring the possibility of utilizing Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for

supercapacitor application. We have synthesised a cobalt based metal–organic-frameworks

[CoNIm(RHO)] and the material was tested for supercapacitor application using

electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammtery (CV), AC impedance, and

chronopotentiometry. The MOF showed a specific capacitance value of 263 F/gm in KOH

electrolyte.

Figure 1. Graphite oxidation

References

1) Debarati Roy Chowdhury, Chanderpratap Singh and Amit Paul* RSC Adv., 2014, 4,

15138–15145

P 004 Influence of Al Co-Dopants on the Thermoluminescenec

Spectra of SrSO4: Eu Phosphor Matrix

Jayasudha. S*

1, Resmi G Nair

1, Dr. K. Madhukumar

1, Dr.V.N. Praveen

1 and T.S.

Elias2

1Dept. of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram-695004.

2Regional Cancer Centre Thiruvananthapuram

Email: jsnair.india@gmail.com

Thermoluminescence Dosimetry is a powerful technique used for the estimation of

both high and low ionising radiations. Various models of TL suggests that the impurities

added can introduce high luminescence efficiency and to control the glow peak temperature.

In the present work, the effect of codoping with Al in the SrSO4 lattice is studied in detail.

SrSO4: Eu, Al phosphor have been irradiated using gamma-rays of Co60

and the TL glow

62

curves were recorded. The TL analysis shows that the co-doping of aluminium in the SrSO4:

Eu matrix decreases the intensity of emission but there is a significant increase in the peak

emission temperature. Inclusion of Al dramatically shifts the glow peak from 3000C to

3480C, which is desirable even though the overall efficiency is reduced. The studies are

repeated for various doses and dopant concentrations. The defect mechanism and the energy

transitions during irradiation and read out are understood from the ESR and PL spectra.

References

1) Bos A.J.J.; Radiation Measurements, 2001, 33, 751-744.

2) Gadam,S.C.; Dhoble,S.J.; Moharil,S.V.; Journal of Luminescence, 2008, 128,1-6.

P 005 Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Forest/Carbon Fiber as

Electrode/Current Collector Integrated System for Supercapacitors

Jayesh Cherusseri1, and Kamal K Kar

1, 2*

1 Advanced Nano Engineering Materials Laboratory, Materials Science Programme, Indian

Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India 2 Advanced Nano Engineering Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical

Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India

Email: jayesh@iitk.ac.in

Carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes are potential candidates to use as electrode active

materials in supercapacitors.1,2

CNT electrodes have achieved much attention due to their

high electrical conductivity, light-weight, good chemical and environmental stability, etc. In

the present study, we have used multiwalled CNT forest (MWNTF)/carbon fiber as

electrode/current collector integrated system for supercapacitors. Here, carbon fibers act as

electrode support materials, which possess good mechanical strength and good electrical

conductivity. Highly dense MWNTF were grown on catalyst-coated carbon fiber substrate.

Nickel catalyst was used and an electroless coating method was adopted for coating nickel

nanoparticles on carbon fibers. The MWNTF were grown on carbon fibers by catalytic

chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method by using acetylene/nitrogen/hydrogen gas

system. The as synthesized MWNTF/carbon fiber was directly used as electrode/current

collector integrated system for supercapacitors, without any further modification. The

supercapacitor assembled by using the MWNTF/carbon fiber integrated system was shown

excellent supercapacitive properties along with good cycling life. The supercapacitive

electrodes were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray

diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA),

impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The supercapacitor was tested by

using galvanostatic charge/discharge technique.

63

Figure 1. Multiwalled carbon nanotube forest grown on carbon fiber substrate.

References

1) Simon, P.; Gogotsi, Y. Nat. Mat., 2008, 7, 845-854.

2) Frackowiak, E.; Beguin, F; Carbon, 2001, 39, 937-950.

P 006 Polyaniline – MWNT Hybrids as High Performance Super

Capacitors

Jesna Louis

1, Remyamol T

2. , Honey John

2*

1Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India

2Department of Chemistry, IIST Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India

Email: jesna@iiserb.ac.in

The growing demand for portable systems and electric vehicles has prompted a great

interest in electrochemical capacitors also known as supercapacitors. Polyaniline, a well

known conducting polymer is considered as one of the most promising electrode materials

due to its ease of synthesis, high capacitive characteristics and low cost.1 But it exhibits poor

stability during charge/discharge process. Therefore hybrid materials based on polyaniline

with carbon nanotubes has been chosen to improve stability of polyaniline as well as to

maximize the capacitance value due to the efficient combination of high pseudo-capacitance

of polyaniline with the excellent conductivity and mechanical properties of carbon

nanotubes.2 In this work polyaniline is covalently connected to multi-walled carbon

nanotubes by a simple in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of phenylene diamine

functionalized carbon nanotubes. The hybrids are well characterized and the suitability as

electrode material for supercapacitors was tested by standard cyclic voltammetric

measurements in a three electrode electrochemical cell. The hybrid material displayed a high

specific capacitance and good cycling stability compared to the individual components

(pristine polyaniline and phenylene diamine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes),

thus shows a great potentiality as electrode material for supercapacitors.

64

References

1) Sivakkumar, S.R.; Kim, W.J.; Choi, J.-A.; MacFarlane, D.R.; Forsyth, M.; Kim, D.-W.J.

Power Sources, 171, 1062- 1068.

2) Meng, C.; Lui, C.; Fan, S. Electrochem. Commun, 11, 186- 189

P 007 Study on the Dielectric Properties of Barium tetrakis

(Maleate) Dihydrate

Lekshmi P. Nair

a,Dr.Bijini B. R.

a and Dr.DeepaM.

b

aPost Graduate Department of Physics, M.G. College, Thiruvananthapuram.

bDepa t ent of P ysi s All aints’ ollege T i uvanant apu a .

E-mail: lekshmipadma@gmail.com

Metal co-ordination compounds of dicarboxylic acids are technologically very

important as they have immense technological application. Maleic acid, a dicarboxylic acid,

is biologically important and its interaction with different metal ions opens new potentialities

with targeted properties. Barium complex of maleic acid (BM) is grown by gel method.

Dielectric properties relate to the ability of a material to polarise under the influence of an

external electromagnetic field. The study of dielectric property is concerned with the storage

and dissipation of electric and magnetic energy in materials. The frequency dependent

dielectric property of gel grownBM was studied at room temperature using a Hioki 3532

LCR Hitester meter. The variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ac conductivity

with log frequency is plotted. From the spectrum it is observed that the dielectric loss and

dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency. The high value of dielectric constant

at low frequency is attributed to the dipole and space charge polarisation. Using the results of

Single crystal XRD, UV-Visible spectrum and the value of dielectric constant at higher

frequencies, the Plasma energy, Penn Gap, Fermi energy and polarisability of the grown

crystals are calculated and tabulated.

65

P 008 Highly Porous and Thermally Stable Egg Shell Membranes

as Separator for Lithium-Ion Batteries

M. Raja* and A. Manuel Stephan ECPS Division, CSIR-CECRI, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630006, India

E-mail: rajamlcsta@gmail.com

In the last two decades, depletion of fossil fuels and related environmental issues has

prompted researchers to find alternative energy storage/conversion devices. The state-of-art

lithium-ion batteries, although, power portable electronic devices, the safety aspect is a

frightening challenge for the researchers. The membranes properties such as porosity,

tortuosity, shrinkage, wettability and ionic conductivity influence the cycling performance of

the batteries. The polyolefin membranes are widely used in the commercially available

lithium-ion batteries; however, they have several disadvantages such as low porosity (about

40%), poor wettability and unidirectional mechanical integrity. Above all, it is thermally

stable up to 135 ˚C. Egg shell membranes (ESM) have been employed as a template for the

synthesis of ZrO2 and carbonaceous materials. It has also been used as a separator for

supercapacitors in aqueous medium1-3

. So far to the best of our knowledge no attempt has

been made to employ the egg shell membranes for lithium-ion batteries in an organic

medium. In the present work, egg shell membranes were prepared as reported earlier and

their physical and electrochemical properties have been examined and the results are

compared with the commercially available Celgard 2400 membranes. ESM exhibited higher

porosity, wetability, cycling behavior than the celgard 2400 membrane.

Figure 1. The Charge-discharge behaviour of Li/CM/LiFePO4 cell at different C-rates at

25° C.

References

1) Dennis. J.; Carrino.D.; Yamashita. K.; Caplan. A.; Matrix Biol. 2000, 19, 683.

2) Yang. D.; Qi. L.; and Ma.J.; J. Mater.Chem., 2003, 13, 1119-1123

3) Yu. H.; Tang. Q.; Wu. J.; Lin. J.; Fan.; Huang. M.; Lin. J.; Li. Y.; Yu. F.; J. Power

Sources, 2012, 206, 463-468.

66

P 009 Fabrication and Characterization of Counter Electrodes

based on Polyaniline/Graphene Hybrids for Dye Sensitized Solar

Cell Applications

NalluriAbhishek, Remyamol T, Honey, John* Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India

Email: nalluri.abhishek@gmail.com

The dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) play a leading role in third generation

photovoltaic devices. Platinum-loaded conducting glass has been widely exploited as the

standard counter electrode (CE) for DSSCs. However, the high cost limits its practical

applications in DSSCs. So researchers are trying to develop DSSCs using cheaper and

abundant materials. Polyaniline with low cost and good electrocatalytic activity for triiodide

reduction can be a good alternative.1 The performance of DSSCs can be further augmented

by using hybrids of polyaniline with graphene materials as CEs due to the synergetic

combination of excellent conductivity and surface area of graphene with the electrocatalytic

activity of polyaniline.2

Herein polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide hybrids with covalent

connections are synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the

presence of phenylenediamine functionalized reduced graphene oxide. The hybrid materials

are characterized and CEs for DSSC are fabricated on FTO glasses. The performance of the

DSSCs with the hybrid CEs are compared with DSSC with Platinum CE under illumination

of AM 1.5 simulated solar light (100Mw/ .

References

1) Ameen, S.; Akhtar, M. S.; Kim, Y. S.; Yang, O. B.; Shin, H. S. J. phys. Chem.,2010,

114,4760-4764.

2) Wang, Y. S.; Li, S. M.; Hsiao, S. T.; HaoLiao, W.; Yang, S. Y.; Tien, H. W.; Chen-Chi,

M. Ma.; Hu, C.C. J. Power Sources, 2014,260, 326-337.

P 010 Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline-reduced

Graphene Oxide Hybrid for visible light photocurrent generation

Phani Kiran K , Remyamol T.

, Honey John*

Department of Chemistry, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India

Email: Kiran210305@gmail.com

The optoelectronic and light harvesting applications of graphene are of particular

interest for academic, technological and industrial sectors. A major challenge in developing

light harvesting devices is the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and

67

the transfer of electron to the electrode. Graphene is a promising electron acceptor material

for the photocurrent generating devices due to its high specific surface area, tunable bandgap

and the higher linear in-plane dimensions (approximately 5 µm) compared to the thickness

(0.34 nm). Conducting polymer/graphene hybrids are a major class of composite materials

for the fabrication of donor/acceptor based electronic devices1-2

. Among conducting

polymers, polyaniline being an excellent organic conductor with good environmental

stability and low cost, has often been used to make composite with carbonaceous materials,

especially with graphene. In this work an inexpensive polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide

hybrids are synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of synthesized

graphite oxide followed by in situ reduction of graphite oxide by hydrothermal method.

Hybrids are well characterized using TGA, UV, FTIR and XRD measurements. Dc-

conductivity of the samples is studies by standard four-probe method. Significant electron

transfer between polyaniline and GONH2 is evidenced by the photoluminescence quenching

of polyaniline after hybrid formation. The hybrid shows considerable improvement in dc-

conductivity and photocurrent compared to pure polyaniline.

References

1) Li, S.-S.; Tu, K.-H.; Lin, C.-C.; Chen C.-W.; Chhowalla, M. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 3169-

3174.

2) Liu, Q.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, X.; Yang, L.; Zhang, N.; Pan, G.; Yin, S.; Chen Y.; Wei, J. Adv.

Fun. Mater. 2009, 19, 894-904.

P 011 Effect of Co-activation on TL of CaSO4: Tm Phosphor

Resmi G Nair*

1 , Jayasudha. S

1, Dr. K. Madhukumar

1 and T.S. Elias

2

1Dept. of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram-695004.

2Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram

Email : resminair1@gmail.com

Dosimetric properties of some well known Thermoluminescent (TL) phosphor

materials such as CaSO4: Dy; CaSO4: Tm CaSO4: Eu and CaF2: Dy are highly attractive.

This has resulted in the wide- spread use of these materials in dosimetric applications

including environmental and personal monitoring.1,2

Effect of Co-activation on TL of

CaSO4: Tm phosphor is reported in this paper. For characterization of phosphors scanning

electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra

were carried out. The prepared sample was subjected to high energy radiation with dosage

vary from .5Gy to 10Gy for TL analysis. The dependence of TL response on dose variation

is analysed. Thermoluminescence (TL) property of the prepared phosphor is compared with

that of standard TLD and it is comparatively good. Under photoluminescence study the

incorporation of co-dopants with the characteristic photoluminescence spectra in CaSO4: Tm

host is confirmed. The SEM characterization shows the surface morphology resulted after

preparation.

68

References

1) Wani, J. A.; Atone, M. S.; Dhoble, N. S.; Dhoble. S. J.; Journal of Luminescence, 2013,

134,640–648

2) Shinsho, K.; Watanabe, E; Urushiyama, A; J. Appl. Phys., 2006, 100, 093514.

P 012 Synthesis of Cobalt (II) Graphene Nano Composites Using

Microwave Synthesizer for Fuel Cell Applications

Richa Baronia

1, S. P. Singh

2 , R.K. Seth

1, A. K. Srivastava

2, S. K. Singhal*

1

1Physics and Engineering of Carbon ,

2 Electron and Ion Microscopy

Physics and Engineering of Carbon, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-

110012, India Email: richabaronia3@gmail.com

We present microwave assisted facile synthesis of cobalt supported graphene nano-

composites by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of cobalt(II) chloride

using hydrazine hydrate as the main reducing agent. In order to achieve a complete reduction

of GO, the reduction was assisted by using 50 vol% ammonium hydroxide. The use of

microwave accelerated the reduction process as well as controlled the particle size of cobalt

nanoparticles and its morphology. It was observed that the degree of reduction of GO was

higher in presence of mixture of ammonium hydroxide (50%) in hydrazine hydrate

compared to hydrazine hydrate alone. The synthesized cobalt supported on graphene

nanocomposites (Co-rGO) Co-GO were characterized using FTIR, UV-vis, XRD, Raman

Spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The electrocatalytic properties

of synthesized nanocomposite were studied on methanol oxidation in acidic medium using

Cyclic Voltametry. The plot for square root of scan rate vs peak current indicates that

electrochemical reactions at the electrode are controlled by diffusion processes. The

enhanced oxygen reduction properties were observed for the Co-rGO nanocomposite and

may be attributed to the presence of hydroxy groups. The present synthesis method is cost

effective and allows rapid synthesis of Co-rGO nanocomposite with better electrocatalytic

properties which may be used as alternative to conventional catalyst (Pt,Pd) used in DMFC

(Direct Methanol Fuel Cell).

References

1) Ahmed A. Elzatahry, Aboubakr M. Abdullah,, Taher A. Salah El-Din, Abdullah M. Al-

Enizi1, Ahmed A. Maarouf, Ahmed Galal, Hagar K. Hassan, Ekram H. El-Ads, Salem S.

Al-Theyab and Attiah A Al-Ghamdi, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2012, 7, 3115 – 3126.

69

P 013 Titania Aerogel-Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposites

for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

S. Alwin

1, G. Sahaya Dennish Babu

1, X. Sahaya Shajan*

1, K.G.K. Warrier

2

1Centre for Scientific and Applied Research (C-SAR), PSN College of Engineering and

Technology, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli-627152, Tamilnadu 2Emeritus Scientist (CSIR), National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology

(NIIST), Trivandrum – 695019, Kerala

E-mail: shajan89@gmail.com

Titania aerogels are considered to be a potential material in photocatalysis and

energy conversion due to its high surface area and mesoporous structure. The hydrophilic

nature and surface area of this material are responsible for chemisorption of dye molecules in

dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Therefore, it is necessary to design a material

with high surface area and hydrophilic nature. Here in the present study, we have

synthesized titania aerogel-MOF nanocomposite by sol-gel method. The nanocomposite was

characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, x-ray diffraction,

FT-IR and UV spectroscopy and CHN elemental analysis. The composite formation was

confirmed from the presence of C, H, and N in nanocomposite material using elemental

analysis. XRD pattern confirmed the anatase phase of titania in nanocomposite. A reduction

in bandgap was observed for nanocomposite, compared to tiatnia aerogel, which increases

the photon absorption range of this material. The dye adsorption study indicates the possible

use of this composite material in DSSCs.

References

1) X. Chen, S. S. Mao, Chem. Rev. 2007, 1072891-2959

2) Z. Ulker, I. Erucar, S. Keskin, C. Erkey, Microporous and Mesoporous

Materials, 2013 , 170, 352-358

3) S. C. Sahoo, T. Kundu, R. Banerjee, J.Am.Chem.Soc. 2011,13, 17950-17958

P 014 Studies on Structural, Catalytic and Electrical Properties of

Alkaline Earth Ferrites A2Fe2O5 (Ba, Ca and Sr) Having

Brownmillerite Structures

T. Vijayaraghavan, K. Kavitha, M. Bradha, Anuradha Ashok* Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641 004, India

E mail:anu.machina@gmail.com

Ferrites are class of oxides with remarkable, which have been explored and applied

during the last ~50 years.1 Among ferrites Brownmillerite-type compounds (A2B2O5 and

70

A2BB’O5) are the most frequently studied oxygen-deficient materials. Brownmillerite-type

structures exhibit two different layers, alternately stacked: (1) perovskite-like sheets of

octahedrally coordinated B cations and (2) layers of BO4 tetrahedra, which are corner-linked

to form parallel zweier single chains.2 In this work we present the synthesis, characterization

and electrical properties of ferrites A2Fe2O5 (A is Ba, Ca and Sr) prepared by solid state

reaction method (high energy ball milling). After 20h milling, the powder was subjected to

thermal analysis to identify the temperature range of oxide phase formation. Based on

thermal analysis the powders were calcined separately at 800°C for 2h. X-ray diffraction

studies of the calcined powders confirm the Brownmillerite structure. The pellets of each

individual composition sintered at 1000°C for 4h are subjected to structural and

morphological characterizations. The total conductivity of the ferrites is studied through

impedance analysis.

References

1) R. Valenzuela, Physics Research International 2012, Volume 2012 (), Article ID

591839.

2) Kruger. H, J. Solid State Chem. 2009, 182, 1515–1523.

P 015 X-ray Photoelectron spectra of LaCo 0.6Fe 0.4O3 perovskite by

citrate sol gel autocombustion method

U.Meghaa, K.Shijina

a, George Varghese

b*

aDepartment of Physics, University of Calicut, Kerala- 673635, India

b Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Thiruvananthapuram,

Kerala-695004, India

Email:meghaunikoth@gmail.com

Thermoelectric materials are those which can convert heat energy to electrical

energy and viseversa. Oxide materials have received great attention due to their, good

electrical properties and comparatively low thermal conductivity.1 The lanthanum based

perovskites compounds were widely preferred as thermoelectric materials of this class.2 In

this study, LaCo0.6Fe0.4O3 (LCFO) peroskites were synthesized by citrate sol gel auto-

combustion method, whcih is a modified Pechini method based on the polyesterification of

citric acid and ethylene glycol. The perovskite phase was attained by calcination at 700°C

and sintering at 900°C. The powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDAX and XPS.

The XRD result shows that LCFO has rhombhohedral crystal structure with R-3C space

group. Dense microstructure with well shaped grain boundaries were obtained from SEM.

From XPS, La 3d peak positions (833.9 & 850.7eV for La 3d5/2 & 3d3/2), Co 2p ( 780 &

795eV for 2p3/2 & 2p1/2), Fe 2p ( 710 & 724 eV for Fe 2p3/2 & 2p1/2 ) and O 1s peaks( 529 &

531 eV) were obtained.

71

References

1) Mercouri G., Kanatzidis, Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 648–659.

2) Vulchev V., Vassilev, L., Harizanova, S., Khristov, M.; Zhecheva, E., Stoyanova,

R., J. Phys. Chem. C. 2012, 116,13507−13515

P 016 Max Phase Thermal Fluids Via A Facile Direct Exfoliation

Technique for Enhanced Heat Transfer Applications

K.V. Mahesh, V. Linsha, R. Rashada, and S. Ananthakumar * Functional Materials Section, Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute

for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum -695019, Kerala

Enhanced heat transfer is critically important in high temperature boilers and heat

exchangers. Use of conventional heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol or oil has

poor thermo-physical properties.1 Nanofluids co-dispersed with high thermal conducting

nanostructures can considerably increase the thermal conductivity, long-term stability, and

prevention of clogging in micro-channels.

