nc state university department of horticultural science clay amended pine bark decreases water use...
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NC STATE UNIVERSITY
Department of Horticultural Science
Clay Amended Pine Bark Decreases Water Use and
Phosphorus Loss
James OwenStuart Warren & Ted Bilderback
Environmental Concerns?
•Nutrients
•Water
FERTILIZER
SU
BS
TRA
TEIR
RIG
ATIO
N
The Container System
ContainerContainer
•Clay TypeStructure
•SourceLocation
•ProductionSizeTemperature
What Defines Clay Minerals?
•Clay TypeStructure
•SourceLocation
•ProductionSizeTemperature
What Defines Clay Minerals?
What Defines Clay Minerals?
•Clay TypeStructure
•SourceLocation
•ProductionParticle SizeTemperature
Materials & Methods
Design • 5 Treatments 3 Replications RCBD
24-48
4-20
TREATMENTS
8 PB : 1 Sand
8% Amendment 4-20 Dried 5-20 Calcined 24-48 Dried 24-48 Calcined
Materials & Methods• Cotoneaster dammeri ‘Skogholm’
• 14 - L Container
• 17 - 5 - 12 CRF
• Spray Stakes
Materials & Methods
DATA• Leachate Vol. Daily
NO3, NH4, P• Irrigation Vol. Weekly• Dry Weight
STATISTICS• ANOVA
Fisher’s Protected LSDTreatment Contrasts
RESULTS - Cumulative Irrigation Applied
8 Pine Bark : 1 Sand
5/20 Dried 4/20 Calcined24/48 Dried 24/48 Calcined
8 Pine Bark : 1 Sand
5/20 Dried 4/20 Calcined24/48 Dried 24/48 Calcined
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112
Days after experiment initiation
Wa
ter
ap
pli
ed
(L
)
8 Pine Bark : 1 Sand y = 1.83x + 57.82, R2 = 0.99
5-20 Calcined y = 1.64x + 53.13, R2 = 0.98
24-48 Calcined y = 1.49x + 46.01, R2 = 0.98
4-20 Dried (not shown)24-48 Dried (not shown)
RESULTS - Cumulative Phosphorus Loss
y = 16.4Ln(x) - 17.2
R 2 = 0.92
y = 12.8Ln(x) - 17.3
R 2 = 0.89
y = 5.8Ln(x) - 4.9
R 2 = 0.94
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 83 91 99 107
Days after experiment initiation
P l
each
ed (
mg
)
8 Pine Bark : 1 Sand
5-20 Calcined (not shown)
24-48 Calcined4-20 Dried (not shown)24-48 Dried
RESULTS
• Equal growth of Cotoneaster among all treatments
• Clay Reduced Water Use – 3 to 6 gallons • container-1
– ≥ 100,000 gallons • growing acre-1
• Clay Reduced Nutrient Loss– 28% - 62% phosphorus– 50% ammonium