Ann GordonMinistry of Natural Resources and

the EnvironmentBelmopan

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in the post

2012

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

ContentWhy Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

Scope of NAMAsMonitoring, Reporting and Verification

Current developing countries’ proposed NAMAs

Origin of NAMAs Paragraph 1 (b) (ii) of the Bali Action Plan calls for “Nationally appropriate mitigation actions’ by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”.

What is a NAMA

Appendix IIto the

Copenhagen Accord

Source: ECOFYS-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

Type of NAMA Description1. Voluntary and unilateral

NAMA associated with actions that developing countries would take voluntarily and unilaterally without support from developed countries

2. Supported Actions that require support from developed countries

3. Carbon Credit NAMAs

NAMAs associated with actions that developing countries are willing to take for the purpose of obtaining carbon credit as an outcome of implementing such actions.

Divergent Views on NAMAsAll NAMAs financed

According to countries own rules

Covering full incremental costs

No new offset mechanisms

Only financed if embedded in a low carbon development plan

Based on international review

Only covering some costs of GHG emissions

New carbon market mechanisms (e.g. sectoral crediting)

National Climate Change Strategy

Sectoral Strategy

Sectoral StrategyBUILDINGS > Implementation of building codes

> Define and implement building codes> Create institutions to support definition,

implementation and enforcement > Promotion of solar thermal use > Conduct study and implement pilots

> Information and capacity building > Incentives for efficient appliances

> Implement labelling regulation

Sectoral StrategyINDUSTRY

Source ECOFYS: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

Measurement, Reporting and Review (MRV)Unilateral: Mitigation

actions undertaken by developing countries on their own

MRV according to national standards

Supported: mitigation actions in developing countries, supported by direct climate finance from developed countries

Submit biennial update reports including a GHG Inventory report and information on mitigation actions, needs and support received. International Consultation and Analysis Credited: climate actions in

developing countries, which generate credit to be sold on the carbon market (e.g. sectoral crediting)

Directly Supported NAMAs Can be

Projects (e.g. Bus Rapid Transit lane)Programmes (e.g. energy efficient lighting program)Policy instrument and tools including:

Pilot programmes in local communitiesEnergy efficiency standard in buildings and transport sectorsAppliance labelling and provision of subsidiesPhasing out small inefficient power plants Inefficient cement and steel plantsReplacement of incandescent light bulbs with compact

fluoroscent bulbsRemoving fuel subsidies Appropriate taxation policies

Development and implementation of a (sectoral) strategy

National mitigation target

How can NAMAs be MRV’ed?Quantification of GHG emissions of

individual policies (complex and uncertain)

Supported NAMAs: Emission reductions not sold on carbon market MRV does not have to be based on emissions

Alternative indicators possible e.g. effective use, achieved outcomesSource: ECOFYS-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation

Actions: Insights from example development

Current Developing Countries’ Proposed NAMAs

Become climate neutral around 2020 • Costa Rica, MaldivesPercentage reduction of national emission below

BAU or base year in 2020 • Brazil, Indonesia, Israel, Marshal Islands, Mexico,

Moldova, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea Percentage reduction of intensity (national emission

per GDP) in 2020 from 2005 • China, India Detailed list of projects • Congo, Ethiopia, Jordan, Macedonia,

Madagascar, Morocco, Sierra Leone

What is needed?Initiate process of planning for and preparing for

NAMAs and put in place necessary institutional arrangements to support such an endeavour

Need to ensure stakeholder consultation in the process and preparation of NAMAs.

Re-examine the structure and operation of the CDM and its approval system in order to facilitate the increased flow of crediting proposals post 2012.

Strengthen the Designated National AuthoritiesAwareness needed on climate change mitigationAwareness by policymakers neededNo new institutions may be necessary to handle NAMAs

ConclusionsNAMAs should be based on well developed national and/or

sector strategies – Strategic, long-term, transformational measures – Allows for comprehensive, packages of actions – Can also address difficult CDM sectors (e.g. transport, buildings) – Can consists of several components – Measurement not necessarily on emissions – Can be lead to carbon credits or not• Learn from existing experience in development finance• NAMAs could also take place outside of UNFCCC (e.g.

bilateral and multilateral donors)NAMAs can be implemented through the use of domestic

resources and funding through the Green Climate Fund, complemented by the use of the market mechanisms, in a balanced manner.

Thank you for your attention!!