Ti3SiC2, the most promising and most studied ternary carbide material belong to

MAX phase family having the general formula of Mn+1AXn, (where n = 1 to 3, M is an early

transition metal, A is an A-group element (mostly IIIA and IVA, or groups 13 and 14) and X

is either carbon and/or nitrogen has attractively ‘ceramic-metallic’ properties.2 Use of

Ti3SiC2 as heat transfer enhancing co-filler in thermal fluid is not attempted so far. The

ultrathin nanosheets of Ti3SiC2 can improve the thermal conductivity as well as introduce

lubricating property. In the present work we synthesized ultrathin MAX phase nanosheets

out of Ti3SiC2 material from the bulk Ti3SiC2 by shear induced exfoliation followed

ultrasonication and centrifugation. The fluid properties were studied for the particle size,

surface potential, TEM, viscosity and thermal conductivity.

References

1) Taha-Tijerina J., Narayanan T. N., Gao G., Rohde M., Tsentalovich D. A., Pasquali M.,

Ajayan P. M. ACS NANO 2012, 6, 1214-1220

2) Barsoum M. W., El-Raghy T. Am. Sci. 2001, 89, 334-343.

72

P 017 Self-healing Si-B-C Ceramics from Silicon/Boron Modified

Phenolic Resins for High Temperature Application

Ganesh Babu T, Renjith Devasia* Ceramic Matrix Products Division, Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, PCM

Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO, Kerala, India-690522

E-mail: ganesh_babu@vssc.gov.in

C/SiC Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are promising materials for use in

thermo-structural applications. Silicon carbide (SiC) is used as a matrix for C/SiC CMCs

because of its superior hardness and stiffness, oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures,

etc., 1

. Compared to Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) and Polymer Infiltration and

Pyrolysis (PIP) process for formation of SiC, Reaction Bonding method i.e., Reaction-

Bonded Silicon Carbide (RBSC) has some unique advantages, such as short manufacturing

cycles and low processing temperature2. One of the principal factors affecting the

performance of RBSC is its oxidation behaviour, which leads to failure of the components.

The oxidation resistance can be improved by the use of pure boron or B4C or a ternary Si–B–

C (B4C-SiC) component with pure SiC which act as self-healing materials. In this work we

have evaluated the potential of Si-B-C ceramics derived from silicon/boron modified

phenolic resin as self-healing matrix in high temperature applications.

Boron Modified Phenol formaldehyde resin (BPF) was synthesized by reacting boric

acid with phenol formaldehyde resin using N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The

concentration of boric acid was varied from 5 to 30 pph. The structural characterization of

cured BPF was done by FTIR, which reveals that boric acid chemically reacted with phenol

formaldehyde resin by the formation of B–O–C bond at 1385 cm-1

. Boron Modified Phenolic

Resin was sintered with and without silicon at 1450°C in argon atm to get Si-B-C and B-C

ceramics respectively. The XRD peaks of the sintered B-C and Si-B-C ceramics verified the

formation of boron carbide and silicon tetra boride respectively. Raman spectroscopy was

used to characterize the free carbon present in the B-C ceramic. By calculating the ID/IG and

crystallite size (La); it was observed that, boron atom acted as a catalyst for the phase

transformation of glassy carbon (BPF-0) to graphitic carbon (BPF-30).

Isothermal oxidation of Si-B-C ceramics at 1000°C for 1hr in air was investigated

and weight changes were measured to estimate the oxidation resistance and nature of the

oxide layers on the Si-B-C ceramics. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis

(XRD), silicon oxide (SiO2) and boron oxide (B2O3) were present on the surface of ceramics

which can act as self-healing layer.

References

1) Qiang Liua, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2014, Volume 71, 13–16

2) Wang,Y. X., Carbon, 2004, Volume 42, 1833–1839.

73

P 018 Synthesis and Ceramic Conversion Studies of Si-Zr-C-N

Ceramic Precursors for Ultra High Temperature Applications

Sandhya G Nair, Subramania Siva, Sreejith K.J, Renjith Devasia* Ceramic Matrix Products Division, Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, PCM

Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, ISRO, Kerala, India-690522

Email: g_sandhya@vssc.gov.in

Polymer precursor route for the synthesis of advanced ceramics has attracted

considerable interest due to their exceptional high temperature stability and oxidation

resistance. Silicon containing ternary systems such as siliconoxycarbide (SiOC) and silicon

carbonitride (SiCN) ceramics which are synthesized via polymer precursor route exhibit high

temperature stability and excellent creep and oxidation resistance1. In addition to ternary

systems, development of quaternary silicon based systems through polymer precursor route

has also gained immense interest due to their improved oxidation resistance, hot corrosion

and thermal stability2.

In the present work, polyzirconosilazane (PZrS) with varying Zr to Si ratios were

synthesized by the chemical reaction of 2, 4, 6-trimethyl-2, 4, 6-tri vinyl cyclotrisilazane

(CTS) with zirconium (IV) propoxide. Zirconium (IV) propoxide was chemically coupled

with CTS at the N-H bonds to form a crosslinked polymer. The reaction mechanism was

studied using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy which indicates the reaction of zirconium

propoxide at the N-H group of cyclotrisilazane. Thermo gravimetric analysis was used to

investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics of zirconium modified silzane

precursors. The ceramic conversion studies of the modified precursors were done at a

temperature above 1400°C under nitrogen atmosphere and characterized using Raman and

X-ray diffraction. Ceramics obtained at 1450°C indicate the presence of ZrO2, ZrC and

amorphous SiCN phase. PZrS11 (Zr:CTS=1:1) heat treated at 1650°C produced mixed oxide

non oxide ceramic (ZrO2, ZrC, SiC, ZrN, Si3N4) while the rest of the polymers

(PZrS12,PZrS14,PZrs16) gave non oxide ultra high temperature ceramic phases.

Nature of the free carbon in the ceramic was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy.

PZrS11 heat treated at 1650°C indicated the presence of amorphous carbon as well as bands

in the region from 100-700cm-1

, which is assigned to zirconia. Typical D & G absorption

bands were observed at 1360 cm-1

and 1600 cm-1

, indicate the presence of free carbon in the

ceramic. Surface morphology of the PZrS derived ceramic samples were investigated by

SEM-EDS. From the study it is concluded that higher silazne content favors the formation of

ultra high temperature non-oxide ceramics. Potential of these metal modified silazane

precursor as single phase oxidation resistance ceramic coatings and ultra high temperature

matrix resin are under evaluation.

References

1) Colombo, J.Am.Ceram.Soc. 2010,93,1805-1837

2) Ionescu, J.Am.Ceram.Soc. 2010,93,241-250.

74

P 019 Preparation of macroporous alumina ceramics by freeze

gelation of hydrogenated vegetable oil-in-aqueous alumina slurry

emulsions

Sujith Vijayan, R. Narasimman and K. Prabhakaran* Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,

Thiruvananthapuram- – 695 547, India.

Email: sujithvijayan.88@gmail.com

Macroporous ceramics are increasingly used as high temperature thermal insulation, light

weight structural materials, filter media for molten metal’s, catalyst support etc. Emulsion

templating is one of the methods used to prepare macroporous ceramics with controlled pore

structure and uniform pore size. In the present work, hydrogenated vegetable oil-in-aqueous

alumina slurry (HVO-in-AAS) emulsions with HVO to AAS volume ratios in the range 1.34

to 2.69 were prepared by mechanically mixing 30 vol. % alumina slurry containing

carrageenan gelling agent with HVO containing sodium dodecyl sulphate emulsifying agent

at 85 oC. The emulsions cast in the mould undergo gelation on cooling to room temperature

due to the solidification of HVO and physical cross-linking of the carrageenan. Macroporous

ceramics obtained by drying, HVO removal followed by sintering at 1500 oC of the gelled

emulsion bodies had porosity in the range of 70.7 to 84 % and contain cells of spherical to

polygonal shape. The average cell

interconnectivity increased with an increase in HVO to AAS volume ratio and mixing speed.

The macroporous alumina bodies had high compressive strength (6.5 to 39.6 MPa) and

Young’s modulus (350 to 2352 MPa).

Figure 1: SEM photomicrograph of sintered alumina ceramic

75

P 020 Aqueous Tape Casting of Ultra High Temperature Ceramics

(ZrB2) for Aerospace Applications

R Mahesh Babu*, Anil Kumar#, N M Gokhale*, Dr. R S Hastak*,

*Ceramics Department, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India – 421506

#Ceramic Matrix Composites Division, Advanced Systems Laboratory, Hyderabad, India –

500058

Email: matrixbabu@gmail.com

UHTC’s are diborides, carbides and nitrides of group IVB and VB transition metals.

UHTC’s have high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance and

corrosion resistance at temperatures >3000oC and are widely used for high temperature

structural applications, including hypersonic flight, rocket propulsion systems, nose caps

etc.ZrB2 is advantageous over other UHTC’s for aerospace applications as it has got lower

theoretical density (6.09gm/cc) and is comparatively inexpensive. Aqueous tape casting is

eco-friendly and cost-effective process for making multi-layered structures with complex

geometries. But the process has very limited tolerance to processing parameters such as

composition and drying conditions. Aqueous tape casting of UHTC (ZrB2) powder was

investigated. Dispersion of ZrB2 powder in water was studied and characterized in terms of

zeta potential analysis and rheological measurements. Customized aqueous formulation with

a high solid content (up to 40 vol%) was prepared. Tapes up to 500 microns thick with

smooth surface finish, homogeneity and flexibility were obtained.

Figure 1: Rheological behaviour of aqueous slurry of ZrB2

References 1) Zhihui Lu, Donglian Jiang, Jingxian Zhang and Qingling Lin, “Aqueous tape casting of

Zirconium Diboride”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2009, 92 [10] 2212-2217

2) Sea-Hoon Lee and Yoshio Sakka, “Dispersion behavior of ZrB2 powder in aqueous

solution”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2007, 90[11]3455-3459

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Vis

cosi

ty, m

Pa.

s

Shear rate, s-1

76

P 021 Effect of Substrates on the Preparation of TiZrN Thin Films

Prepared by Mid Frequency Sputtering Technique

A. Kavitha

1*, R. Kannan

2 and S. Loganathan

3

1*,2 Department of Physics, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Dindugal,

TamilNadu – 624622, India. 3Ion Plating, Titan Industries Ltd, Hosur, TamilNadu – 635126, India

Email: kavithasep.venkatesan@gmail.com

Present work involves with the preparation of Titanium Zirconium Nitride (TiZrN)

thin films on SS (304L grade), glass and HSS substrates by mid frequency reactive

sputtering method. Pure Titanium (Ti) hollow cylinder and Zirconium (Zr) was used as the

target. The substrates were ion etched to remove contaminants on the substrate after loading

into the deposition chamber. This is followed by deposition of Ti and Zr co-sputtered to have

a base layer to improve the adhesion of the coating. Nitrogen was introduced into vacuum

chamber through mass flow controller and TiZrN deposition were carried out by 80 minutes.

The other deposition parameters were kept constant. The Ti and Zr cathodes were driven by

a frequency of 100 kHz. The substrate rotation and substrate temperature was maintained at

3 rpm and 200˚C respectively.

XRD profile of the TiZrN thin films prepared a different substrates conforms cubic

phase with preferred orientation (111) plane. The optical reflectance of the TiZrN thin films

have been measured in the visible and NIR region. The wear resistance and Vickers hardness

of the TiZrN thin films have been investigated and discussed. The surface morofological

features of the TiZrN thin films have been investigated from AFM and SEM.

P 022 Fe2O3-TiO2-Hydroxyapatite Layer Coatings on 316-L SS

Orthopeadic Implants for Enhanced Bone Bonding Ability

SujaMathai* PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram,

Kerala, 695015, India

Email: sujamathaikunnath@gmail.com

Eventhough the hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on 316-L SS implants obtained by

electrodeposition process has better corrosion resistance and bioactivity than the 316-L SS

alone, the adhesive strength of the HAp coating to the substrate is still a problem. The

biocompatible Fe2O3-TiO2-HAp trilayer layer coating on 316L SS metal substrate with

improved adhesion strength is fabricated by a simple two step processes: Thermal

decomposition of FeCl3/isopropanol, then TiCl4/isopropanol and finally electrodeposition of

CaP, followed by alkaline and heat treatment at 600 °C1,2

. The coatings were subjected for

77

various physical and electrochemical characterization techniques under aggressive

conditions to evaluate the adhesive strength and fracture toughness of the coatings. At

optimized process parameters, the tri-layer developed consists of dense, thin and crystalline

titania interlayer with porous, thick and crystalline HAp top layer. The heat treatment of tri-

layer coating allows elemental intermixing at the interface of TiO2 and Hap. Surface and

topographical analysis including SEM and AFM were also carried after biomimetic growth.

The results of elemental analysis of the SBF solution and electrochemical characterization

techniques used at different stages revealed that compared to monolithic HAp coating, the

Fe2O3-TiO2-HAp tri-layer coating shows significant enhancement in the adhesion strength,

corrosion resistance as well as biocompatibility. The steep increase in adhesion strength is

believed to be due to mechanical interlocking and diffusion bonding at the interface. An in

vitro cytotoxicity test using direct contact method was also performed and was found to be

non-cytotoxic to the fibroblast cells.

Figure 1. AFM - the three dimensional image of Fe2O3-TiO2-HAp tri-layer coating

References

1) Shibli, S.M.A.; Mathai, S.; J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2008, 19,2971–2981.

2) Robler, S.; Sewing, A.; Stolzel. M; J. Biomed Mater. Res., 2003, 66A, 411-416.

P 023 Effect of Sb-Si addition on Morphology and Mechanical

Properties of Mg Alloys

Durgadas.M, G.Ramachandran, U.T.S Pillai* NIIST,Papanacode,Trivandrum

Email: durgadasmanghat@gmail.com

The present study aims to investigate the effect of Sb-Si addition on morphology and

mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Silicon addition of 0.5wt%, 1wt% and 2wt %

respectively, were added to Mg-2%Sb binary alloy . For Mg-2%Sb binary alloy, Mg3Sb2 in

78

form of a white rod precipitate is observed. From the optical results it can be inferred that the

Mg3Sb2intermetallics interrupts the dendritic structure of α-Mg (the grey matrix) and refines

the grain. The main reason for the grain refinement is that the melting temperature of the

inter-metallic compound Mg3Sb2 which formed from Sb and Mg is very high ,thus,it

precipitates and crystallize first from the melt during the molten metal solidification.Mg2Si

phase in form of a Chinese Script shape developed as a result of Si addition improve the

tensile strength of the alloy. The phases are confirmed by SEM anlaysis.Silicon addition

above 1% modifies the Chinese script shaped Mg2Si in to a polygon shaped intermetallics

which inturn reduces the tensile strength of the alloy. Hardness value is found to increase by

Silicon addition and is attributed to the hard Mg2Si intermetallics. Analysis of necking is

behaviour of the alloy is done in Comsol Multiphysics Software assuming an Isotropic

hardening model. It can be inferred from the analysis that Mg2Si intermetallic reduces the

plasticity of the alloy.

Figure 1. SEM image of Mg-2%Sb-2%Si alloy

References

1) A Srinivasan, J.Swaminathan,Material Science and Engineering A 2010, 527,1395-1403..

2) Zhang Jin-Shan,Zhang Zhao-gaung,Zhang Yu-hua et.al.,Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China

2010, 20 ,377-382.

79

P 024 Influence of Loading Condition on Stress Intensity Factor

Determination of Threaded Bolt

S. Suresh Kumar

1 C.Chenna Kesavan

2 R. Gowtham Prabu*

3

1 Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering,

Kalavakkam- 603110,ssk.iitm@gmail.com 2,3

UG students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering,

Kalavakkam- 603110,

Email: gowthamprabu11111@gmail.com

Generally cracks initiate at the free surface, at points of high stress concentration

such as, root of the thread, thread to shank run out region, tool mark on the surface and at

locations where there is a sharp change in size and shape of the bolt. Thus there is a need to

evaluate the crack tip stresses to determine the residual life of the bolt. The crack tip stress

fields are determined by stress intensity factor (SIF). In the present work an attempt has been

made to determine the effect of loading condition on SIF determination of inclined crack at

the root of the thread using numerical method. Crack depth ratio of 0.1 to 0.5 and crack

inclination angles varying from 00 to 67.5

0 were considered. Three different loading

conditions such as, far field loading, nut loading and thread face loading were considered.

The crack region was partitioned from the geometry to apply fine mesh around the crack tip

and a 20 node quadratic brick element was used to mesh the crack region. Mixed mode SIF

was determined for various values of crack inclination angles and crack depth ratios. The

magnitude of the load applied was kept constant (100 MPa) in all the cases. Lower values of

SIF is observed for straight cracks subjected to thread face loading compared to other two

loading conditions. SIF values estimated for a direct nut loading condition is lower at short

crack depth due to higher stress concentration at the thread root region whereas SIF values of

far field loading condition increases with crack depth ratio. As the angle of inclination

increases, SIF values found to be decreased which may be due to reduction of crack opening

displacement with inclination.

Key Words - Stress Intensity Factor (SIF), Crack depth ratio, Geometry correction factor,

Nut loading, Far field loading, Thread face loading.

80

Figure 1: Thread root with a line crack nomenclature

References

1) J.R. Yates. Zanganeh,R.A. Tomlinson,M.W. Brown,F.A. Diaz Garrido, Journal

of Engineering fracture mechanics 2008, 75, Pages 319-330.

2) M. Guagliano, M. Pau, Journal of Tribology International 2007, 40, Pages

1147–116

P 025 Finite Element Analysis for Design Analysis and Selection of

Three Aluminium Piston Alloys

Saravanan S, Gopakumar S, M Ravi* NIIST,Papanacode,Trivandrum

Email: saravanansnair@gmail.com

In this paper stress distribution and thermal analysis of three standard aluminum

piston alloys were studied by using finite element method (FEM). The parameters used for

this simulation are material properties, operating gas pressure and temperature at boundary

surface. Engine used for this study is a four stroke single cylinder petrol engine of hero

Honda Splender plus. The analytical design of three piston alloy having the above

specification of petrol engine is used. The piston modeling is done in Solidworks software

and analysis is done in Comsol. Maximum stress, temperature and deformation in critical

region on the different aluminum alloy pistons is predicted. The importance of this analysis

is to find the critical area of concentrated study. The best aluminum alloy material is selected

based on the result of stress analysis.

81

.

Figure 1. Surface temperature image of aluminium piston(Comsol FE Analysis)

References

1) Thermal stress analysis of diesel engine Piston, B R Ramesh and Kishan Naick,

International conference on Challenges and opportunities in Mechanical Engineering,

Industrial engineering and management studies (ICCMIM-2012),11-13 July

2) Thermal Effect on diesel engine piston and piston compression rings, Dr Ahammad Al

Beiruthi.Dr Basim M, Engg & Tech Journal 2009,VOl 27,No 8.

P 026 Fatigue Analysis of A319 Alloy for Connecting Rod

Shabeer.T.S, Santhoshkumar.S.V ,M.C.Shaji NIIST,Pappanamcode,Trivandrum,kerala

Email: Shabeerts007@gmail.com

Now a days fatigue failure becomes a major challenge in the automotive parts. Cast

iron are widely using for the manufacture of connecting rod. Aluminium alloys now

replacing the cast iron due to its light weight ,wear resistance and strength by the addition of

other metals. Mg addition gives the alloy high strength and improved fatigue resistance

strength.0.2% Mg addition with two stage solutioning of heat treatment improved its

mechanical properties due to the formation of Mg2Si phase, which is suitable for the

automobile production, there by decreasing the over all weight of engine. In this paper , the

stress and forces in the connecting rod studied and designed a connecting rod in Al 319

alloy.

82

Figure 1. Stress in connecting rod in one crank rotation

References

1) Emma Sjolander,Salem Seifeddine. Journal of Materials Processing Technology

2010,210, 1249-1259

2) F.J. Tavitas-Medrano, J.E.Gruzleski, F.H. Samuel, S.Valtierra, H.W.Doty. Materials

Science and Engineering 2008, A 480, 356–364.

P 027 Investigative study on Metallurgical properties of Drill bits

used in Oil Well Drilling

Alex Bernard* Department of Well Engineering, International College of Engineering and Management,

Seeb, P.O.2511, Sultanate of Oman

Email: alexsaljona@gmail.com

Drill bits play a vital role in determining the efficient performance of oil rigs .The bit

is the most basic tool used by the drilling engineer, and the selection of the best bit and bit

operating conditions is one of the basic problem that he faces. The metallurgy of the bit and

shape is selected based on the formations where they are used. 1The commonly used drill bit

materials are steel, tungsten carbide, natural diamond and synthetic diamonds such as

polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and thermally stable polycrystalline (TSP).2The bit

type selected has a large effect on rate of penetration(ROP).

Unfortunately, the selection of the best available bit for the job can be determined only by

trial and error. 3The most valid criterion for comparing the performance of various bits is the

drilling cost per unit interval drilled. 4The stress concentration, speed of loading, temperature

and thermal shocks are the major reasons leading the failure of drill bit materials.

This paper focus on the investigation of metallurgical properties of above mentioned

materials and its efficiency while operating in various formations. 5It also highlights the

performance of hybrid bits which has taken the unique properties of each of the various

83

materials and combined them on one bit. The paper concludes with suggesting an optimum

model for material selection comparing with rate of penetration and cost.

References

1) Joanne Liou. Drilling Contractor,2012,68,34-45.

2) Jonathan Dunlop; Rustam Istangulov; Walt Aldred. Drilling Contractor, 2011,

67, 80-86.

