nationally appropriate mitigation actions for upscaling climate‐smart agriculture practices

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Na#onally Appropriate Mi#ga#on Ac#ons (NAMAs) for upscaling climatesmart agriculture prac#ces Armine Avagyan, Kaisa Kar/unen, Caroline De Vit and Janie Rioux Food and Agriculture Organiza?on of the United Na?ons (FAO) Montpellier March 1618, 2015

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Na#onally  Appropriate  Mi#ga#on  Ac#ons  (NAMAs)  for  upscaling  climate-­‐smart  

agriculture  prac#ces      

Armine  Avagyan,  Kaisa  Kar/unen,  Caroline  De  Vit  and  Janie  Rioux      

Food  and  Agriculture  Organiza?on  of  the  United  Na?ons  (FAO)  

Montpellier  March  16-­‐18,  2015  

Outline  

   1.  Concept  of  Na?onally  Appropriate  Mi?ga?on  Ac?ons  (NAMAs)  2.  Step  by  step  development  of  NAMAs  in  agriculture  and  land  use  sectors  3.  Financing,  tools  and  stakeholders  4.  FAO  online  learning  tool  on  NAMAs  in  agriculture  5.  Conclusions  

   

Background  on  NAMAs  NAMAs  concept  was  first  introduced  in  2007  in  UNFCCC’s  Bali  Ac?on  Plan,  

“  […]  Na(onally  appropriate  mi(ga(on  ac(ons  by  developing  country  Par(es  in  the  context  of  sustainable  development,  supported  and  enabled  by  technology,  financing  and  capacity  building,  in  a  measurable,  reportable  and  verifiable  manner.”    

(Decision  1/CP.13,  paragraph  1  (b)  (ii))  

Since  2010,  developing  countries  have  provided  informa?on  on  the  NAMAs  they  intend  to  implement.

NAMAs  key  characteris#cs    

In  line  with  na#onal  

sustainable  development  priori#es  

Reduce  GHG  emissions  

Monitorable,  reportable  and  

verifiable  

Can  receive  support  from  domes?c  and/or  interna?onal  

sources  

NAMAs  

NAMAs  benefits  

A  number  of  agricultural  prac?ces  can  not  only  reduce  or  remove  GHG  emissions  but  also  may:  •  support  climate  change  adapta#on    •  increase  market  efficiency  and  trade  compe##veness;  •  address    agriculture  as  a  driver  of  deforesta#on  and  other  land  use  

changes;  •  reduce  agriculture’s  contribu#on  to  non-­‐point  pollu#on  of  water  sources;  •  provide  social  benefits  through  improved  land  tenure  and  governance  

reform;  •  promote  access  to  energy  in  rural  areas;  and    •  foster  food  security.  

NAMAs  and  CSA  

GHG  emission  reduc#on  and  

removal  

Income,  produc#vity,  

and    food  security  

Climate  change  

adapta#on  and  resilience  

NAMAs  can  address  all  pillars  of  CSA  

Requirements  for  scaling-­‐up  and  replica#on  of  CSA  prac#ces  

Replica#on  &  scale-­‐up  

Successfully  implemented  CSA  prac#ces  

Suppor#ng  na#onal  policies  and  ins#tu#onal  arrangements  

Financing  sources  

NAMAs  can  help  scaling-­‐up    of  tested  and  successful  CSA  prac?ces  by  •  Suppor?ng  appropriate  policies  and  ins?tu?onal  arrangements,  and  

•  Opening  access  to  sources  of  financing.  