3) Kaite MazerovDrilling Contractor,2013, 69,138-145.

4) Kate Van Dyke, The Bit. Petroleum Extension Service, 1995.

5) Adam T. Bourgoyne Jr.Applied Drilling Engineering. Society of Petroleum

Engineers,2003

P 028 Structural Study of Glass Forming Compositions in Binary

CuXZr1-X Alloy Using Molecular Dynamics

Anik Shrivastava1, M M Khandpekar

2, D S Gowtam

1, V P Deshmukh

1

1Naval Materials Research Lab, Shil- Badlpapur Road, Ambernath , Maharashtra 421506

2Birla College, Murbad Road, Kalyan , Maharashtra 421304

Email:anikshrivastava05@gmail.com

We have carried out Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD) on binary Cu1-XZrX

(X= 46,50, 62) system. All Simulations were done in isobaric-isothermal (NPT) ensemble

using embedded atom potentials provided by Mendelev with in large-scale atomic/molecular

massively parallelsimulator (LAMMPS). Our Model consists of randomly distributed 4000

Copper and Zirconiumatoms with in cubic cell under periodic boundary conditions.

Initiallythis alloy system was fullycrystalline thus heated at very higher temperature i.e.

2500K, to remove its crystalline signature,then it was equilibrated at 20ps to make system

homogeneous, after holding for enough time it wasrapidly cooled down to 200K with

cooling rate of 1012 K/s at MD time step of 1 fs (10-15 s).Information about volume

variation was collected from heating and cooling curves. Radial Distribution Functions

(RDF) were calculated for all temperature range and their variation withrespect to

temperature reveals the structural features our alloy system. Splitting in the second peak

of RDFs is an indication that glass phase has formed.

Keywords: Molecular Dynamics, Radial Distribution function, LAMMPS

84

P 029 Investigations on the Densification Behaviour and

Mircostructural Features of Spray Granulated Lanthanum

Phosphate Ceramics

M. Midhun, M. Firoz Khan, K. Shijina, K. V. Arun Kumar, S. Sankar, K. G. K.

Warrier and U. S. Hareesh* Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary

Science and Technology, Industrial Estate PO, Thiruvananthapuram-695019

Email: hareesh@niist.res.in

Lanthanum phosphate, a common material in the family of rare earth phosphate,

possesses excellent high temperature phase stability, low thermal conductivity, good

corrosion resistance and high thermal expansion coefficient. A host of preparative techniques

have been developed to synthesise lanthanum phosphate particles of controlled size,

morphology and composition. Sol gel methods of synthesis results in the formation of LaPO4

nanorods of 15-20 nm diamter and ~1 micron length. Compaction processing of such

nanorods often fail to achieve the desired levels of densification required for applications.

The present work thus reports on the spray granulation of lanthanum phosphate nanorods and

their subsequent compaction and sintering to dense monoliths. Slurries obtained by the

dispersion of LaPO4 in water in presence of a suitable binder was spray dried under

optimised conditions to obtain granules of sizes in the range of 10-30 microns. The granules

are compacted to discs of 20 mm diamter and 5mm thickness. Sintering has been performed

under pressureless conditions in the range of 1200-1500°C. The densification results and the

microstrctural features are presented and analysed.

Figure 1. Spray dried granules of LaPO4 obtained from an aqueous slurry of LaPO4

nanorods

85

References 1) Komban Rajesh; Palantavida Shajesh; Olaf Seidel; Poothayil Mukundan; Krishna G. K.

Warrier, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2007, 17, 1682–1690.

2) Turchiuli, C.; Gianfrancesco, A.; Palzer, S.; Dumoulin, E., Powder Technology, 2011, 208

433–440.

3) Cao, X. Q.; Vassen, R.; Schwartz, S.; Jungen, W.; Tietz, F.; Stoever, D., Journal of the

European Ceramic Society, 2000, 20, 2433-2439.

P 030 Segmentation of Corrosion Alloys Based on Color and

Texture Features

C.Mythili Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University College of

Engineering Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India

Email: mythiliselva@yahoo.co.in

A new segmentation approach is proposed in this paper which combines color

texture features to get accurate segmentation. The corrosion input images obtained from

General databases are in RGB color model. The color image is transformed from RGB color

space to YCbCr color space. The statistical color features are extracted from YCbCr color

space. The fuzzy texture unit is determined by the extraction of local texture information

from each pixel. The combined feature extraction of color and texture are implemented using

Improved Adaptive Kernelized Fuzzy C Means clustering strategy (IAKFCM). It is

concluded that IAKFCM method has outperformed quantitatively and qualitatively results

when compared to the existing methods in segmentation.

The proposed method segments the corrosion surface image based on color-texture features.

The input image is transformed from RGB to YCbCr color space. YCbCr color system

approximates human vision and its Luminance component Y and the chrominance

component Cb,Cr matches closely with human perception of light. It is very convenient to

measure small color difference while the RGB color space does not. It can be used to make

accurate color balance corrections. The color features were extracted from YCbCr color

space. Then the texture features such as contrast, energy, and entropy are extracted from the

input image. The combined color and texture features are segmented used IAKFAM. The

block diagram of the proposed method is shown in Figure 1.

86

Figure 1 Block diagram of IRKFCM based color image segmentation

Sl.No

Input Image

Segmented Image

1

2

3

87

4

5

6

7

8

References

1) T. Chan and L. A. Vese, IEEE Transactions on Image P(

2)Schulte S, De Witte, V, Nachtegael, M, Van der Weken, and Kerre, EE, IEEE

Transactions Image Processing, 2006, 3567-3578.

88

3) F. Gibou and R. Fedkiw, Proc. 4th Annu. Hawaii Int. Conf. Stat. Math.,2002 281–

291.

4) Dana Ilea, E & Whelan Paul, F, Pattern recognition, 44(10), 2011)2479-2501.

5) X.-C. Tai and C.-H. Yao, J. Comput. Math., 24(3) ,2006, 435–443. 6) Junquing Chen, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2005, 14(10), 1524-1536.

7) Young deok chun, sang yong seo , nam chul kim , IEEE Transactions on Circuits and

Systems for Video Technology, 2003, 13(9), , 951-957.

8) Ooi, W.S , Lim, C.P , 2009, Workshop on Advances in Intelligent Computing;, 11-16.

9) Ramadevi, Y, Sridevi, T, Poornima, B & Kalyani, B 2010, International Journal of

Computer Science and Information Technology ; 2010, 2(6), 153-161.

10) Xiang-yang Wang, Ting wang & Judn bu, Pattern Recognition; 2010, 777-787.

P 031 Formability and Spring Back Analysis on Friction Stir

Welded Blanks

Renju Mohan, Satheesh kumar S, Dr. N R Rajesh* Dept. name of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. Engineering College Barton

hill,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

Email: renjumohan@live.com

In the present work formability of friction stir welded AA 6056 blanks has been

studied by finite element methods. The model consist of one mm thick welded blank forced

between a punch and die. The FEM model built in structural mechanics module of Comsol

Multiphysics. The punch displacement vs. force data and spring back after punch release was

studied. The Finite element model was validated with globally accepted NAFEMS

benchmark problem. The FEM results shows that the formability significantly reduces after

friction stir welding, and have large spring back. This may be due to the micro structural

changes and residual stress developed after friction stir welding.

Figure 1. Stress distribution and Spring back after punch release

89

References

1) Cavaliere, G. Campanile,F. Panella,A. Squillace. Journal of Materials Processing

Technology, 2006, 180, 263–270

2) Amir Abbas Zadpoor, Jos Sinke, Rinze Benedictus. Materials and Design, 2009, 30,

1423–1434.

P 032 Novel Fluorescent Probe to Detect and Visualize Cholesterol

Deposit in Tissues

A. Shanti Krishna, C. Radhakumary

* and K. Sreenivasan

*

Laboratory for Polymer Analysis, Biomedical Technology Wing, SreeChitraTirunal Institute

for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, kerala, 695012, India

Email:shanthikrishna01@gail.com

Formation of cholesterol dominant deposition and the subsequent blockage of

blood vessels is a leading cause of heart attack.Unfortunately such flakes in the initial stage

evades commonly followed clinical practices. In this study our effort is to design

a fluorescent biocompatible probe for visualising cholesterol deposits.

Photoluminescent carbon dots (CD) constitute a fascinating class of nanocarbons

possessing several favorable attributes such as low toxicity, biocompatibility, green synthetic

route, optical stability and versatile surface modification.1We developed a nanoprobe, CD

conjugated with digitonin (CDADDG) for targeting cholesterol deposits. Amine capped CDs

synthesized as reported earlier2 were modified with adipic acid (AD) via EDC chemistry to

obtain carboxyl terminated CDs (CDAD) which were further conjugated with digitonin in

presence of DCC/DMAP. Physico-chemical characterization of the probe (CDADDG) as

well as its affinity towards cholesterol was carried. The ability of the fluorescent nanoprobe

to dock cholesterol was demonstrated by incubating tissues with cholesterol deposit (Figure

1). It has been observed that some portions of the tissue showed fluorescence within 5mts

ensuring that digitonin containing fluorescent probe is a quick and effective method for

imaging life threating cholesterol deposits in biological tissues..

90

Figure 1. A) Heart tissue with cholesterol deposit B) Heart muscle without cholesterol

deposit incubated with CDADDG, when viewed under UV light at 365 nm

References

1) Ko, H.Y.; Chang, Y. W.; Paramasivam, G.; Jeong, M.S.; Cho, S.; Kim, S.

Chem.Commun.,2013, 49,10290—10292.

2) Wang, F.; Pang, S.; Wang, L.; Li, Q.; Kreiter, M.; Liu, C. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 4528 –

4530.

P 033 Cost-Effective Maskless Projection Photolithography

System.

Abin Varghese

1, Ananthu P.S, GautamMitra, MadhuThalakulam*

School of Physics, Indian institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram

(IISER-TVM), Kerala, India, 695016

Email:abinvarghese@iisertvm.ac.in

Photolithography is one of the essential requirements to fabricate micron scale

devices. Usually this is accomplished using dedicated commercially available lithography

set-ups, which may not be affordable for small aspiring research groups. In this work we

report the development of a low cost mask-less projection lithography system1. The patterns

are designed on a computer and projected using an ordinary LCD overhead projector. The

patterns are reduced down to the required dimensions using a conventional inspection

microscope.

Samples were prepared by spin-coating photo-resists and exposed using the above

mentioned setup. Patterns down to five micro-meters can be realized using this technique.

References:

1) J. David Musgraves, Brett T. Close, and David M. Tanenbaum,Am. J. Phys., October

2005, Vol. 73, No. 10.

91

P 034 Nanodispersions of ZnO: Preparation Characterization and

Stabilization

Anand K., Thomas Kurian, Siby Varghese* ACRT Division, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam 686 009, Kerala, India

CochinUniversity of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, Kerala, India

Email: anand.rrii@gmail.com

Ultra-fine or nano sized particles ofZnO finds a lot of applications in optoelectronic

devices, photocatalysts, cosmetics, pigments, paints, rubber, ceramics, solar cells, varistors,

sensors etc.1 An efficient and inexpensive route for the synthesis of zinc oxide nano- rods

viaa solvent free process and methods for the preparation of stable aqueous dispersions of

the same are discussed here. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by

various analytical methods. The highly crystalline nature of synthesized ZnO was confirmed

from XRD analysis with an average particle size of35nm. Colloidal dispersions of metal

oxide nanopowderscan be stabilized by electrostatic and steric methods.2To improve the

quality of the dispersion, ZnO nanoparticles were surface treated with various surfactants.

Effect of these surfactants on particle size and stability were followed through dynamic light

scattering (DLS) studies and zeta potential measurements. Zeta potential measurement

indicated that ZnO dispersions surface stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulphate showed

better stability. The effect of ultrasonication on particle size distributions was examined and

optimized the conditions.

Figure 1.Intensity distribution for synthesized ZnO nanoparticlesdispersed in

sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Inset shows the stable ZnOnano dispersions

References

1) Wang, L.; Muhammed, M. J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 2871-2878.

2) Mandzy, J.N.; Grulke, E.; Druffel, T. Powder Technology.2005, 160, 12

92

P 035 Electrochemical Properties of Reduced Graphene- Nickel

Oxide

AnithaKumary Va*

,K Sreevalsanb & Mary Nancy TE

a

a Post Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College for Women,

Kollam, Kerala, India. 691001, bPost Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kollam,

Kerala, India. 691001,

This paper describes the preparation, characterization, and electrochemical

properties of reduced grapheme oxide –nickel oxide composite. The reduced grapheme oxide

was prepared by a modified Hummer’s method followed by solar exfoliation. This was

characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD),

scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) .A novel

solar graphene-nickel oxide modified glassy carbon electrode was developed and used for

the selective detection of dopamine. The sensor exhibited appreciable electrocatalytic effect

towards the detection of low concentrations of dopamine in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution

at pH 7 . A very low detection limit of 0.9 ± 0.15 nM was attained in the linear range of 10

nM to 50 nM by chronoamperometry.

P 036 Conductivity Studies of Pr(OH)3 Nanorods

Babu K Thomas, Jeethu Abraham, Lakshmi G Krishna, Gijo Jose* Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanasserry, Kerala, 686 101, India

Email: baboothomaz@gmail.com

Complex impedance spectroscopic technique is considered to be a promising non-

destructive testing method for analyzing the electrical processes occurring in a compound on

the application of ac signal as input perturbation. In this work, the temperature and frequency

variation of dielectric constant (ε’), and dielectric loss (D) of praseodymium hydroxidewere

studied, which was employed to obtain cole-cole plots, over the frequency range 100 Hz to 5

MHz.

The impedance measurements of the nanorods reveal that their electrical

conductivity is attributed to the decreasing resistance of grain boundaries.1The increase in ε’

with decreasing frequency results from charge accumulation at the interface. This leads to a

net polarization of the ionic medium, which contributes to ε’, whereas at high frequencies,

the periodic reversal of the field takes place so rapidly such a way that there is no excess ion

diffusion in the direction of the field, resulting in constant ε’ value.2Plots of the dielectric

loss against frequency shows that the positions of the peaks apparently shift toward lower

frequency with the increase of the peak height when temperature increases. The Cole-Cole

93

plot exhibits single semicircles, resistance decreases with rise in temperature indicating a

negative temperature coefficient of resistivity as in a semiconductor, as shown in the figure.

These characteristics indicate the sample shows high temperature and frequency dependence.

References

1) Shamshi Hassan, M.; ShaheerAkhtar,M.; Kyung-Bo Shim; O-Bong Yang; Nanoscale Res

Letters, 2010, 5, 735–740.

2) Khadeer PashaS.K.; Chidambaram, K.; Vijayan, N.; Madhuri, W.; Optoelectronics and

Advanced Materials – Rapid Communications,2012, 6, 110 – 116.

P 037 MoS2 Quantum Dots Interspersed Exfoliated MoS2

Nanosheets: Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrogen Evolution

Reaction Studies

Deepesh Gopalakrishnan1, Dijo Damien and M. M. Shaijumon*

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Thiruvananthapuram, CET Campus,

Sreekaryam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA 695016

E-mail: deepesh.chaithram@iisertvm.ac.in

Recently, 2D layered inorganic materials such as molybdenum disulphide (MoS2),

hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and other dichalcogenides are being investigated with lots of

attention. Wide interest on such exfoliated materials including graphene results from their

Figure 1. Cole-Cole plot for the sample at different temperatures

94

unique properties upon exfoliation. While graphene, with its zero bandgap energy, seems to

be unsuitable for many of the electronics and optics applications, its recently explored

inorganic analogues such as MoS2, with its large intrinsic bandgap and high carrier mobility,

show great promise for such applications and have opened up new prospects for

technological breakthroughs.1

Different approaches to obtain few-layered MoS2 have been

reported, which includes mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, chemical route, chemical

vapour deposition (CVD).2 Here we reportthe synthesis of MoS2 quantum dot-anchored on

few-layered sheets of MoS2 using liquid exfoliation technique in organic solvents. This

unique hybrid morphology results from the optimized experimental conditions involving

bath sonication followed by ultrasound probe sonication. We show that such hetero-

dimensional hybrid materials could easily be extracted from the solvent as precipitates when

post-treated with volatile solvents such as chloroform. We believe this could pave the way

for large scale synthesis of such liquid-exfoliated layered structures for their potential use in

various applications, which remained as one of the limitations.3In addition, studies on the

hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of these nanostructures showed enhanced

performance which we believe is due to the increase in the exposed active edge surfaces.4

Keywords:Molybdenum disulfide, Liquid exfoliation technique, quantum dots, nanosheets

hydrogen evolution reaction

References:

1. Zhou, K. G.; Mao, N. N.; Wang, H. X.; Zhang, H. L. Angew.Chem., Int. Ed., 2011, 50,

10839- 10842.

2. Coleman, J. N.; Lotya, M.; O'Neill, A.; Bergin, S. D. et. Al. Science, 2011, 331, 568- 571.

3. Neill, A. O.; Khan, U.; and Coleman, J. N. Chem. Mater. , 2012, 24, 2414- 2421.

4. Deepesh Gopalakrishnan; Dijo Damien; M. M. Shaijumon. ACS Nano, 2014, 8, 5297-

5303.

P 038 Synthesis of Super hydrophobic Nanofilm

Emmanuel joseph Department of polymer engineering, Mahatma Gandhi University College of engineering,

Thodupuzha, kerala 685584 india

Email:polymermguce2012@gmail.com

We all know how limited our vision while driving during heavy rain. Water sprayed by

wheels of other vehicles, makes driving even more difficult. This phenomenon can be solved

by the application of Lotus effect in Automotive windshield. The present paper deals the

Lotus effect can be demonstrated in Automobile Windshield with polydimethylsiloxane

coating. We are now formulating the process of lotus effect from the lotus plant. The Lotus

flower is the symbol of purity in several Asian religions as it is guessed because of the self-

cleaning property of the lotus leaf. Dirt particles are washed away by water droplets due to

the self cleaning property on the lotus cleaning is introduced in the Automotive windshield

95

that eases the manual cleaning and water spray could clean the foreign particles completely.

And the vehicle travel in rain is made much safer by increasing the driver's visibility as lotus

effect formulated windshield does not makes the rain water to stay on the surface. The

Lotus effect can be demonstrated in Automobile Windshield with polydimethylsiloxane

coating.

Key notes: lotus effect, self-cleaning

References

1) Dettre and Johnson, theoretical based on experiment with glass beads coating using

paraffin, hydrophobic surfaces,1964.

2) Barthlott and Ehler, self-cleaning property of super hydrophobic micro-nano structured

surfaces, university of bonn,1977.

3) Brown, study on super hydrophobic material perfluroakyl and perfluoropolyether for

lotus effect, department of biological,1986.

P 039 Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles from

Kunnangkadu Rice Husk Ash

J. PremaKumari Assistant professor, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil

Email: premarussel@rediffmail.com

Silica nanoparticles have found application in many advanced areas. This research

work is concerned with the preparation of silica nanoparticles by heat treatment of

Kunnangkadu rice husk following the sol-gel method. It involves simultaneous hydrolysis

and condensation reaction. The resulting gel mixture was aged at 60oC and the aging time

was 8 h. In order to identify the optimal condition for producing the homogenous silica

nanoparticles, the effects of surfactant surface coverage, aging temperature and aging time

were investigated. The silica nanoparticle obtained was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, UV-

visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The rice husk

ash was also subjected to Atomic absorption spectroscopy before and after acid treatment.

This result shows that large percentage of silica particles are seen in the after acid treatment

sample than the before acid treatment sample. In order to determine the influence of surface

active substances to the particle size two types of surface active substances are investigated.

The results show that the size distribution of silica particles is more uniform in neutrally

charged surfactant (Poly ethylene glycol, PEG). When using the cationic surfactant

(Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) the dispersion of the sample was much better

with the smallest size of particles. The result indicates that the CTAB surfactant has coated

uniformly the surface of the material giving it much better dispersion in suspension. By

increasing the concentration of surfactant from 0.5 to 1.5 wt % the particle size and uniform

dispersion can be achieved. Above the concentration value of surfactant the particle size

96

becomes larger and causes aggregation. This suggests that 1.5 wt % CTAB is the best

surface active substance to protect the surface of silica in which silica nanoparticles are

uniform. The FT-IR spectra of the silica nanoparticles show that the peaks at 1101, 950 and

801 Cm-1

corresponds to asymmetric, symmetric and bending mode of silica. The

characteristic peak observed at 2Ɵ =26o in the XRD diagram indicate that the samples are

nearly amorphous. UV-visible spectra have shown an absorption band at 220 nm in all the

samples.

P 040 Raman and Infra Red Studies of CuO Nanoparticles

JijiKoshy, AnoopChandran, Soosen Samuel, Reenu Elizabeth Thomas, Manuja M

and K C George* Department of Physics, S.B. College, Changanacherry, Kerala, 686101, India

Email: koshyjiji@gmail.com

CuO nanoparticles of 8 nm have been prepared successfully by a precipitation

method. Structural and morphological studies were carried out using XRD, SEM and TEM.

Infra red active vibrational frequencies were identified using infrared spectroscopy. Three

main vibrational modes are observed at 450, 515, and 592 cm-1

. High frequency mode at

590 cm-1

is due to the Cu-O stretching vibration along [101] direction. The prepared samples

of CuO nanoparticle comprises of purely CuO phase without any trace of Cu2O. We

examined the raman scattering in CuOnanoparticles and the symmetries of three raman

active optical phonons have been identified.

References

1) Heltemes, E. C. Physical Review. 1966, 141, 803-8058.

2) Xu, J. F; Ji, W; Shen, Z. X; Li W. S; Tang, S. H; Ye, X. R; Jia, D. Z; and Xin, X. Q.

Journal of Raman spectra of CuOnanocrystal; 1999, 30, 413-415.

P 041 Electrochemical Method for Synthesis of Zinc Titanate Nano

Particles

K. S. Beenakumari Depa t ent of e ist y All aints’ ollege Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India – 695007

E-mail:beenagireesh@yahoo.co.uk

A new method for the synthesis of zinc titanatenano particle is developed by

coupling electro-deposition technique and co-precipitation method The zinc titanate

97

particles produced by the electrochemical methods were characterized by XRD, TG, UV-

Visible absorption and FTIR analysis. Electrochemical method is found suitable for

producing nickel titanate particles. The common solid state synthesis leads to large crystal

grains with uncontrolled and irregular morphologies. Molten salt synthesis is found to be

complicated and in sol-gel synthesis, the precursor chemicals are very expensive. The

developed electrochemical technique is able to produce zinc titanate particles having uniform

particle size, high purity and compositional uniformity. The particle size was calculated

based on the Scherer equation and the average particle size was found to be 50 nm.. .

Keywords: zinctitanate, Electrochemical method, band gap, Photocatalyst,

P 042 Preparing Low Cost Nano Porous Materials from

Orange Fruit Peel Wastes to Remove Textile Dye M. Jaya Rajan

1, and G. Annadurai

2

1Department of Chemistry,Annai Velankanni college, Tholayavattam.

2Environmental Nanotechnology Division, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for

Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi-627 412,

Tamil Nadu, India

The aim of the present study was to discover the effect of agricultural waste product

nano­ porous adsorbent of orange peel waste for removing textile dye from aqueous solution.

The effect of adsorption isotherm were studied by carrying out a series of isotherm at

different adsorbent dosages (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g L—1), temperatures (30, 40 and 60°C) and pH

(4.95, 8.14, 9.74), respectively. The adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by using

various adsorption isotherm models and the results have shown that adsorption behavior of

the dye could be described reasonably well by langmuir and freundlich models. The

characteristic of the Nano porous materials of orange fruit peel waste was studied using

FTIR, SEM, TGA, BET Analysis.The parameters for each isotherm have been determined.

We concluded based on these results that Orangefruit peel nano-porous adsorbent was an

attractive candidate for removing textile dye from the wastewater.

98

P 043 CaAlO Nanoparticles for Plasma Display Applications

M.Freeda

1 and G. Suresh

2

1Department of Physics, Ponjesly College of Engineering, Nagercoil-629303, Tamilnadu,

India. 2Department of Engineering Physics, FEAT, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608

002,India.

Email: 1freeda321@rediffmail.com,

2dr.gsuresh@rediffmail.com

Abstract — Dy and Mn doped Calcium Aluminate nanoparticles were synthesized

by Sol Gel method using calcium Acetate Aluminum Acetate Dysprosium Nitrate

Manganese Acetate and 2.Methoxy ethanol as starting materials. Based on hydrolysis of

Ca2+

,Dy3+

and Al3+

in the sol–gel processing using 2.Methoxy ethanol as solvent have been

employed as the precursor material. Heat treated material was characterized by X-ray

diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with X-ray analysis. The

Dy and Mn doped phosphor exhibit good emission at the excitation of the material with 380

nm wavelengths generates a strong emission at 480nm.

I. INRODUCTION

By Sol-gel method CaOSrOAl2O3 thin films using metal alkoxides were prepared

and its characteristics were analysed[1]. Structural and optical properties of CaOSrOAl2O3

thin films were derived by sol-gel dip coating process[2]. This work is concerned with the

systematic relations between luminescence emission and crystal structure for Dy and Mn-

activated alkaline earth aluminates.

II. EXPERIMENT CaAl2O4 powder was synthesized by Sol-Gel method. All the reagents used in the

experiments were in analytical grade and used without any further purification. 98% of 2M

Calcium acetate [(CH3.COO)2 Ca.2H2O, >98.5%] with 1% of Aluminum acetate

[C4H6AlO4.4H2O, >99.0%] and 1% of Manganese acetate for CaAl2O4:Mn and 1% of

Dysprosium Nitrate for CaAl2O4:Dy were used as the precursors.The Calcium acetate and

Aluminum acetate and Manganese acetate were dissolved in 2-methoxy ethanol. The

solutions were mixed by a magnetic stirrer at 80°C. After sometime a fixed amount of

ammonia was added to the above mixture drop wise to maintaining pH values with

continuous stirring and heating. On further heating,white green colour powder was obtained.

The synthesized powder was annealed at 900°C for 2 hour.Confirmation of pure

CaAl2O4:Mn and CaAl2O4:Dy phase is verified by XRD analysis. The shape and morphology

of particles are studied by SEM pictures obtained.

III. CONCLUSION In this paper, by using sol-gel method the materials characterization such as X-ray

diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) were

analysed. The prepared CaAlO nanoparticles may possibly applicable for fluorescent lamp

99

and plasma display applications. Mn and Dy activated Calcium Aluminates are found good

blue emitting phosphors. The Calcium Aluminate nano powder exhibit monoclinic structure.

References

1) P.M.Chavhan et.al,Ceramics International , 2011, 37, 3413-3417.

2) P.M.Chavhan et.al, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 2011,357,1351-1356.

P 044 Pure and Mn Doped ZnS Nanorods Using Facile Chemical

Route

M.Priya Dharshini*, V.Shally, Sr.Gerardin Jayam Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil-4, Tamilnadu

Nanoscale semiconductor materials doped with impurities as activators have been

the subject of an extensive research interest in recent years due to their applications for a

variety of commercial devices. As one of the well-known II-VI compound semiconductors,

ZnS is particularly suitable for use as a luminescent host material for a variety of dopants

due to its wide band gap energy at room temperature. Pure and Mn doped ZnS nanorods are

synthesized using a facile chemical route. From XRD, it is confirmed that both pure and

doped ZnS nanoparticles exhibit cubic structure. The average grain size is found to be

around 5 nm. SEM results show that the generated nanorods are of corn-like structure. UV

absorption spectrum studies reveal that there is a blue shift in the doped and undoped ZnS

nanoparticles arising from quantum confinement effect.

P 045 Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano Alunina Using

Chitosan as Precursor

ManjushaHariharan*1, Neethumol Varghese

1, Dr. A Benny Cherian

1

1Department of Chemistry, Union Christian College, Aluva, (MG University), Ernakulum,

Kerala,

683102, India.

Email:manjushahariharan@gmail.com

Metal oxide nano particles have been extensively synthesized because of its wide

applications. In this paper Nano alumina is synthesized using Aluminum nitrate and citric

acid as the reacting materials and chitosan as precursor. Simple Sol-Gel method is used for

this synthesis. Synthesized nano alumina is characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-

Visible Spectroscopy and is compared with the commercially available nano alumina.

100

Obtained Crystalline α-Al2O3nano powder had a particle size distribution ranging from 10 to

32 nm. Nano alumina powder is extensively used in various fields such as electronics,

biocompatible implants, catalyst supports and high temperature applications. It is a

biodegradablematerial, well tolerated by the biological environment.

Key words: Nano alumina, synthesis, chitosan, sol-gel.

P 046 Effect of Peg on the Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nano Titanium

Dioxide

Neethumol Varghese

1*, Manjusha Hariharan

1, Dr. A. Benny Cherian

1

1Department of Chemistry, Union Christian College (M. G. University, Kottayam), Aluva,

Ernakulam(Dist), Kerala, PIN: 683102, India.

Email: neethumol84@gmail.com

Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted great attention in the fields of

engineering as well as in our industrial world. The performance is influenced by particle size

and its purity. It is preferred to have smaller particle size with high purity. In this work, the

nano crystalline titanium dioxide was prepared by simple sol-gel method and was

characterized. The powder was analyzed for its phases using X-ray powder diffraction

(XRD) technique and the crystallite size was calculated. Surface morphological studies and

the size distribution were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The

formation of titanianano particles were also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)

and UV-visible spectrometric measurements. The synthesis utilizes the structure-directing

interactions between Polyethylene glycol and organic precursor, titanium tetraisopropoxide.

A plausible mechanism is proposed for the formation of titanium dioxide nano particles

andis expected that this synthetic technique can be extended to obtain other metal oxides.

Keywords: Nano titanium dioxide, sol gel, polyethylene glycol.

101

P 047 Study of Structural Properties of Cerium Doped Nano Nickel

Ferrite Material

PP Muhammed Maheen1,E M Mohammed

1

1Resea Depa t ent of P ysi s Ma a aja’s ollege E nakula Ke ala 682011 In ia

Email:mohdmaheenpp@gmail.com

Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-X O 4

(x=0.0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.20) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline

structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD, the particle size

ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping

suggests that there is a shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinel structure was

clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2 O4.The XRD pattern also show that all

the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinel structure.

References

1) B.D. Cullity,Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison- Wesley,California,1978

2) Alex Goldman, Modern Ferrite Technology, 2nd

Edn., Springer, Pittsburgh,2006.

3) M. Srivastava, Chaubey S and Ojha A.K, “Investigation on size dependent structural and

magnetic behavior of nickel ferrite nanoparticles prepared by Sol-Gel and hydrothermal

method”, Mater. Chem. Phys,2009,118,174-180,

4) Gunter Schmids, Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application, Second Edition, Wiley-

VCH, Weinheim, 2010

P 048 Preparation and Characterization of Potato Starch

Nanocrystal Reinforced Natural Rubber Latex Nanocomposites

K.R. Rajishaa,Hanna.J.MariabL.A.Pothanc, ZakiahAhmadd, and S. Thomas

e

aDepartment of Chemistry, CMS College, Kottayam, Kerala, India

bSchool of Chemical Sciences, M G University, Kottayam – 686560, Kerala.

cDepartment of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara-690101, Kerala, India

dFaculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology Mara Malaysia,ShahAlam, Selangor,

Malaysia cCentrefor Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, M G University , Kottayam – 686560,

Kerala.

Potato starch nanocrystals were found to serve as an effective reinforcing agent for

natural rubber (NR). Starch nanocrystals were obtained by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of

potato starch granules. After mixing the latex and the starch nanocrystals, the resulting

aqueous suspension was cast into film by solvent evaporation method. The composite

102

samples were successfully prepared by varying filler loadings, using a colloidal suspension

of starch nanocrystals and NR latex. The morphology of the nanocomposite prepared was

analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission

Electron Microscopy (TEM). FESEM analysis revealed the size and shape of the crystal and

their homogeneous dispersion in the composites. The crystallinity of the

nanocompositeswerestudied using XRD analysis which indicated an overall increase in

crystallinity with filler content. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites such as

stress-strain behaviour, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break were

measured according to ASTM standards. The tensile strength and modulus of the

composites were found to improve tremendously with increasing nanocrystal content. This

dramatic increase observed can be attributed to the formation of starch nanocrystal network.

This network immobilizes the polymer chains leading to an increase in the modulus and

other mechanical properties.

P 049 Electrical Transport and Optical Properties of α-MnO2

Nanorods

Reenu Elizabeth John, Anoop Chandran, Marykutty Thomas, Jiji Koshy, Gijo Jose, Ajay Jose, Manuja M and George K C*

Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanassery, Kerala, 686101, India

Email: reenu.tiju@gmail.com, drkcgeorge@gmail.com*

Manganese dioxide (MnO2)-based materials has various applications ranging from

catalysts and batteries to energy efficient devices and carbon storage applications.1

Therefore, studies on the optical and transport properties of MnO2 nanostructures, which can

give vital information about the crystal structure, charge carrier mobility and band structure

of the material, are of great importance. In this work, α-MnO2 nanorods are synthesized

using a novel low temperature chemical method. The XRD pattern confirms the formation of

cryptomelane MnO2 with average crystallite size 13 nm. The Williamson-Hall plot is

employed to calculate the lattice strain and the actual crystallite size. The HR-TEM studies

have revealed that nanorods have a radius of 14 nm and length of 377 nm. The EDS

spectrum has affirmed the presence of Mn, O and K in cryptomelane MnO2. UV-Vis

reflectance studies have shown that there is an abnormal enhancement in the bandgap energy

(Eg) (3.1 eV) compared to the previously reported values (1.6 - 2.6 eV).1-2

An explanation to

this enhancement in Eg is given.

The dc electrical transport in MnO2 nanorods is studied and found to deviate from the values

predicted by variable range hopping model (VRH). It is found that the electrical conductivity

arises due to thermal activation of charge carriers and obeys the Arrhenius law at high

temperatures.

103

Figure 1. HR-TEM Image of MnO2 nanorods prepared via chemical route.

References

1) Cockayne, E.; Li, L., Chem. Phys. Lett., 2012, 544, 53–58.

2) Toufiq, A. M.; Wang, F.; Javed, Q.; Li, Q.; Li, Y., Appl. Phys. A, 2013 (published

online).

P 050 Effect of Nano Aluminum Titanate on the Electrical

Properties of Corn Starch-NH4SCN Polymer Electrolytes

S.Abarna

1,2, A.Vidhya

1, S.Jeya

1, S.Karthigaimala

1, B.Sundareasan

1, G.Hirankumar*

2

1Department of PG physics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, 626

124, India 2Center for Scientific and Applied Research, PSNCET, Mela Thediyeer, 627 152, India

Email: g.hirankumar@psnresearch.ac.in,

2abarphysics@gmail.com

Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites were prepared using Corn starch, NH4SCN

and Aluminum titanate with different (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt %) filler concentration by solution

casting technique. Ionic conductivity of prepared samples was measured by Ac impedance

spectroscopy in the frequency range 40Hz-1MHz at ambient temperature. Upon the addition

of nano-sized Al2TiO5, the conductivity at room temperature is increased (shown in figure

1). The optimum ionic conductivity value obtained was 2.191 x 10-2

S cm-1

for 4 wt% of

Al2TiO5 dispersed in polymer electrolyte. This may be attributed to the interaction of filler

particles with ether oxygen of Corn starch matrix and with SCN-1

anions1. Dielectric

behavior was analyzed using dielectric constant and dielectric moduli of the samples. The

complexation between the corn starch and Corn starch- NH4SCN complex are proven based

on the presence of the new peaks and shift in peaks observed in Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy.

104

Figure 1 Cole-Cole plot of complex impedance of Corn starch- NH4SCN and its complexes.

References:

1) Awalendra. K Thakur; Hashmi S.A, Solid State Ionics 2010, 181, 1270-1278

P 051 Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticle Using Water Hyacinth

Root Extract and its Antimicrobial Activity

S.Begila David* Assistant Professor in Chemistry, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil

E mail: begila@rediffmail.com

Development of reliable and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of metallic

nanoparticles is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology. Traditionally

nanoparticles were produced only by physical and chemical methods. Often, chemical

synthesis method leads to presence of some of the toxic chemical absorbed on the surface

that may have adverse effect in the medical applications. Biological methods of synthesis

have thus paved way for “greener synthesis” of nanoparticles and these have proven to be

better methods due to slower kinetics. Green synthesis provides advancement over chemical

and physical method as it is cost effective, environment friendly, easily scaled up for large

scale synthesis. Present study consists of a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of zinc

oxide nanoparticles using the root extract of water hyacinth. Aqueous zinc ions when

exposed to root extract were reduced and results in zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles were done using UV-visible spectroscopy,

Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD),

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antimicrobial activity of the metal oxide were also

studied.

Key words : Nanoparticles, Root extract, Green synthesis

105

P 052 Understanding Photoluminescence in Nanosheets

Comprising Chemically Modified Boron honeycomb lattice

Saroj Kumar Das and Kabeer Jasuja* Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad-382424,

INDIA

Email: sarojkumar.das@iitgn.ac.in

The extraordinary properties exhibited by the single atom thick graphene has led to a

rising interest in nanomaterials isostructural to graphene.1 Several inorganic analogs of

graphene, such as nanosheets of MoS2, BN, WS2, and Ti3AlC2 have been successfully

exfoliated from their parent structures. These quasi-planar nanostructures present rich

opportunities for several theoretical and applied studies.2

Recent studies have indicated the potential candidacy of boron to form such quasi-planar

nanostructures. Inspired by the prospects offered by boron, we have recently developed a

chemical strategy to exfoliate borides resulting in an aqueous colloid of nanosheets

comprising boron honeycomb lattice modified with hydroxyl functional groups. In the

process of characterizing the physico-chemical properties, we discovered that these

nanosheets exhibit an excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence with emission

maxima at 358 nm and 411 nm. This talk will present an overview of our initial efforts to

understand the origin of as observed photoluminescence. We have inter-mapped the

fluorescence attributes with: the morphology of nanosheets, surface functional groups and

optical behavior. The work reported here forms a significant step to understand the behavior

of nanosheets comprising chemically modified boron honeycomb lattice and is expected to

open up several avenues for fundamental research in the near future.

Figure 1 Maps of fluorescence intensity as a function of excitation and

emission wavelengths for CMMB nanosheets.

106

References

1. Nicolosi, V.; Chhowalla, M.; Kanatzidis, M. G.; Strano, M. S.; Coleman, J. N., Science

2013, 340, 6139.

2. Wang, Q. H.; Kalantar-Zadeh, K.; Kis, A.; Coleman, J. N.; Strano, M. S., Nature

nanotechnology 2012, 7 , 699-712.

P 053 Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Studies of Mn12

based SMM

Shilpi Verma and Priti Singh* Quantum Phenomena and Applications, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi - 110012

Email:v.shilpi.90@gmail.com

Single molecule magnets (SMMs) are metal-organic complexes that are considered as

promising candidate materials for future high density storage devices, quantum computing,

magnetic refrigeration and biodiagnostic applications due to their potential of behaving as

nanoscale magnets under certain temperature called blocking temperature.1

The Mn12

family,with general formula [Mn12O12(RCOO)16(H2O)4] (R = Me, Et, etc) are the most

widely studied SMMs till date.

We report the synthesis of another complex of Mn12 family, Mn12-Stearate (R =

CH3(CH2)16) comprising of dodecanuclear manganese ions in mixed valence state

(MnIV

4MnIII

8),2

with high purity and better yield, prepared by ligand exchange reaction. The

designed SMM has been studied using varius techniques like X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Raman

Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis

(TGA) and CHN analysis. XRD and TEM measurements indicate the formation of

crystalline material. The magnetic properties and relaxation dynamics of Mn12-Stearate has

been studied using SQUID magnetometer. Magnetic measurements revealed ferromagnetic

behavior below 3.0 K evident from the non-zero coercive field in the hysteresis loop

exhibited by the complex below 3.0 K, with a transition to superparamagnetic behavior

above 3.0 K. The complex also exhibits significant magnetic anisotropy and quantum

tunneling of magnetization (QTM).

References

1) Bagai R. and Christou G. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 1011-1026.

2) Park C.-D. and Jung D.-Y. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2001, Vol. 22, No. 6.

107

P 054 Organic Nanoparticles Composed of Fréchet-type Dendrons:

Synthesis, Characterization, Self-assembly and Reversible Guest

Encapsulation

Sreedevi Krishnakumar, Karical R. Gopidas* Chemical Science and Technology Division, NIIST, Trivandrum, Kerala, Pin-695019, India

E-mail : sdnk000@gmail.com

Novel organic nanoparticles composed of Fréchet-type dendrons have been

synthesized by a simple one-pot reaction, which involved etching off the gold core in

a first generation gold nanoparticle-cored dendrimer (AuG1).1 Dissolution of the Au

core leads to generation of large numbers of dendron radicals in a small volume,

which underwent very fast coupling and addition reactions to form the Fréchet-type

dendron nanoparticles (FDNs). The FDNs were found to be nearly monodisperse

with an average size of 3 nm. NMR, TEM and MALDI-TOF analysis suggested that

the FDNs are extremely dense organic structures made up of Fréchet-type dendrons.

Although the FDNs do not contain any self-assembling motifs such as hydrogen

bonding moieties, they exhibited time and concentration dependent morphological

transformations, leading to formation of larger spherical aggregates and fibrous

networks. The morphological transformations were probed using TEM, AFM and

DLS studies. The self-assembly was found to be reversible. The morphological

transformation of FDNs was exploited for encapsulation and on-demand release of

guest molecules.2

Scheme 1. Organic nanoparticles for reversible guest encapsulation.

References

1) Kumar, V. K. R.; Gopidas, K. R. Chem. Asian J. 2010, 5, 887-896.

2) Krishnakumar, S.; Gopidas, K. R. J. Mater. Chem. B 2014 (just accepted).

108

P 055 Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanocellulose from

Arecanut Fibres by Tempo-Oxidation and its Modification for Self

Assembly

Sumesh Soman, Surya B. S., Prasad V. S.*

Functional Materials, Material Science And Technology Division, National Institute For

Interdisciplinary Science And Technology (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram – 695019

Nanomaterials are of recent interest due to its high specific strength or material

properties. This has got wide applications as a biocompatible material for biomedical

applications in drug delivery or as blood vessel grafts or scaffolds for tissue engineering. The

advanced applications as bionanocomposite as environment friendly material is of recent

interest. In the present work the synthesis and characterisation of nanocellulose from

arecanutfibres by TEMPO mediated oxidation was studied at various conditions. The effect

of chemical modification by long chain aliphatic cis-unsaturated molecule, oleyl amine and

by O-Xyloglucan, a branched sugar moiety on self assembly characteristics of the

nanocellulose were also studied. TEMPO mediated oxidation showed a distinct effect on

pH.Nanocellulose fibrils of 20-40nm diameter and length of a few micrometers were

obtained in good yield at a pH of 10. Transparent nanogels with pH dependent property

changes were also obtained by this method. The selective modification of nanocellulose with

long chain aliphatic moiety with cis-unsaturation as well as with oxidisedxyloglucan showed

self assembly in THF at a concentration of 2.5mg ml-1

forming uniform hard spheres of

50nm diameters. The results indicated that the nanocellulose gel obtained may find

applications as pH dependent biosensors. Additionally by fine-tuning the

hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, tailor made assembly of modified nanocellulose in

nanodimensions can be materialized to obtain various architectures which may find

prospects for possible applications as advanced functional materials in biomedical field.

P 056 Effect of pH on the Structrual and Optical properties of

SnO2 Nanoparticles

V.Shally, M.Priya Dharshini, Sr.Gerardin Jayam* Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil – 629004, Tamil Nadu,

India

Email: shallyregin05@gmail.com

Tin oxide (SnO2) is an n-type wide band semiconductor (Eg = 3.6eV at 300 K) and

commonly used as an important functional material for optoelectronic devices, transparent

conductive electrodes, solar cells, catalyst support and gas sensor.1-5

Tin oxide (SnO2)

nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation method for different pH (7-12) values.

109

Structural, optical and surface morphologies of the SnO2 nanoparticles were characterized.

The XRD analysis showed tetragonal SnO2. As the pH value increases, the average grain size

increases and the dislocation density decreases. The average grain size calculated from

Scherer formula computes well with WH plot. UV studies reveal that the band gap decreases

as the size increases. It is found that ammonia plays an important role in the particle size

effect of nanocrystalline SnO2. When the pH value changes from 7 to 12, the average grain

size increases from 11 nm to 28 nm.

Figure 1. FESEM image of SnO2 nanoparticles of pH 8 with a magnification at 400nm.

References

1) Wang, D.; Wen,S.; Chen,J.; Zhang.S.; Li F. Phys. Rev., 2004, 70, 165314.

2) Miao.,H; Ding, C.; Luo, H. Microelectron. Eng. 2003, 66, 142-146.

3) Ki Young Kim; Seung Bin Park. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2004, 86, 210–221.

4) Niranjan, R.S., Mulla, I.S. Materials and Engineering B, 2003, 103, 103-107.

5) Huaming Yang; Xiaolan Song; Xiangchao Zhang; Weiqin Ao; Guanzhou Qiu;

Materials Letters, 2003, 57, 3124–3127.

P 057 Synthesis and Characterization of Casein-G-Poly (Ethyl

Methacrylate) Nanoparticles

A. Sophia Sharone, A.Malar Retna* Department of Chemistry and Research Centre,

Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-629003, Tamilnadu, India.

Email: sophia.sharone@gmail.com

A well-defined core-shell structure of Casein-g-Poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)

nanoparticles having 3.4nm size range was prepared through direct graft copolymerization

110

using benzoyl peroxide as catalyst at a temperature range of 80˚C.1 Due to the presence of

casein micelles, the emulsion polymerization of the monomer as well as particles stability

were obtained.2 The solvent chloroform was used to separate the graft copolymer and the

homopolymer. After separation the graft copolymer emulsion was spreaded over a glass

plate and dried in air to form a sheet. Characterization of the casein-g-PEMA nanoparticles

were done by using FTIR, TG-DTA and X-Ray diffraction studies. From the SEM analysis,

it was shown that the PEMA cores were coated with casein shell and thus confirmed the

well-defined core-shell morphology of casein-g-PEMA nanoparticles. The grafting and

conversion efficiencies were also determined.

Scheme 1.Formation of Casein-g-PEMA.

References 1) Mohan D., Ganga Radhakrishnan & Rajadurai S., J. Appl. polym. sci, 1990, 39,7, 1507-

1518

2) Mohan D., Ganga Radhakrishnan & Rajadurai S., J. Macro.sci :Part A:Chemistry, 1985,

22, 1-7

P 058 Synthesis of Ambient Curing, Strain Tolerant Epoxy

Adhesive

Anitha S., Ranajit Pal*, Suchithra C.

#, and Suraj S.

Polymers and Special Chemicals Division #Analytical and Spectroscopic Division.

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram

Kerala-695022

Email: anitha26502@gmail.com

Epoxy adhesives are widely used in aerospace application because of its versatile

properties such as ease of handling, good mechanical strength, high thermal stability, and

ability to form strong bonds with wide varieties of substrates. Epoxy adhesives can be

111

tailored to meet the requirement by suitably modifying the structure either in epoxy or in

curative. Conventional ambient curing Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) based

epoxy adhesives possess good tensile strength and low elongation characteristics. In

aerospace application, especially in pressurized structural bonding, adhesive system curing at

ambient conditions with moderate elongation is always preferred.

In the present paper a structural modification was brought in the curative part

resulting in a thermoset polymer of the desired features as listed above. The curative part

was modified with hydrogenated dimer acid inorder to impart strain tolerant capacity.

Varying levels of modification was carried out in the curative part (10% to 30%). The dimer

acid was incorporated in the curative backbone resulting in an amide formation which was

confirmed by FTIR. Epoxy resin part was modified to achieve the desired rheological

characteristics by blending liquid and solid epoxy resin in the weight ratio of 95:5 followed

by TDI addition. In order to enhance the mechanical properties, particulate silica filler was

blended to the composition. Formulations were made as per the stoichiometric ratio of epoxy

and amine and cured at ambient condition. The thermoset compound was evaluated for

mechanical and adhesive properties. In order to measure elongation precisely extensiometer

facility was utilized. It was found that the level of dimer acid modification has a significant

influence on the strain tolerant capacity of the cured polymer.

References

1) Meath A. R.; (1990). Epoxy Resin Adhesives. Chapter 19 in Hand Book of Adhesives.3rd

edition. Newyork. pp: 350.

2) Krzysztof, S. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2007, 27, 92 – 101.

3) Possart, G.; Presser, M.; Passlack, S.; Geib, P. L.; Kopnarski, M.; Brodyanski, A.;

Steinmann, P. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2009, 29, 478 – 487.

4) Fuxiang, C.; Timothy, F. M. K.; Jiang, Y.; Shidu, L. Polymer, 1997, 38, 6157–6165.

P 059 A Facile Method for Synthesis of Polystyrene-Clay

Nanocomposites with Self-Assembling Properties Using Adduct

Modified Clay

AnnuRaju*, Lakshmi V, Asha Susan Chacko, T.P.D. Rajan ,C.Pavithran and

V.S Prasad CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology,

Thiruvananthapuram-695019, Kerala, India

Email: annukaramayil@gmail.com

Self-assembly of silicate layers to form vesicles by changing clay loading has

become an important part of research due to enormous advantage of using nanoclay in

polymer matrix, as compared to the convectional fillers1. Vesicles have been receiving

intense research interest due to their potential applications in drug encapsulation/delivery

112

system2-4

, dyes and inks, catalysis, as microcontainers, or reactors and sensors.Various

methods adopted for the synthesis of polymer, inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid

vesicles includes solvent-assisted self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers, rod−coil diblock

polymers, dendrimers, and foldamers and sacrificial template method. As compared to

polymer vesicles, an inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid vesicle shows superior strength.

Herein, the morphology and self-assembling properties of a series of polystyrene clay

nanocomposites (PSC) are investigated via in situ intercalative polymerization by a typical

free radical polymerization using Adduct modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay. Adducts

are synthesised by reacting quaternary ammonium salt (CTAB) with Acrylic acid (AA). The

resulting reactive cations are used toorgano-modify the MMT clay. PSC as synthesized are

used for studying solvent assisted self-assembling property in THF. Microvesicles of average

diameter 2.5-3.5μm were produced from solution concentration of 2.5 mgml-1

and micro

porous uniform films at 20 mg ml-1

. Microvesicles and micro porous film of uniform size are

obtained using different adduct modified clay loading and different adduct ratio from

polystyrene-clay nanocomposite particles. Self-assembling studies are characterized using

Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron

microscopy (TEM).The Guest-encapsulation of PSC were gained by encapsulating with

fluorescent dyes and oil by fluorescent microscope. PSC are characterized using FTIR,

WAXS, TGA, DSC and MALDI TOF mass spectrometer

(a) (b)

Figure 1. SEM Micrograph of self assembled PCN (b) TEM Image with Fluorescence

micrograph shown inset

References

1) Bindu P Nair; Pavithran, C; Sudha, J. D; Prasad, V. S, Langmuir, 2010, 26, 1431.

2) Tanner, P.; Baumann, P.; Enea, R.; Onaca, O.; Palivan, C.; Meier,W. Acc. Chem. Res.

2011, 44, 1039−1049.

3) Bellorno, E. G.; Wyrsta, M. D.; Pakstis, L.; Pochan, D. J; Derning, T. J. Nat. Mater. 2004,

3, 244−248.

4) Kenneth C. Cole.; Macromolecules 2008, 41, 834-843

113

P 060 Effect of Fatty Acids on Mechanical & Anti-Corrosive

Properties of Water Based Epoxy Ester Coatings

AshishPratap Singh, C.Suryanarayana, R.BalojiNaik, S.K.Singh and

G.Gunasekaran* Naval Materials Research Laboratory,Shil-Badlapur Road, P.O.- Anandnagar,

Ambernath – 421506, India

E mail: ashishkaushic@gmail.com

Organic coatings are being used in a number of applications, contributing to

protection of surfaces against corrosion. The recent trend in the field of organic coatings is to

develop coatings with low levels volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control

environmental pollution.1-2

The objective of this paper is to synthesis high performance water

soluble epoxy ester resin and its characterization for coating application. Initially, one end of

Bis-phenol A based epoxy resin was reacted with different fatty acids like Linseed oil fatty

acid, Tung oil fatty acid and Dehydrated Castrol oil fatty acid to make epoxy ester resin. The

other end of the epoxy ester was reacted with Di-ethanol amine to make amine

functionalized epoxy ester. These resins were characterized by various techniques such as

FTIR, NMR, DSC and TGA. These Amine functionalized epoxy esters were neutralized with

different acids such as phosphoric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid

separately to make it water soluble. These water soluble epoxy ester was applied on mild

steel panel (150 mm x 100 mm x 1.5mm ) and the performance of these coatings were

evaluated by different technique such as adhesion, tensile, scratch hardness, bend test and

impact test. Corrosion resistance properties were evaluated by salt spray and seawater

immersion. It was observed that the epoxy ester with tung oil fatty acid neutralized with

phosphoric acid showed enhancement in mechanical and anticorrosive properties compare to

rest.

References 1) Chia-Wei Chang, Kun-Tsung Lu, Prog.Org.Coat.,2013,76 1024-1031

2) DonduIseri- Caglar, EmreBasturk, BurcuOktay, Prog.Org.Coat.,2014, 77 81-86

114

P 061 Finite Element Analysis of Carbon Nano tube Reinforced

Composite with Modified Beam Model

Brahmadathan V B, Remesh S* Govt. Engineering college, Bartonhill,Trivandrum

Email: brahmadathanvb@gmail.com

The main objective of this study is to analyze the carbon nano tube composite with

modified beam model. A Three Dimensional model of the carbon nanotube composite with

circular cross-section and elliptical beam model for C-C bond is modeled in Ansys, and it

consisting of carbon nanotube, interphase region, polymer matrix. The model is subjected to

tensile load in axial direction find out the young's modulus of the composite, and the results

of different beam model is compared. Tensile behavior of embedded carbon nanotube in

polymer matrix is studied in the presence of vdW interactions in interphase region. A 3D

finite element model of carbon nanotube, interphase and its surrounding polymer is

constructed on the basis of the multi-scale modeling approach. Carbon nanotube and

interphase region are modeled at a nano-scale while surrounding resin is treated at a micro

scale. Two different RVEs consisting of circular cross-sectional beam model and elliptical

cross-sectional beam model of long are studied and the results are compared. Constructed

models are subjected to tensile loading using non-linear FEM for the two cases of long

CNTs. The obtained results show a non-linear behavior due to non-linear behavior of the

vdW interactions.

Figure 1. FEM Model simulated for uniform deformation

References

1) Mahmood M. Shokrieh, Roham rafiee:. Composite Structures, 2010, 92,647-652

2) Xiang Lu, Zhong Hu: Mechanical property evaluation of single -walled carbon nanotube

by finite element modeling

115

P 062 Ion Conduction Mechanism In Nano Composite Proton

Conducting Polymer Electrolyte

C. Ambika , G. Hirankumar

*

C-SAR, School of Basic Engineering and Sciences, PSN College of Engineering and

Technology, Melathediyoor, Tirunelveli.

Email: vellaambikai@psnresearch.ac.in

Proton conducting solid polymer electrolyte comprising of PMMA(poly methyl

methacrylate)/PVP(poly vinyl pyrolidone) with MSA(methanesulfonic acid) and also the

nano composite solid polymer electrolyte by incorporating nano-sized Al2O3 at different

ratios are prepared by solution casting technique. The variation of ionic conductivity with

increase of filler concentration is studied by ac impedance spectroscopy. The prepared

samples are PMMA/PVP/MSA/x mol% Al2O3 (x=0,1,2,3,4) and their conductivity values

are 2.51x10-5

S/cm, 5.79x10-6

S/cm, 1.05x10-5

S/cm, 1.9x10-7

S/cm and 2.5x10-6

S/cm

respectively which is obtained from cole-cole plot at ambient temperature. The power law

exponent n in universal power law is calculated from the conductance plot for the prepared

polymer electrolytes. High frequency dispersion of conductivity is absent for 0mol% Al2O3.

The n value is greater than 1 for Al2O3 doped composites except 4mol% of Al2O3. From the

dielectric (figure 1) study, the relaxation time are calculated for all the samples at 303K.

Modulus is also studied.

Figure 1: Variation of Tanδ (εʺ/εʹ) with frequency

116

P 063 Conceptual Design of Collapsible Membrane Tank Denny C D, Bindu Kumar K, R Manuel Sathya* LPSC,Valiyamala,Trivandrum

Email: dennycdavis@gmail.com

In this project conceptual design of collapsible membrane tank is developed for aero

space application. The new polymer membrane materials like Kapton has got superior

properties such that they can be used for purposes where only metal could have been used

now exists. Thus membrane Tanks are proposed to improve structural weight ratio for launch

vehicles. A membrane tank of Kapton is designed which can be used for propellant as well

as water storage. The basic tank configuration is chosen and dimensions of the tank

components are determined. Axisymmetric analyses of four membrane tank configurations

are carried out as a preliminary design step. The tank shell thickness values for each

configuration corresponding to 10%, 15% and 20% elongation are found out. Mass of each

model is determined and a tank configuration of minimum mass is chosen for further stress

analysis studies. Then modeled the tank with Al and Ti alloys for the same volume copacity

and mass coparison has been done. It is concluded that Membrane Tank is a good solution

for improving the weight thrust ratio of reusable launch vehicles.

Figure 1. Deformed and undeformed Axi-symmetric configuration of Membrane tank.

117

References

1) Komatsu,K.,Sano,M.,Kimura,J., and Ohyagi,T. : Concept Study of Membrane

Tanks for Launch Vehicle, AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC, 41st Structures,

Structural Dynamics, and Material Conf., Atlanta, 2000 2) ‘Design of a ollapsible iqui Oxygen to age Vessel Fo Ma s’, Fleming el at , AIAA

-2000- 1572

P064 Synthesis and Charecterisation of Some Polyols Based on

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

Y.Jasmala Joy , A.Malar Retna* Department of Chemistry, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil -629003, Tamilnadu. India.

Email: jasmalajoy@gmail.com

Vegetable oils are one of the cheapest and most abundant biological renewable

sources. Among the renewable sources cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an agricultural

resource material obtained as a byproduct from the cashew industry is unique. CNSL

contains a natural phenolic distillate, cardanol[1]. Vegetable oil based polyols have been

widely used to produce segmented and non segmented polyurethanes.[2] They are unique

class of polymers that have a wide range of applications because their properties can be

readily tailored by the variations of their components. In recent years there is a significant

rise in usage of polyols in the manufacture of polyurethanes because of the high price of

petrochemicals and also to be eco friendly .Cardanol a meta substituted phenol is a

renewable organic source .In the present study polyols are obtained from cardanol -furfural

resole resin .It can be synthesized by the condensation of cardanol with furfural in the

presence of phthalic acid catalyst in different mole ratios. The resulting methylolated

cardanol -furfural has been epoxidised followed by hydrolysis leads to the formation of

polyol. The physico - chemical characteristics and the spectral properties of the synthesized

cardanol - furfural resin and polyol has been studied and will be discussed in detail.

References

1) Riya Srivastava and Deepak Srivastava., ,Inter.J.Che.Tech.Res.,2013,5(5),2575-2581

2) S.Gopalakrishnan and T.Linda Fernandao., Der.Chem.Sin.,2011.2(5),54-64.

118

P 065 pH-Sensitive Biodegradable and Biocompatible

Polymersomes for the Intracellular Release of 5-Fluoro Uracil

Jeena Abraham1, Beena Mathew*

School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686 560, Kerala

Email:jeenaabraham23@gmail.com,

Self-assembled systems from biodegradable amphiphilic polymers at the nanometer

scale as a new class of the polymer-based carriers and polymersomes (Ps) has attracted with

rapidly growing interest. In particular, biodegradable and pH sensitive block copolymers can

be used for preparation of Ps, which are of great interest for such applications1.

pH-triggered and biodegradable polymersomes based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-

poly(ε-caprolactone)-grafted poly(β-amino ester) (PAE-g-PCL-PEG) were prepared without

the use of organic solvents to minimize the biological problems and investigated for an

efficient drug-delivery system. The synthesized copolymer showed biodegradability and low

cytotoxicity. The size and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy

(TEM). The study on in vitro release of 5-fluoro uracil loaded polymersomes showed that

this pH-dependant transition triggered the release of encapsulated cytarabine in a weakly

acidic environment. Based on the biocompatible characteristics and release of drugs in acidic

condition, it would be a useful drug carrier for cancer therapy. The choice of block

copolymers-the building blocks of a polymersome introduce features like biocompatibility,

inherent or induced permeability and triggered release.

References

1) Jain J P, Ayen W Y, and Kumar N ., Current PharmaceuticalDesign ,2011, 17,

65-79

P 066 Covalent Polymer Functionalisation of Graphene oxide

Jinu Joji1, Raneesh Konnola

2, Kuruvilla Joseph

2*

1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-BHOPAL,

Madhya Pradesh-462 066, India

2Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- 695 547, India

Email: jinujoji@iiserb.ac.in

Graphene oxide (GO) contains a range of reactive oxygen functional groups, which

renders it a good candidate for chemical functionalizations1. In addition to small molecules,

polymers have also been attached to the surface of graphene oxide. These attachments are

typically made by either grafting-onto or grafting-from approaches. In this work, we

119

modified GO using carboxyl terminated poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) rubber (CTBN),

polyethyleneimine and poly(phenylenesulfone). These modified fillers can be used for

improving the mechanical and toughness properties of epoxy system. CTBN is a well known

synthetic rubber which is used for toughening epoxy matrix. The attachment of CTBN to GO

is expected to increase both mechanical strength and toughness of the system. Modification

of GO poly(ethyleneimine) results in a decoration of amino groups on the surface of GO that

can react with the epoxy matrix and hence a better compatability of filler with the matrix is

expected. Modification of GO with poly(phenylenesulfone) gives a soft polymer coating on

GO which is expected to improve the interfacial interaction between filler and matrix

Modification of GO is characterized by using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy,TGA, XRD and

TEM.

References

1) Y Guo, Y.;Song, L.; Kan Y.; Qian X.; and Hu Y.; J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 13290–

13298.

P 067 Epoxy Alumina Particulate Composites - Effect of Particle

Size and Fillers Dispersing Additives on Thermal, Mechanical and

Interface Properties

Leena K.*, Sibin C. S., Chitra A.#, Suchitra C.

#Suraj S.

Polymers and Special Chemicals Division #Analytical and Spectroscopy Division

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram-695022

Tel: 0471-2564655

Email: leenakarthi@yahoo.co.in

Epoxy resins, the largest segments of addition cured thermosetting polymers find

applications as matrix resins for structural composites and adhesives due to their outstanding

mechanical properties, adhesion, good handling characteristics etc. Chemical and processing

flexibilities make epoxies useful in an array of applications including protective coatings,

paints, adhesives, electronics, tooling and composites. The present study is focused on the

effect of particle size and a dispersing additive on the mechanical, thermal and adhesion

characteristics of epoxy alumina particulate composites. Alumina filler was mechanically

milled using planetary ball milling technique for durations of 0,5, 10 and 20 hours. Virgin

and the ball milled alumina fillers were analyzed for its surface area, particle size and X-ray

diffraction patterns. It was observed that the planetary ball milling technique reduced the

particle size into nano range, increased the surface area and resulted in amorphisation of the

filler. Dispersing additives were also employed to see its effect on the final properties of the

system. Composites processed with and without dispersing additives were characterized for

thermal conductivity, interface properties such as lap shear strength on aluminium interfaces

120

and peel strength on aluminium / rubber interfaces. Fracture toughness of the composites

was evaluated and the fractured surfaces were analyzed for fracture morphology by SEM.

Fracture toughness decreased with decrease in particle size of the filler and showed higher

values for the systems containing filler dispersing additives. The tensile lap shear strength

and peel strength increased with reduced particle size and the extend of increment is higher

for the system containing dispersing additives. Thermal conductivity of the alumina filled

composites reduced with reduction in particle size for system processed with and without

dispersing additives.

References

5) Laura, M. M. G.; Richard, S. P.;Saskia, H. K.; John,L. S.; Daniel, A. F.; Joseph, L. L.

Polymer, 2008, 49, 999 –1014.

6) Suraj, C.; Zunjarrao; Raman, P. S.Comp. Sci. Technol.2006, 66, 2296–2305.

P 068 Spectral, Thermal, and Photoreactivity Studies on Epoxy

Resin Containing Benzylidene Units in the Main Chain

M.Natarajan, PS. Balakrishnan and SC. Murugavel * Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu – 641 004,

India.

Email: psgmvel@yahoo.co.in

A photosensitive epoxy resin was synthesized from bis(4-hydroxy -3-methoxy

benzylidene) acetone and epichlorohydrin using solution polycondensation method. The

prepared epoxy resin was characterized by UV, IR, 1H NMR, and

13C NMR spectroscopy.

The thermal stability of the epoxy resin was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis. The

glass transition temperature of the polymer was determined by differential scanning

calorimetry. The photocrosslinking property and photo polymerizing ability of the epoxy

resin were studied in film and solution state using UV spectroscopy. The effect of photo acid

generator and sensitizer on photosensitivity of the resin was also investigated.

Figure 1: BHMBA based Epoxy resin

References

1). Lee, M. C.; Ho, T. H.; Wang, C. S. J Appl Polym Sci., 1996, 62, 217 – 225.

121

2). Balaji, R.; Grande, D.; Najundan, S. React Funct Polym., 2003, 56, 45 - 57.

3). Murugavel, S. C.; Kaliyappan, T.; Swaminathan, C. S.; Kannan, P. J Appl Polym Sci.,

1997, 65, 2151 - 2157.

P 069 Influence of Graphene on Polychloroprene Rubber

Nanocomposites

Maya M.G*, Soney C. George*, Sabu Thomas

#

*Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam

#Centre for Nano Science and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Science, M G

University, Kottayam

Email: mayamayooram@gmail.com

A new class of elastomeric nanocomposite was prepared by introducing Graphene in

Chloroprene rubber matrix. Graphene synthesised from natural graphite, through GO route

via Hummers method. Chloroprene rubber is well known for its high gum vulcanizate

strength arising from strain induced crystallization. It has excellent physical properties,

weather resistance, heat resistance and low temperature properties. The purpose of this work

is to investigate the influence of graphene and its effects on the mechanical, thermal and

conductive properties of Chloroprene rubber vulcanizates. However, to the best of our

knowledge the influence of Graphene on Polychloroprene rubber has not been reported yet.1

XRD of the composite showed that the exfoliated graphene was homogeneously

dispersed in the Chloroprene matrix as evidenced by the lack of characteristic reflection in

the nano composites. SEM images of the fracture surfaces of Chloroprene vulcanizates

exhibit graphene have better compatibility with the rubber matrix. Introduction of graphene

improves the overall properties of the composites and therefore mechanical and thermal

properties of the resulting vulcanizates were investigated. The mechanical properties show

that the presence of a small amount of graphene enhances the properties of CR vulcanizates.

TEM images of the composites show a good exfoliation which is agreed with XRD results.

Figure 1. SEM image of 1.5phr graphene loaded Chloroprene vulcanizates

122

References

1) Kishore Kumar Sadasivuni, Deepalekshmi Ponnamaama, Sabu Thomas,Yves

Grohens. J Progrss in Polym Sci 2013

P 070 Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide/ Polystyrene

Nanocomposite as EMI Shielding Material

Mehatab Nabi S., Hemanth Gupta T., Remyamol T., Honey John* Department of Chemistry, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India

mehatab.s@hotmail.com

The use of electronics and modern instruments in space research and aviation sectors

has caused a new kind of phenomenon called as electromagnetic interference (EMI). This is

caused by the interference effects induced by electric and magnetic fields, originating from

wide range of electrical equipments and also the natural sources of EM radiation like sun.

The interference in communication channels and process control may lead to loss of time,

energy, or even human life. So some kind of shielding mechanism must be provided to shield

the specific instrument from stray electromagnetic fields. Metals are the most common

materials used for EMI shielding for their high electrical conductivity, but they had

undesirable properties like high density, susceptibility to corrosion, complex processing.

Filler reinforced composites with high electrical conductivity and dielectric constant bring

profound development prospect to traditional metals for EMI shielding property. The EMI

shielding effectiveness of filler reinforced composites depends on many factors, including

filler’s intrinsic conductivity, real part of permittivity and aspect ratio. The extraordinary

high conductivity, large surface area and high strength of graphene make it the most

promising filler for fabricating high-performance EMI shielding composites.1 On the other

hand polyaniline, one of the wellknown conducting polymer has a moderate conductivity

combined with very light weight and reasonably facile processability.2 Hence hybrids of

polyaniline with graphene would be a good choice as EMI shielding material. In this work,

polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide hybrids are synthesized by in situ polymerization of

aniline in the presence of synthesized graphite oxide followed by in situ hydrothermal

reduction of graphite oxide .The hybrids are charecterized and composites for EMI shielding

studies are fabricated in polystyrene matrix by micro compounding. The hybrid exhibited

better shielding effectiveness as compared to pristine polyaniline and reduced graphene

oxide.

Reference

1) Yan, D.X.; Ren, P.G.; Pang, H.; Fu, H.; Yang, M.B.; Li, Z.M. J. Mater. Chem.,2012, 22,

18772-18774

2) Chandrasekhar, P.; Naishadam, K.; Synt. Met., 1999, 105, 115-120.

123

P 071 Complexation of Metal Ions with Oxygen Containing

Copolmers - Kinetic, Isothermal and Thermodynamic Properties.

Mrudula M S and M R Gopinathan Nair* School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala -686560,

INDIA Email:mrudulasasi@gmail.com

Chelating exchangers are suitable materials for the complexation of metal

ions.Chelating exchangers are , in general, coordinating copolymers containing one or more

electron donor atoms such as N, S, O, and P that can form coordinate bonds with metals.

NR/PEO block copolymers with oxygen donor atoms were synthesized by solution

polymerization of hydroxyl terminated Natural Rubber(NR) and Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO).

The resin were characterized by swelling studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology and particle size is

obtained in nanometer range and was conformed using transmission electron microscopy

(TEM). The main purpose of this work was to determine the adsorption capacity of the

prepared resins towards metal ions fromwater at three different pH values.

The maximum adsorption capacity and desorption rate of the prepared copolymer for

metal ions wereinvestigated .The adsorption isotherms were also investigated. Here from the

linear regression coefficient it is found that Freundlich equation was best fit and the 1/n

value is approximately equal to 1 indicating linear adsorption leading to identical adsorption

energies for all sites. The adsorption capacity of block copolymer increases with metal ion

concentration.

Keywords: chelating exchanger; NR/PEO copolymer; adsorption

P 072 Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites based on Cardanol

and Coir Fibres

N. J. Sangeetha and A. Malar Retna* Department of Chemistry, Scott Christian College(Autonomous), Nagercoil-629003,

Tamilnadu, India

E-mail: sangeeakil@gmail.com

The development of novel polyurethane composites from cardanol, a renewable

resource obtained as a byproduct of the cashew industries and reinforced with coir fibres.1

Cardanol based resole type phenolic resin has been synthesised by condensing cardanol with

formaldehyde in a particular mole ratio using malonic acid as catalyst. The resulting resin

124

has been subjected to epoxidation followed by hydrolysis to give the hydroxyalkylated

derivative (synthesised polyol).2 The synthesized polyol has been condensed with 4,4’-

methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) to produce rigid polyurethane composites and

incorporating 10% coir fibre. Tough polyurethane composites have been produced by

condensing resole resin / synthesised polyol with the commercially available polyol,

polyethylene glycol-4000(PEG-4000), 4,4’-methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and 10%

coir fibre. The physico-chemical characteristics of the synthesised resin and polyol and the

thermo-mechanical properties of polyurethane composites have been studied. These studies

revealed the high performance character of rigid polyurethane composites with respect to the

corresponding tough polyurethane composites.

References

1) Suresh1, K. I.; Krishanprasad2, V. S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 4504-4512.

2) Gopalakrishnan1, S.; Fernando2, L. Res. J. Phar. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2010, 1, 252-261.

P 073 Therml and Mechanical Properties of Some Interpenetrating

Polymer Networks Synthesized from Vegetable Oils

N.T.Nevaditha*, S. Gopalakrishnan**, and C. V. Mythili *** *Department of Chemistry. N.M.Christian College,Marthandam-629165,Ta mil Nadu, India.

**Department of Chemistry, N. I. University, Thuckalay-629175, Tamil Nadu, India.

***Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Govt College for woman, Tirunelveli -627 008,

Tamil Nadu, India.

E-mail : nevadithaprakash@yahoo.in

Vegetable oils are recognized as being versatile renewable resources and can be

converted into fuels, polymers and more speciality products. Polymers produced from

vegetable oil and their derivatives have excellent hydrolytic stability and thermomechanical

properties due to the hydrophobic nature of their side chain. Interpenetrating polymer

networks (IPNs) constitute a rapidly developing branch of polymer blend technology which

may intimately combine the properties of two cross linked polymers in a network form. An

IPN structure is obtained when atleast one polymer network is synthesized and/or cross

linked in the immediate presence of the other. In the present work Interpenetrating polymer

networks have been synthesized by condensing polyurethane (PU) of castor oil (NCO/OH)

in the mole ratio 2.0 with diazotized-p-anisidinecardanol formaldehyde resin (DACF) in

three different compositions (25:75, 35:65 and 50:50) using ethylene glycol

dimethacrylate(EGDM) as cross linker and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The

interpenetrating polymer networks have been characterized by FT- IR spectroscopy. The

thermal behaviour of the IPNs has been studied by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and

Differential thermal analysis (DTA). The tensile strength and Shore-A hardness of the IPN

samples have also been studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Atomic force

125

microscope (AFM) analysis have been used to determine the surface topography and

roughness of the synthesized IPN samples.

Keywords: cardanol, polyurethane, castor oil, interpenetrating polymer net work, thermal

behaviour

P 074 Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cellulose Based

Drug Delivery System for the Controlled Delivery of Aniti-Cancer

Drug

Nima J, Divya P.L, Anirudhan T.S* Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Kerala, 695581, India

Email: nima4652@gmail.com

Polysaccharide based hydrogels are widely used in the drug delivery vehicles which

exploit its biodegradability, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and high chemical stability at

different pHs.1 Cellulose (cell) is the most abundantly occuring polysaccharides and its

derivatives have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field. The primary inadequacy of

chemotherpeutic drugs is their relative non-specificity and potential side effects towards

healthy tissue. In this study a novel drug delivery system (DDS), namely,

glycidylmethacrylate-ethylenediamine grafted cellulose modified with poly(methacrylic

acid) and succinylcyclodextrin (cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD) was developed and

characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD analyses. Cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD was used

for the delivery of an anticancer agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The optimum pH for the

encapsulation of 5-FU into cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD was examined. Drug release

studies were carried out at simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. The release rate was slow

at pH 7.4 but increased significantly at acidic pH 5.0. Equilibrium swelling studies were

conducted to evaluate the stimuli-response behaviour of the DDS and found that equilibrium

126

swelling was dependent on pH, contact time, temperature and ionic strength. Peppas model

was used to study the release mechanism and the results indicate a delayed, swelling

controlled, non Fickian mechanism for drug release. The results of this study demonstrated

that the Cell-g-(GMA/en)-PMAA-SCD could be an excellent biocompatible host for drug

reservoirs and delivery carriers in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

References

1) Shukla, R. K.; Tiwari, A. Carbohydr. Polym.2012, 88, 399-416.

P 075 Novel Polypyrrole Coated Fe-Doped Titania Polymerised

with Itaconic Acid for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics

from Waste Water

P.L.Divya, J. Nima, T. S. Anirudhan* Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum-695 581, India

Email: divyasg5301@gmail.com

In the present work, a novel adsorbent-cum photocatalyst, itaconic acid polymerized

with polypyrrole coated Fe-doped titania, (p(IA)-Ppy-Fe/TiO2) was prepared for the

adsorption and degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotics which causes

serious environmental problem due to the vast and increasing use as human medicine and as

veterinary medicine for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.1 The polymerization

was done in presence of uv –irradiation at 412 nm for 40 min. The material was well

characterized by means of SEM, XRD, FTIR and DRS techniques. The adsorption

experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum pH, adsorbent dose and effect of

ionic strength. In the present work, optimum pH was found to be 5.0, adsorbent dose was

2g/L and adsorption decreased with increase in ionic strength of the inorganic salt.

Photodegradation kinetics was tested using Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism for first-

order-kinetics. The photocatalyst was repeatedly used upto four cycles and the degradation

ability of the photocatalyst was also tested upto four cycles. The results indicated that the

adsorption and degradation decreases slightly after each cycle of repeated use. This study

indicates that the fabricated novel adsorbent-cum-photocatalyst, p(IA)-Ppy-Fe/TiO2, could be

a promising material for the adsorptive removal and degradation of TCH from effluents.

References

1) Lee, L. S.; Sassman, S. A. Environ. Sci.Technol. 2005, 39, 7452–7459.

127

P 076 Development of Composite Brake Pad For Automobiles by

Infiltration Casting

Rahul P.S., Ganesh M, T.P.D. Rajan* NIIST,Papanacode,Trivandrum

Email: psrahul87@gmail.com

Brake plays a vital role in providing safety to automobiles by converting kinetic

energy into heat energy. While operating in severe braking conditions such as high load,

speed conditions brakes should posses wide range of mechanical, thermal and tribological

properties. A monolithic brake material is insufficient to maintain to these all properties at

high temperature. The objective of this thesis is to make an advantageous brake material,

which will be able to overcome the disadvantages of conventional brake pads.

Metal matrix composites with ceramic reinforcement possess excellent properties in

high temperature applications, in this thesis matrix contributed by Al-319 and reinforcement

is microsilica. From the literature, infiltration casting is best suited casting method to obtain

uniformly distributed particle reinforced composites. For that a die designed for making

preform. Ceramic preform prepared by mixing powders of aluminum, microsilica, and poly

ethylene glycol and subsequent uniaxial pressing. PEG acts as a binder in the preform and

which is a water soluble polymer. During sintering, PEG in the preform will burn out which

creates porosity.

Infiltration is a liquid state casting method; it is carried out by pressing molten Al-

319 into preheated ceramic preform. Total 15 samples casted for doing characterizations viz.

wear tests, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, Scanning electron

microscopy, X-ray diffraction test, compression test.

Figure 1. Brake pad preform for infiltration casting

128

References

1) L.A. Dobrzański *, M. Kremzer , A. Nagel Application of pressure infiltration to the

manufacturing of aluminium matrix composite materials with different reinforcement

shape. Volume24 Issue 2

2) H. Jang∗ , K. Ko, S.J. Kim, R.H. Basch , J.W. Fash ,The effect of metal fibers on the

friction performance of automotive brake friction material Wear 2004, 256, 406–414s

P 077 Quasi-static three point bending behaviour of aluminium

foam sandwich Beam

Darshal Kantilal Nahar1, Rajeev Chaturvedi*

1, Siddhartha Jain*

2, A.Sekar*

3

*ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, 560017

Email: rajeevc@isac.gov.in

The use of light weight aluminium sandwich panels [1] in aerospace, shipping and

construction Industry represent attractive and interesting solution to the increasing

environmental demands. The aim of the paper is to present strength of aluminium composite

beam having Low density polyethylene (LDPE) as core and aluminium as face sheet. The

parameter which influences the strength of the ACP beam has been discussed in the paper. A

series of quasi static strength test [2] were performed on the specimen in three point bending

loads as per ASTMC393.Methodology for specimen preparation is been discussed in the

paper. Fig 1 shows the Experimental setup. Fig 2 shows the Load deflection characteristic of

sandwich beam. LVDT has been used to monitor the deflections .Finally test results were

correlated with the analytical formulation and Finite Element analysis (FEA) results.

Correlation shows a close match between the analytical, Test and FEA results.

Figure 1. UTM machine having 3 point bending setup with LVDT.

129

Figure 2. Load Deflection characteristic

References

1) D.Zenket, .An introduction to Sandwich Construction 1995: Chameleon Press ,

2) Howard G Allen, Analysis and design of structural sandwich panels; Pergamon Press:

Oxford.

P 078 Ceramics Processed by Precursor Sol Infiltration Technique

SanchitaBaitalik,OmprakashChakrabarti, NijhumaKayal*

Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR, 196, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-

700 032, India

E-mail: sbsbsanchita01@gmail.com

Mullite bonded porous SiC ceramics were synthesized by infiltrating into powder

compact of SiC with a liquid precursor of mullite and subsequent heat treatment1. The effect

SiC particle size on phase composition, microstructure, SiC oxidation degree, flexural

strength, porosity and pore size distribution were studied. SiC particles bonded by mullite

and oxidation derived SiO2 formed an interconnected porous network. The porosity varied in

the range of 29.71 to 36.57 vol. % and was found to be dependent on the SiC particle size

and sintering temperature. The oxidation degree of SiC was found to be reduced by

infiltration of mullite precursor sol and enhanced with sintering temperature. Bimodal pore

size distribution patterns were obtained for all samples which might be due to wide variation

of starting SiC powder sizes. The average pore diameter of the mullited bonded porous SiC

(MBSC) ceramics sintered at 1500oC were found to be 1.69 μm, 11.13 μm and 25.48 μm

respectively for the samples prepared using SiC powder with d50 = 4.47 μm, 51.77 μm and

130

99.26 μm. The MBSC ceramics prepared using SiC powder with d50 = 51.77 μm sintered at

1500 oC exhibited a flexural strength and Young’s modulus of 39.15 MPa and 26.61GPa

respectively, at a porosity of 31.62 vol. %. Higher flexural strength and elastic modulus were

achieved with decrease of the particle size of SiC.

Reference

1) NijhumaKayal, AtanuDey, OmprakashChakrabarti. Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2012, 535, 222-

227.

P 079 Analysis of Composite Material Made of Ridge gourd fiber

Reinforced with Corn Starch

Saran Kumar K*1, Karthick S

2,

1Faculty Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology

Tiruchirappalli, India. 2Faculty Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, National Institute of

Technology Tiruchirappalli, India.

Email: saranmay18@gmail.com., karthickmay10@gmail.com

In this paper an attempt is made to produce a bio composite using luffa fiber

reinforced with Corn starch. The development of high-performance materials made from

natural resources is increasing worldwide; Due to sustainability and environmental issues,

the need for remarkable achievements in green technology in the field of materials science

through the development of bio composites have increased. Luffa fiber is a very light-weight

natural material which has the potential to be used as an alternate sustainable material for

various engineering applications such as packaging, impact energy absorption, acoustic and

vibration isolation. The observation results showed that the fabricated composite after

reinforcement preserved the properties of luffa and moreover increased its flexibility and

strength. The composite was subjected to various test for checking its mechanical properties,

the result proved that the fabricated composite exhibited outstanding performance in all the

tests and also it has become an attractive proposition because of the increasing cost of

alternative and environmental pollution by synthetic composite. A comparative study

showed that the luffa composite outperforms a wide variety of conventional engineering

materials.

131

P 080 Correlation between Structural and Optical Properties of Dy

and Ce Doped ZnNiO Nanocomposites

Shijina K1, Megha U

1 and George Varghese

2

1Department of Physics, University of Calicut,673635,India

2Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Thiruvananthapuram,

Kerala,695004, India

Email: shijinalakshmi@yahoo.com

Synthesis of rare-earth metal (Ce, Dy) doped ZnNiO nanocomposites using poly

vinyl pyrrolidone –(PVP) as the capping molecules has been accomplshlied unisng the wet

chemical route. Structural and optical properties of surface modified Ce and Dy doped

ZnNiO are examined. X-ray diffraction indicates that all of the as-obtained samples can be

indexed to hexagonal structure. Correlation between the structural and optical properties was

studied for the synthesised nano particles.. The crystallite sizes of the composites depend on

the level of disorder, albeit to a limited extent, where minimum disorder matches with high

crystallinity. Significant functional correlation could be found between the differences in

experimentally observed crystallite size and Urbach energy. The photoluminescence spectra

of the samples show surface passivation effects in the ultraviolet emission.

Figure 1 The correlation between the difference in crystallite size (ΔG) and the difference

in Urbach energy (ΔEu) of Ce and Dy doped ZnNiO nanocomposites

References

1) Bin Zhang.;Xing-Tang Zhang, He-Chun Gong, Zhi-Shen Wu, Shao-Min Zhou, Zu

LiangDu Phy.Lett.A.2007, 372, 2300-2303

2) Said Benramache, Foued Chabane, Djamel Bensahal, Okba Belahssena. J. Power Tech.

2013, 93, 202-206

132

P 081 Synergistic Effect of CNT and Nanoclay on the Properties of

Chlorobutyl Rubber Nanocomposites

Shilpa K., Rincy Sebastian, Saritha.A* Department of Chemistry, Amrita Viswavidyapeetham University, Amritapuri, Kerala,

690525, India

Email: sarithatvla@gmail.com

Nanocomposites technology opens up a new era in the study of polymeric materials.

Carbon nanotubes, due to their extremely high mechanical strength finds use as a filler

material in many polymer matrices and can be viewed as one of the most promising area

driven towards commercial applications [1,2]. Nevertheless nanoclay is also equally good as

filler in enhancing the mechanical, barrier and thermal properties of chlorobutyl rubber

matrix. The nanocomposites were prepared using cloisite 30 B and carbon nanotubes

separately and a hybrid nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating these two fillers by

the process of solution mixing. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized and the

mechanical, dielectric, solvent diffusion and barrier properties were analysed. The results

show an enhancement in the aforementioned properties and reveal that both the carbon

nanotubes and nanoclay contribute synergistically towards the enhancement in properties .

The improvement of solvent barrier features in these nanocomposites is attributed to the

implanted impermeable platelet structure of nanoclay, which forces the penetrant molecules

to wiggle around them and thus creating a tortuous route for passing of penetrant [3-6].

Therefore, wherever good barrierity is needed such as chemical protective gloves,

commercial applications of these material products seem to be promising. Finally the

decontaminating efficiency of the nanocomposites were also evaluated.

References

1) Fei Deng , Masaei Ito , Toru Noguchi, Lifeng Wang, Hiroyuki Ueki, Ken-ichi

Niihara, Yoong Ahm Kim , Morinobu Endo , and Quan-Shui Zheng, ACS

Nano, 2011, 5 (5), 3858–3866

2) Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi, Ghasem Naderi, Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri,

Abbas Rahimi Forushani, Iraj Mohammadfam, Mehdi Jahangiri, Journal of

environmental health science and engineering, 12:51,2014, 1-8. 3) Meera AP, Thomas P, Thomas S: Polym Compos, 2012, 33:524–531.

4) Saritha A, Joseph K, Thomas S, Muraleekrishnan R, Compos Part A, 2012, 43:864–870.

5) Bhattacharya M, Biswas S, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhowmick AK

Polym Adv Technol 2012, 23:596–610.

133

P 082 Effect of Coprecipitated Nickel Ferrite on the Mechanical

and Magnetic Properties of Natural Rubber-Ferrite Composites

Sithara T, Aiswarya A R, Sreedha Sambhudevan* Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Kollam, Kerala-690525

Email: sreedha14@gmail.com

Polymers are usually non-magnetic in nature. The introduction of magnetic materials

imparts magnetic properties to the polymer as well as improves the physical properties of

polymer/rubber matrix. The advantages of polymer bonded magnets (PBMs) over their

metallic and ceramic counterparts include low weight, resistance to corrosion, ease of

fabrication and capability for high production rates. The nickel ferrite powders prepared by

coprecipitation method is taken as the magnetic filler which is an excellent substituent for

the metallic magnets due to their high stability in air, non-metallic electrical properties, high

volume density, corrosion resistance and low price. Natural rubber (NR) is taken as the

polymer matrix which has several excellent properties, such as high strength, outstanding

resilience and high elongation at break.

In the present work nickel ferrite was prepared by coprecipitation method. The

prepared ferrite fillers are embedded in natural rubber matrix by mechanical mixing at

different loadings to get the rubber ferrite composites (RFCs). The mechanical property

study reveals that tensile strength as well as Shore hardness significantly increases with filler

loading. The magnetic measurements were done on the filler and prepared RFCs. The

magnetic measurements were done and the results showed that the coercivity is improved

and the saturation magnetization is linearly dependent on the mass fraction of the filler,

while the tensile strength, strain at break and modules are highly influenced by the size,

shape and volume fraction of ferrite particles

Keywords: Rubber ferrite composites, coprecipitation, saturation magnetization, coercivity.

References

1) M. H. Makled and T. Matsui, Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 2009, 38, 7, 297-301.

2) M. H. Makled1, Y. Washiya, and H. Tsuda, T. Matsui, Journal of Applied Polymer

Science, Manuscript ID: APP-2008-12-4221.R1.

134

P 083 Synthesis And Characterisation Of Epoxy Composites From

Vegetable Oils

T.J.Sasikala, A.MalarRetna* Department of Chemistry and Research Centre,

Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-3, Tamilnadu, India.

Email:sasikaladhar34@gmail.com

Epoxidised vegetable oils can be used as plasticisers, stabilisers and lubricants in the

polymer industry. As energy demands increase, there is utilization of renewable resources

instead of petroleum based polymers. Vegetable oil is readily available and inexpensive, 1

can be used to synthesise various types of polymers. In the present study, epoxidised

vegetable oil has been synthesised from vegetable oil via peroxy acetic acid generated

‘insitu’ by treating acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor and sulphuric acid

catalyst. 2

Epoxidation has been confirmed by iodine value, oxirane oxygen analysis, fourier

transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thin layer

chromatography (TLC) analysis.

Natural fibres such as jute, sisal, banana, rice husk etc are locally available in

abundance and have excellent physical and mechanical properties and can be used more

effectively in the development of composite materials for various applications. Epoxy

composite samples were prepared from the natural fibre with different ratios using a

hardener. The mechanical properties viz. Tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural

modulus, inter laminar shear strength and impact strength and the physical properties has

been studied and will be discussed in detail.

References

1) Blayo, A.; Gandini, A.; Le Nest, J. F. Ind. Crops Prod. 2001, 14, 155 – 167.

2) Aigbodion, A. I.; Okieimen, F. E.; Bakare, I. O. J Appl. Sci.1999, 17, 27-36.

135

P 084 The Pervaporation Performance of PVA Nanocomposite

Membranes

Thomasukutty Jose

#, Soney C George*, Sabu Thomas

$

#Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046 #,* Centre

For Nano Science and Technology, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirapally,

Kerala, India-686518 $International and Inter University Centre for Nano Science and Nano Technology, M G

University, Kottayam

E-mail: thomasukutty88@gmail.com

One of the most important areas of pervaporation is the dehydration of alcohol. A

better separation is achieved by fabricating suitable membranes with good selectivity, high

permeability and proper mechanical strength1-3. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one of the

most widely used polymer materials for membrane based separation technology4-5. In the

present work we developed a new bentonite clay reinforced crosslinked PVA nanocomposite

membranes by solution casting method. The pure PVA membranes were crosslinked with

glutraldehyde (GA) in order to avoid the excessive swelling of the hydrophilic PVA

membranes. The membranes were used for the pervaporation separation of azeotropic

composition of isopropanol and water mixtures. The hydrophilic bentonite clay enhances the

separation efficiency of the crosslinked PVA membranes. The selectivity of the crosslinked

membranes increases 65% upon filler loading. The water permeance is showed tremendous

enhancement upon filler loading. The permeance value showed 100% enhancement upon

2wt% filler loading than that of crosslinked membranes. The 2wt% clay loaded membranes

shows well dispersed and well exfoliated structure and is evident from the TEM and XRD

analysis. So the developed crosslinked PVA/Clay membranes are effectively used for the

separation of water/isopropanol mixtures.

References

1) Darie, R.N.; Pâslaru, E.; Sdrobis, A.; Pricope, G.M.; Hitruc, G.E.; Poiată, A.;

Baklavaridis, A.; Vasile, C. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2014, 53, 7877-7890.

2) Liua, X.; Suna, Y.; Denga, X. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 325, 192-198.

3) Xia, S.; Dong, X.; Zhu, Y.; Wei, W.; Xiangli, F.; Jin, W. Separation and Purification

Technology, 2011, 77, 53-59

4) Strawhecker,K.E.; Manias,E. Chem Mater. 2000, 10, 2943-2949.

5) Yang, C.C.; Lee, Y.J.; Yang, J.M. J Power Sources. 2009, 188, 30-37.

136

P 085 Structural Characteristics and Magnetic Behaviour of

Cobalt Ferrite Filled Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Vishnu Jith U R, Arya Anil, Tomlal Jose E* Department of Chemistry, S B College, Changanacherry, Kerala, 686101, India

Email: vjithur@gmail.com

Ceramic composites having the unique advantage of easy flexibility and

mouldability will modify the properties for tailoring the devices ideally suitable for many

modern applications. Rubber ferrite composites (RFCs) containing cobalt ferrite (CF)

(CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in natural rubber (NR) matrix was prepared by two-roll mill

technique. Their structural characteristics and magnetic properties were determined for

different volume fractions of magnetoactive filler. X-ray diffractogram of CF samples that

were prepared by the co-precipitation method, exhibit the formation of pure spinel structure

with all characteristic peaks corresponding to cubic type lattice. Average particle size of CF

was evaluated using Debye Scherrer’s formula and found to be 22 nm which is consistent

with that obtained from TEM micrograph. SEM micrograph shows the homogeneous

dispersion of nanoparticles within the NR matrix without a considerable interparticle

agglomeration. Magnetic hysteresis was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer

(VSM) in a maximum field of 15 KOe at room temperature. The results showed that all the

parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) of

RFCs improved with increased volume fraction of ferrite particles.1 It is noteworthy that the

coercivity of RFCs increased considerably even compared to the filler and also with the

previous works.2

References 1) Mokhtar, N.; Abdullah, M. H.; Ahmad, S. H. Sains. Malaysiana., 2012, 41, 1125–1131.

2) Makled, M. H.; Matsui, T.; Tsuda, H.; Mabuchi, H.; El-Mansy, M. K.; Morii, K. J. Mater.

Process. Tech., 2005, 160, 229-233.

137

P 086 III-V Compound Materials Based Heterostructure Devices

T.D.Subash

1 and T.Gnanasekaran

2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

Annai Vailankanni College of Engineering, Kanyakumari, India. 2Professor and Head, Department of Information Technology, RMK college of

Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India.

Email: tdsubash2007@gmail.com, t.gnanasekaran@gmail.com

Abstract — High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been extensively studied for

their potential application in high power, high frequency, and high temperature amplifiers.

Double gate (DG) MOSFETs have emerged as promising devices for nano-scale circuits due

to their better scalability below 45 nm compared to bulk CMOS technology. The design and

simulation study of novel enhanced mode single-gate device providing stretchy gate control

is proposed in this paper. Synopsys TCAD simulator is used to analyze the performance of

the device. We demonstrated structure which provides threshold voltage Vth below 2V at Vds

=0.3V and a high Ion(Vgs=Vds=4V) up to 4 A/mm.

I. Introduction

For the development of next generation Terahertz monolithic integrated circuits (TMICs)

High electron mobility transistors (HEMT) devices plays a vital role. Based on the device

technology HEMT devices produce very low noise figure and for very high frequencies it

deliver high transistor gain. Enhancement mode multichannel GaN HEMT devices with high

on-state current have been demonstrated [1]. 5-nm gate GaN channel enhancement mode

MOS-HFET which has a repeal polarization field will provide low contact resistance [2].

II.Device Structure And Design The schematic cross-sectional view of a single-gate single channel HEMT implemented.

AlN is used a barrier layer of 3nm thickness and GaN is used as buffer of 40 nm and also

channel with a thickness of 20nm of HEMT device. HfO2 is used as an insulator layer of

thickness 30 nm. It is placed as a sandwich of all these materials. A single time is used thus

forms a single gate structure. These entire stacks are formed over a silicon substrate.

III. Conclusion

We have designed a novel enhancement mode single-gate and double-gate multichannel

HEMT structure. For all the three different device structures, the gate control has

strengthened and the voltage difference of transconductance peak is less than 1 V. For this

flexible channel controls the result shows the drive current of 4 A/mm. TCAD simulation

results shows the considerable performance upgrading novel HEMT device structure can be

used for RF application.

138

References

1) Feng.P, Teo.K.H, Oishi.T, Yamanaka.K, Ma.R, International Symposium on Power

Semiconductor Devices and ICs(ISPSD), 2013

2) U.Singisetti, M.Hoi Wong, J.S.Speck and U.K.Mishra, Electron Device Letters, IEEE,

2012, 33, 26-28.

P 087 Characterization of Water Proofed Silica Tiles by Confocal

Raman Imaging

Bhuvaneswari S, Nisha Balachandran, Sadhana R, Benny K George

Analytical and Spectroscopy Division, Analytical Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group, PCM

Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India.

Email: sbvssc@gmail.com

Confocal Raman Microscopy is a powerful tool for nondestructive imaging of

chemical composition of heterogeneous components in a film or coating. This paper deals

with the characterization of water proofed silica tiles used in thermal protection systems

(TPSs)1. Re-entry space vehicles require thermally efficient, rigid and flexible light weight

exterior thermal protection systems which have to withstand a wide variety of environments.

TPSs include ceramics such as high purity silicon dioxide which are very porous and often

have a void volume of over 90%. The insulation must be waterproofed so that it is unaffected

by water in any form, including high humidity. Water proofing of silica tile is achieved by

coating alkoxy silane based system, processed by controlled hydrolysis of siloxanes. Water-

resistant nature in silica tile is induced by the introduction of siloxane groups. Confocal

Raman spectroscopy was employed as a tool for the characterisation of water proofing of

silica tiles. Confocal Raman imaging2 was done on few batches of water proofed silica tiles

and the ones without water proofing. Line scan and surface scan was done on the tile to find

the extend of water proofing. Color coded images were generated by integrating over the

Raman peak of silanol groups. The region color coded in blue indicates the distribution of

silica and the region highlighted in green indicates the distribution of water proofing

compound in the scanned surface (Fig.1). Thus, from the images generated distribution of

water proofing compounds on the silica tile were discerned.

139

Figure 1. Raman image of Silica tile (a) without water proofing and (b) with water proofing.

References

1) Rick Gore, When the Space Shuttle finally flies, National Geographic, 1981, 159(3),

316–347.

2) Thomas Dieing Olaf Hollricher, JanToporski., Confocal Raman Microscopy, ISSN

0342-4111, Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht , London, New York.

P 088 Annealing Effect of Vanadium Oxide Films on Optical and

Structural Properties

C. M. Esther1, D. Porwal

1,2, , I. N. Reddy

3, Yougandar B

1, Sridhara N

1, D.

Rangappa4, N. P. Yadav

2, P. Bera

5, C. Anandan

5, A. K. Sharma

1, A. Dey

1*

1Thermal System Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560017,India

2Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi, U.P., 284001, India

3Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, T.N.,

600119, India 4Center for Nanotechnology, Center for Post Graduate studies, VTU, Bangalore, Karnataka,

India 5Surface Engineering Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore,

Karnataka, 560017, India

Email: carmelnano@gmail.com; arjundey@isac.gov.in

Vanadium oxide based coated surfaces show a smart optical window or switching

properties.1 Here, pulsed rf magnetron sputtering technique was utilized to grow vanadium

(V) oxide (V2O5) thin film was grown on quartz and silicon (111) substrates by direct

(a) (b)

140

sputtering method at working pressure of 1.5x10-2

mbar in room temperature. Further, the

coated samples were annealed at 100°C at vacuum (1.5x10-5

mbar). Duration of the

deposition time was kept constant at two different rf powers of 400 W and 600 W. The

transmittance and electronic structure of the coated samples were measured by UV-VIS-NIR

spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 200 to 2000 nm and X-ray photoelectron

spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Thicker film (i.e. at 600 W) showed lesser

transmittance than the thinner one (i.e. at 400 W) (Fig. 1a). Further, after annealing both the

cases significant and sharp changes of transmittance was observed in particular at near

infrared region of the spectrum (Fig. 1a). Further, it is expected to increase further towards

the far infrared region.2 This is plausibly linked with the formation of more vanadium (IV)

oxide (29% vs. 19%) after annealing found from XPS investigation (Fig. 1b). The remaining

phase was identified as vanadium (V) oxide.

Figure 1. Annealing effect of vanadium oxide film on the (a) transmittance and (b)

electronic structure

References

1) Batista, C.; Ribeiro, RM.; Teixeira.; V. Nano. Res. Lett. 2011, 6, 301.

2) Leroy, J.; Bessaudou, A.; Cosset, F.; Crunteanu A. Thin Solid Film. 2012, 520, 4823–

4825.

141

P 089 Polyaniline-Reduced Graphene oxide Hybrid for CO2

Adsorption

Avinesh D., Remyamol T., Honey John* Department of Chemistry, IIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India

Email: bobydirisina1994@gmail.com

There is a major scientific interest in preventing the release of CO2 and lowering its

concentration in the atmosphere, since the accumulation of greenhouse gases like CO2 in

the

atmosphere causes an enhanced greenhouse effect, leading to climate change and global

warming. The discovery of novel materials with large storage capacity of CO2 and

recyclability is a key challenge for realizing practical carbon dioxide capture. Carbon

nanomaterials are considered to be one of the most promising adsorbents for CO2. Recently,

it is demonstrated that graphene, the wonder kid in the carbon family due to its high surface

area shows good CO2 absorption capacity1. On the other hand researchers are interested to

improve the CO2 capture properties of amine-based solid adsorbents by utilizing solid

materials with high amine density. Polyaniline, the conducting polymer with low production

cost consists of chains of nitrogen containing groups, hence high CO2 absorption capacity is

expected in polyaniline. In this context, in order to achieve high CO2 capture by utilizing the

amine–CO2 interaction in polyaniline by combining the high surface area, porosity and

mechanical stability of graphene, we synthesized polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide hybrid

by a novel methodology. At first, graphite oxide is synthesized by low temperature modified

Hummers method2 and it is hybridized with polyaniline by in situ polymerization of aniline

followed by in situ hydrothermal reduction of graphite oxide. The hybrids are characterized

well and the surface area, porosity and CO2 absorption is studied by BET adsorption–

desorption studies. The hybrid sample shows higher CO2 adsorption capacity compared to

pristine polyaniline.

References

1) Mishra, A. K.; Ramaprabhu, S. AIP Adv. 2011, 1, 032152.

2) Remyamol, T.; Honey, J.; Pramod, G. Carbon 2013, 59, 308-314.

142

P 090 Functionalization of Nanoclays with Ionic Liquids

Eapen Thomas, Nisha Balachandran, Vijayalakshmi K.P., Sadhana R., Benny

K.George* Analytical and Spectroscopy Division, Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics Group,

Propellants, Polymers, Chemicals and Materials Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 022, India

Email: eapen_thomas@vssc.gov.in; t.eapen@yahoo.com

Functionalization of nanoclay is essential to enhance the dispersion, wetting and

compatibility of these inorganic particles in organic media like polymers for nanocomposite

applications. Ionic liquids (ILs) with versatile structure as organic modifiers are appealing

because of their high thermal inertness and green solvent properties compared to commonly

used alkyl ammonium salts.1,2

In the present study we describe preparation and

characterisation of IL-functionalized nanoclay.

Sodium Montmorillonite (Cloisite-Na+) nanoclays were treated with various 1, 3

dialkyl substituted imidazolium based ILs (Fig. 1a) to investigate the effects of the pairing

anions and alkyl chain length on extent of intercalation and thermal stability. The modified

clays were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, TGA and XRD. The d spacing of

Cloisite Na+

(12.08Å) was increased proportional to the alkyl chain length and maximum d

spacing of 14.38 Å was obtained for decyl substituted imidazolium cations. The maximum

thermal stability is obtained for clay modified using butyl analogue with d spacing of 13.2

Å. Although the thermal stability of pure ILs was mostly controlled by the type of the anion

present, thermal stability of the modified clays, at the IL cation loadings achieved in this

work, was controlled by the size of the cation.

(a) (b)

Figure 1. (a) Ionic liquids employed for the present study (b) TGA curves of Cloisite-Na+

clay and modified clays

References

1) Livi S., Duchet J., Gérard J.F., Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 354, 555–

562.

100 200 300 400 500 600

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Weig

ht (%

)

Temp (oC)

Cloisite-Na+

Clay-conventional modifier

Clay-Oct-IL

Clay-Dec-IL

Clay-Bu-IL

143

2) Gilman, J. W., Awad, W. H., Davis, R. D., Shields, J., Harris, R. H., Davis,C., Morgan, A.

B., Sutto, T. E., Callahan, J., Trulove, P. C., and Delong, H.C., Chem., Mater., 2002, 14,

3776-3785

P 091 Dielectric and Magnetic Characterization of double

perovskite Ca2FeMoO6 synthesized in H2:Ar gas

Jasnamol P P, Neenu Lekshmi P, Manoj Raama Varma* Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR – NIIST, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695019,

India

Email: jasnappalakkal@gmail.com

The double perovskites with general formula A2BB’O6 with A being alkaline earth

metals or rare earth metals and B, B’ being transition metals, exhibit absorbing properties

such as high temperature (above room temperature) ferrimagnetism, half metallicity,

intergrain tunneling type magnetoresistance, etc. In Fe based ordered double perovskite

A2FeMO6 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba; M= Mo, Re) compounds, Fe3+

(3d5, S=5/2) and Mo

5+ (4d

1, S=1/2)

[or Re5+

(5d2, S=1)] couple antiferromagnetically, where the conduction band is composed of

the 4d (or 5d) down-spin electrons of Mo5+

(or Re5+

) [1].

Monoclinic Ca2FeMoO6 with space group P 1 21/C 1, synthesized via standard solid

state reaction in H2:Ar mixture gas as controlled reducing atmosphere. The magnetization Vs

Temperature measurement shows a ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic Tc at 275 K. The

magnetic structure of Ca2FeMoO6 will be discussed. The dielectric constant Vs frequency at

room temperature is measured. The variation of imaginary (ε'') and real part (ε') of dielectric

constant with frequency is studied and is shown in the figure below.

Fig. 1 SEM image of Ca2FeMoO6

144

Fig. 2 Real part (ε') and Imaginary part (ε'') of dielectric constant Vs frequency

References

1) K.-I. Kobayashi, T. Kimura, Y. Tomioka, H. Sawada, & K. Terakura, Intergrain

tunneling magnetoresistance in polycrystals of the ordered double perovskite

Sr2FeReO6. Physical Review B, 1999, 59, 11159- 11162.

P 092 Unique Structural Realization in the Supramolecular

Complexes of Endohedral Fullerene – Porphyrin Systems

Keerthi G. Nair

§, Subhashree Raghavan

†, Biji Pullithadathil

§, Shankara Gayathri

Radhakrishnan†‡*

§Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641 004, India †Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University,

Thanjavur-613401, India ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria 0002, South Africa

Email: keerthiak89@gmail.com

The onerous goal to realize the artificial photosynthetic systems has been the zeal to look

for a variety of donor-acceptor systems.1,2

The present study investigates the charge transfer

properties of different noncovalently linked porphyrin-fullerene D–A systems. The

complexation behaviour of the most widely used electron acceptor being C60 and the an

endohedral fullerene titrated with three different porphyrins, absorption and emission

measurements revealed a 1:1 fullerene – porphyrin complex formation for all complexes.

The complex formation was further substantiated by the appearance of isobestic points in the

absorption studies with association constants (Ks) being 104

– 105 M

-1 showcasing the extent

of interaction among them. The surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms were carried out for

the floating monolayer of the endohedral fullerene – porphyrin complexes which formed

0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 100000004.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

5.0

'

"

f

'

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

"

145

very stable freestanding films. The monolayer of complexes was transferred on to the

substrates through LS (Langmuir-Schaefer) and LB (Langmuir–Blodgett) techniques. The

films of the complexes transferred onto a variety of substrates were studied using absorption,

atomic force microscopic (AFM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques.

The microscopic analysis of the complexes revealed aggregate formation with unique

structures whose mechanism of the aggregate formation shall be discussed.

References

1) Guldi, D. M.; Zilbermann, I.; Anderson, G. A.; Kordatos, K.; Prato, M.; Tafuro, R.;

Valli, L. J. Mater. Chem, 2004, 14, 303–309.

2) Vuorinen, T.; Kaunisto, K.; Tkachenko, N. V.; Efimov, A.; Lemmetyinen, H., Langmuir

2005, 21, 5383-5390.

P 093 Structural and optical properties of barium alumino

borosilicate glass

M.S. Salinigopal

1, N. Gopakumar

2, P. S. Anjana*

1

1Depa t ent of P ysi s All aints’ ollege T ivan u Ke ala In ia.

2P G Department of Physics, Mahatma Gandhi College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

E-mail: salums85@gmail.com, psanjanaa@yahoo.com

Rare earth doped 50BaO-(5-x) Al2O3- xRO-30B2O3-15SiO2 (x = 0, 5) glasses [R=

La, Gd, Nd, Dy] has been prepared by conventional rapid melt quenching technique. The

density of the as prepared glasses was measured using Archimedes method. The amorphous

nature of the glasses was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structural properties of

these glass samples were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy.

FTIR spectra revealed the existence of various structural groups in the glasses and

determined and differentiated the various vibrational modes in the structural changes. Raman

spectroscopy investigated the structural units and bonding structure of the glasses. The

optical properties of the glasses were studied using UV-Visible spectroscopic technique.

From absorption spectra, optical absorption co-efficient and optical density was calculated.

146

P 094 Oxygen vacancy induced charge order suppression in

Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 manganite thin films

Manoj K. Srivastava1,2,

*, Vasudha Agarwal1, Amarjeet Kaur

2, H.K. Singh

1

1CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110012, India

2Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India

*Email: manojk.sri2006@gmail.com

Polycrystalline Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 thin films (thickness ~100 nm) were prepared on

(La0.18Sr0.82)(Al0.59Ta0.41)O3(LSAT, (001)) single crystal substrates by ultrasonic nebulized

spray pyrolysis and annealed in air and oxygen ambient.1-3

The X-ray diffraction ‒2 scan

reveals that these films (i) have very good crystallinity, (ii)are oriented along out-of-plane c-

direction, and (iii) are under small tensile strain. The impact of oxygen vacancy results into

(i) higher value of paramagnetic insulator (PMI) to ferromagnetic metal (FMM) transition

temperature, i.e., TC/TIM, (ii) sharper PMI-FMM transition, (iii) higher value of

magnetization and magnetic saturation moment, and (iv) higher value of magnetoresistance

(MR).

The magnetic field (H) dependent MR data show hysteretic and sharp increase in

MR with magnetic field and possesses ~100 % MR at H= 50 kOe and T= 125 K which is

usefulformemory application. The magnetic state at T<TC is akin to cluster glass, which is

formed by the presence of charge ordered-antiferromagnetic clusters in the ferromagnetic

matrix. We suggest here that oxygen vacancy suppresses the antiferromagnetic-charge

ordered insulator (AFM-COI) and favors FMM phase while oxygen vacancy annihilation

leads to AFM-COI phase.3 These results clearly brings out that the oxygen vacancy has an

strong bearing on the growth condition and resulting magnetotransport properties.

Figure 1.Temperature dependent resistivity of LSAT-AIR and LSAT-OXY thin films. Inset

shows the variation of magnetoresistance with magnetic field measured at T=5 K and 125 K.

147

References

1) Tokura, Y.Rep. Prog. Phys.2006, 69, 797-851.

2) Tomioka, Y.; Hiraka, H.; Endoh, Y.; Tokura, Y. Phys. Rev. B,2006,74, 104420.

3) Srivastava, M. K.; Siwach, P. K.; Kaur, A.; Singh, H. K. Appl. Phys. Lett.2010,97,

182503.

P 095 Low-Cost Sodium Silicate Derived Mesoporous Silica

Aerogel Supports for CO2 Sequestration

N. Minjua, P. V. Abhilash

a, K.A. Shuhailath

a, A. Peermohamed

a, N. Balagopal

Naira,b

, S. Ananthakumar a,*

a Functional Materials Section, Material Science and Technology Division, National

Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Industrial Estate P. O.,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.bNoritake Private Limited, Japan

Email:minjuashok007@gmail.com

Carbon dioxide release has been an increased concern over recent years as its level is

reaching a symbolic 400 ppm threshold in the atmosphere contributing to the global climate

change. Among the available methods, sorption-based technologies are found promising for

CO2 adsorption. Single porous silica sorbents such as HMS, MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15

etc., are commonly suggested. The ordered porosity in the silica aerogels serves as better

carrier for gas storage application and provides better sites for functional modifications also.1

There are lots of work carried out on silica aerogels and its functional derivatives and among

these various reports suggest that one way to enhance the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity

of the porous sorbents is amine modification.2 The basic amino group acts as specific site for

CO2 capture by chemical adsorption.3

In the present work, silica aerogel microspheres were synthesized from low cost

sodium silicate precursor using ambient pressure drying technique. The prepared aerogel

beads were surface modified via amine grafting by introducing APTMS/PEI amine mixtures.

It was found that the adsorption capacity varied linearly with the amine contents. The SiO2-

15%PEI hybrid aerogel shows maximum adsorption capacity (55.77 mg/g) among all the

organic hybrid aerogel. For modifying the hydrophilic degree of the porous beads PVA

incorporated aerogel were prepared. Compared to the PVA-APTMS/PVA-PEI aerogel beads

with silica supports, SiO2-PVA with amine admixtures showed comparatively higher

adsorption of about 50.45 mg/g. For tailoring the properties of the adsorbent amine

functionalized Al2O3 and ZnO were incorporated in to the porous adsorbent matrix.

148

References

1) Sarawade, P. B.; Quang, D. V.; Hilonga, A.; Jeon, S. J.; Kim, H. T. Mater. Lett. 2012,

81, 37-40.

2) Cui, S.; Cheng, W.; Shen, X.; Fan, M.; Russel, A.; Wu, Z.; Yi, X. Energy Environ. Sci.

2011, 4, 2070-2074.

3) Sanz, R.; Calleja, G.; Arencibia, A.; Sanz-Pérez, E. S. Micrp. Mesop. Mater. 2012, 158,

309–317.

P 096 Stimuli-Controlled Switching of Electronic Property in

Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes within “N-Heterocyclic Carbene

(NHC)- Pyridyl” Dynamic Platform

Moumita Mondal, Ranjeesh T. K., Suraj K. Gupta, Joyanta Choudhury* Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,

IISER Bhopal, Bhopal-462066, MP (India)

E-mail: mmita@iiserb.ac.in

Modulation of electronic properties of organometallic complexes by external stimuli

(e.g. chemical, light, electrochemical etc.) is of extreme importance in the fields of switchable

catalysis1 and smart molecular materials

2. Examples of stimuli switching in above mentioned

areas are rare. In this poster, we present M-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes (M =

Ru, Ir), where a remote pyridine site is utilized efficiently to explore the possibility of

stimuli-controlled switching of the electronic properties of the system. On application of

chemical stimuli (e.g. acid/base), pyridine nitrogen undergoes reversible protonation

/deprotonation, whereas a reversible coordination and de-coordination of metal center is

achieved with a controlled modulation of electronics of NHC bound metal center. The above

interesting and important switching behavior has been studied by 1H and

13C NMR

spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods.3 We are exploring the potential of the above

stimuli-responsive chemistry in catalysis (e.g., transfer hydrogenation, C-H bond arylation) as

well as in materials (electrochromic materials).

149

References

1) (a) Bielawski, C.W. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9420; Long, N.J. Edward, L.M. J.

Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 7410.

2) Mendes, P.M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 2512; Rovira, C. Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 359.

3) Mondal, M. et al. Dalton Trans. 2014, 43, 9356.

P 097 Thickness dependent Phase-separation in

La0.58-yPryCa0.42MnO3 (y=0.40) manganite thin films

Vasudha Agarwal*, H.K. Singh National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110012, India

Email:vasudha.ag87@gmail.com

Phase separation (PS) is believed to be the key ingredient of the physics of doped

rare earth manganites.1,2

It dominates the composition-temperature (x-T) diagram of

intermediate and low bandwidth manganites like Nd1-xSrxMnO32, Sm1-xSrxMnO3

3 and La1-x-

yPryCaxMnO3.4

In this report we have investigated the effect of thickness induced strain in

L0.18Pr0.40Ca0.42MnO3 thin films. These films were deposited by using RF magnetron

sputtering on single crystal LaAlO3/100 substrates of thickness 30nm, 70nm and 100nm. All

films are having single phase and oriented along substrate. All films are under compressive

strain which relaxed with increasing thickness. Magnetic data (M-T) of these films do not

show any charge ordering peak which is generally observed in these system. This is due to

compressive strain in these films. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and Field cooled cool (FCC)

divergence and strong hysteretic FCC-FCW M-T curves brings out the highly phase

separated nature of the system. The phase separation tendency appears to be weaken at

150

higher film thickness. FM (AFM) fraction is observed to increase (decrease) with film

thickness and this could be related to defects caused by the gradual strain relaxation. Zero

field insulator-metal transition (IMT) was not observed in 30nm film while films with higher

thickness (100 nm) shows well defined sharp and hysteretic IMT.

Figure 1. Temperature dependent ZFC, FCC and FCW magnetization of the 100nm (main-

panel) and 30nm (upper inset) L0.18Pr0.40Ca0.42MnO3 thin films measured at H=100Oe. The

lower inset shows the temperature dependent zero field resistivity of 30nm and 100nm films.

References

1) Dagotto, E.; Hotta, T.; Moreo, A. Phys. Rep. 2001, 344, 1-153.

2) Tokura, Y.; Rep. Prog. Phys.2006, 69, 797-851.

3) Tomioka, Y.; Hiraka, H.; Endoh, Y.; Tokura, Y. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74, 104420.

4) Uehara, M.; Mori, S.; Chen, C. H.; Cheong, S.-W. Nature 1999, 399, 560.

151

P 098 Biomass-Based Adsorbents for Reactive Barriers -Kinetic

and Equilibrium Modeling of Pb(II) Adsorption

U.S. Aswathy1,2

, Nisha Mathew1, G.R. Divya

1, Arya Vijayan

1,2, S. Arya

1, K. Anoop

Krishnan1*

1Chemical Sciences Division, National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Akkulam,

Trivandrum, 695031, India 2Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Trivandrum, 695015, India

Email: achuloveschemistry@gmail.com

Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is a promising technology for remediation of

polluted water bodies1. PRBs consist of a permeable zone facilitating tidying of

contaminated plume through immobilization/transformation of pollutants through

physical/chemical processes2. For effective remediation based on sorption, reactive media

like activated carbon, zeolite, peat for organic compounds and heavy metal removal has

gained significance. Our research interest is to evaluate the sorption capacities of various

cost-effective biomass based materials for heavy metal removal and their modifications as

reactive materials for PRB.

We examine the potential of seven cost-effective biomass-based adsorbents (as-

prepared or modified) along with commercial TiO2 nanoparticles as reactive materials for

removal of toxic Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments facilitated optimization

of various operational conditions - solution pH, initial concentration of Pb(II) ions, adsorbent

dose, contact time, temperature, ionic strength - for adsorption process. pH 5.5-6.5 favored

adsorption process and pseudo-first-order/pseudo-second-order kinetics were applied to

evaluate rate of removal3. Equilibrium data were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich

isotherms. High adsorption capacities of the investigated materials for Pb(II) ions (Figure 1)

were explained on the basis of surface morphology and functionality. Our studies reveal the

capability of investigated adsorbents as potential materials for hybrid reactive barriers for

Pb(II) removal from contaminated plumes.

152

References

1) Liu, T.; Yang, X.; Wang, Z.L.; Yan, X. Water Res. 2013, 47, 6691-6700.

2) Conca, J.L.; Wright, Appl. Geochem. 2006, 21, 2188-2200.

3) Krishnan, K.A.; Anirudhan, T.S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41, 5085-5093.

P 099 Preparation and Characterization of Alginate Dialdehyde -

Gelatin Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles Indented for

Tissue Engineering Applications Resmi R

*, Roy Joseph

#, Annie John

*

* TEM Lab., # Polymer Processing Laboratory, BMT Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for

Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India

E.mail:resmibiotec@gmail.com

Nanoparticles of silver are known to possess antimicrobial properties and have

been used for controlling medical device associated infections. In the present work a tissue

engineering scaffold which releases silver nanoparticles has been developed and evaluated.

The scaffold material was Alginate dialdehyde (ADA) - Gelatin (G) hydrogel cross-linked in

the presence of borax. Borax has the additional advantage of imparting antiseptic properties

to the scaffold. Silver nanoparticles were generated by a simple green synthesis technique

where the silver ions were reduced into silver nanoparticles by gelatin under UV irradiation.

The formation of silver nanoparticles was followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. TEM images

showed that size of the silver nanoparticle was about 20nm. Silver nanoparticles of different

90.09

62.51

33.33

116.48

142.86

54.32

12.65 8.23

0

40

80

120

160

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ad

sorp

tio

n c

apac

ity

(mg/

g)

Adsorbents

1. TiO2 nanopowder

2. Tamarindus indica

pericarp

3. Sediment

4. Saw dust carbon

5. Eleusine coracana husk

6. Rice hull

7. Capsicum frutescens stalk

8. Piper nigrum stalk

Figure 1. Comparision of Pb(II) removal by various adsorbents

153

concentrations (0.2-1.0wt%) were incorporated into the hydrogel and the effect of silver

nanoparticles on the properties of hydrogels were determined by FTIR spectroscopy,

Scanning electron microscopy, percentage swelling, rehydration ratio and equilibrium

swelling. Results showed that addition of silver nanoparticles did not influence swelling

properties of hydrogels. It was observed that with the increase in concentration of silver

nanoparticles, the antibacterial properties also increased. Cytotoxicity studies showed that

low concentration of silver was found to be non cytotoxic to the cells.

P 100 Synthesis And Characterization of a New Series of

Catalytically and Biologically Active Transition Metal Schiff Base

Complexes Derived from Quinoxaline-2-Carboxaldehyde

S. Mayadevi*, Preetha G. Prasadb, V.P. Jayachandran

c, K. K. Mohammed Yusuff

d

Department of Chemistry, N.S.S. College of Engineering, Palakkad-678 008, Kerala, India.

Email: mayadevi968@gmail.com, Tel : +91-9447217701, Fax

The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of an interesting

series of biologically and catalytically active metal complexes, ([M(QOD)mCln], M =

Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)), of a new ligand, quinoxaline-2-carboxalidene-1,2-

phenylenediamine containing a deactivating heterocyclic ring system.. Structural

investigations were carried out on the metal complexes by a combination of microanalytical,

spectroscopic and magnetic techniques. The results suggested distorted tetrahedral geometry

for all the complexes. The catalytic activity of the prepared complexes was determined

spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation of di-tert-butylcatechol to the

corresponding o-benzoquinone using molecular oxygen as the oxidant. The oxidation

activity of the metal complexes are in the order Mn(II)>> Cu(II)>Co(II)>Ni(II). To explore

the therapeutic potential of a deactivating heterocyclic ring system, all the prepared

complexes were checked for their antimicrobial activity against potent bacterial pathogens

such as E.coli, Proteus sp and Salmonella typhi and non pathogenic Lactobacillus. All the

complexes except Mn(II) are found to posses antibacterial activity.

N NH2N

N

M

ClCl

Figure 1. M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)

154

References

1) Cozzi P. G. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2004,33: 410

2) Mayadevi S., Sridevi N., and Yusuff K. K. M. Indian J. Chem., 1998,37A: 413

P 101 Studies on the Effect of Montmorillonite Clay in

Combination with TiO2 on the Properties of Chitosan

Vijayalekshmi.V

1*, Chithra P.G

1

1. Dept of Chemistry, S.N College for Women, Kollam, Kerala, 691001, India

Email:lekshmi500@gmail.com

Polymeric materials have been used for a wide range of industrial applications in

packaging and protective coatings.1 The use of biopolymers as components of composites for

packaging materials is very popular because of the biodegradable, antimicrobial, better

resistance to solvents, increased thermal stability and improved mechanical properties.2

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with an average particle size of 15nm were added

with nanoclay in different proportions into the polymer by solvent casting. Characterization

of the samples is carried out by XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible, SEM and TEM. The XRD pattern

and TEM images indicate that an exfoliated structure was formed with the addition of small

amounts of filler into the polymer matrix. The antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites

were studied using Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. From the study Gram

negative bacteria show more zone than gram positive bacteria. The optical band gap energy

determined from absorption spectra is found to be 2.5eV. TGA analysis shows that the

thermal stability of the filled chitosan samples is higher than that of the unfilled system. 20%

increase in tensile strength was observed in the case of 5wt% nanofiller loading.

References

1) Casariego,A; Souza, B.W.S.; Cerqueira,M.A.; Teixeira,J.A.; Cruz,.L.; Diaz,R.;

Vicente,A.A. Food hydrocolloids; 2009, 23, 1895-1902.

2) Wang, S.F.; Shen,L.; Tong, Y.J.;Chen,L.; Phang,I.Y.; Lim,P.Q.; Li,T.X. Polymer

Degradation and Stability;2005, 90, 123-131.

155

P 102 Graphene Oxide/ Boron Nitride Composite Foam with

Enhanced Mechanical Stability

Soumya Vinod, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary, Pulickel M.Ajayan* Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas,

770005, USA

Email: sv7@rice.edu

Three dimensional (3D) structures built from nanomaterials lead to exciting novel

properties due to the synergistic effect of the material and the engineered assembly thereby

finding great use in energy storage, catalysis and structural components.1 The unique

physical properties of two dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene make them

promising building blocks in creating multifunctional 3D structures.2 However, low

mechanical/ thermal stabilities and complex processing still remain a challenge. Here, we

have developed a low density foam from graphene oxide (GO) and hexagonal-boron nitride

(h-BN) building blocks that exhibits high mechanical and thermal stabilities compared to

conventional graphene foams. The foam was synthesized using simple solution chemistry

followed by lyophilization. The presence of h-BN aided the formation of large plates of

conjoined GO sheets stacked to form a porous 3D network (Figure 1). A significant

improvement in the mechanical properties was observed in the composite foam when

compared to pure GO foam. This unique structure when subjected to compression undergoes

bending of layers thereby preventing cracks being formed in the structure. The foam was

able to withstand a strain of 35% and maintained the stiffness at a high temperature of

3000C. The superior properties and scalable synthesis of GO/h-BN composite foam makes it

an attractive material for wide range of potential applications.

Figure 1. Layered structure of GO/h-BN hybrid foam

156

References

1) Tiwari, J. N.; Tiwari, R. N.; Kim, K. S.; Progress in Materials Science, 2012, 57, 724–

803.

2) Butler, S. Z. et al. ACS Nano, 2017, 7, 2898–2926.

157