Step  by  step  NAMA  development  

Iden?fy  op?ons  Evaluate  and  

priori?ze  op?ons  Iden?fy  

stakeholders  

Engage  key  stakeholders  

Agree  on  responsibili?es  

Iden?fy  financing  sources  

Develop  a  concept  note  

Design  NAMA  

Implement  Collect  data  for  monitoring  

Evaluate,  report  and  verify  

Involve  all  stakeholders  

Fast-­‐track  NAMA  development  

reduces  the  number  of  steps  needed  for  NAMA  development;  secures  the  alignment  with  sectoral  and  na?onal  development  priori?es  and  policies;    makes  it  easier  to  deliver  sustainable  development  benefits;  and  demonstrates  in-­‐country  capacity  to  implement  wider  mi?ga?on  ac?ons.    

may  not  result  in  the  highest  possible  emission  reduc?ons  within  the  sector  in  contrast  to  the  in-­‐depth  pathway.  

9  

It  is  possible  to  build  NAMA  elements  in  an  on-­‐going  agriculture  development  programme  –  fast-­‐track  NAMA  development.    

Clearly  defined  responsibili#es  are  vital  

Iden?fy  op?ons  Evaluate  and  

priori?ze  op?ons  Iden?fy  

stakeholders  

Engage  key  stakeholders  

Agree  on  responsibili?es  

Iden?fy  financing  sources  

Develop  a  concept  note  

Design  NAMA  

Implement  Collect  data  for  monitoring  

Evaluate,  report  and  verify  

Involve  all  stakeholders  

Applica#on  for  funding  

Iden?fy  op?ons  Evaluate  and  

priori?ze  op?ons  Iden?fy  

stakeholders  

Engage  key  stakeholders  

Agree  on  responsibili?es  

Iden?fy  financing  sources  

Develop  a  concept  note  

Design  NAMA  

Implement  Collect  data  for  monitoring  

Evaluate,  report  and  verify  

Involve  all  stakeholders  

Iden?fy  financing  op?ons  

Apply  for  proposal  development  funds    

Apply  for  implementa?on  funds  

Apply  for  capacity  development  

Applica#on  for  funding  is  possible  at  various  steps.  

Sources  of  financing  for  NAMAs  in  agriculture    

Sources  

Domes#c  e.g.  government  budget,  private  sector,  subsidies,  

loans.      

Bilateral  e.g.  the  ICI  of  the  German  

government    

Mul#lateral    e.g.  the  NAMA  Facility,  the  Green  Climate  Fund,  

GEF  

Unilateral  NAMAs    

•  Financed  by  the  host  country  

Supported  NAMAs    

•  Receive  interna?onal  financial  support  

Hybrid  NAMAS    

•  Financed  by  domes?c  and  interna?onal  sources  

Types of NAMAs:

preferred option by funding agencies

NAMAs  also  aim  to    enable  environment  private  financing.

Criteria  for  NAMA  support  considered  by  climate  finance  ins#tu#ons  

Source:  Comstock  and  Davis,  2012,  adapted  by  Wilkes  et  al.  2013b  

• Amount  of  GHG  reduc?ons  • Transforma?onal  change  • Sustainable  development  benefits  • Sustainability  and  replicability  • MRV  of  GHGs  and  other  performance  metrics  

Effec#veness  

• NAMA  descrip?on  with  clear  boundaries  and  plans  • Consistency  with  na?onal  development  plans  • High-­‐level  poli?cal  support  and  country  ownership  • Support  from  sector  stakeholders  • Capacity  to  implement  

Implementa#on  plan  

• Budget  with  na?onal  contribu?ons  • Cataly?c  impact  of  interna?onal  finance  contribu?on  • Leveraging  private-­‐sector  investment  • No  duplica?on  with  other  finance  sources  • Risk  mi?ga?on  

Financing  plan  

Example:  Low  carbon  coffee  NAMA  

Costa  Rica  received  financing  (7  mln  Euro)  from  the  NAMA  Facility  for  ‘Low  carbon  coffee’  NAMA.    Objec#ve:  climate-­‐friendly  transforma?on  of  the  en?re  coffee  value  chain.  •  The  aggregate  emission  reduc?on  -­‐  1.85  million  tonnes  CO2eq  over  20  years.  •  Improved  standard  of  living  for  400  000  people.      Prerequisites  for  success  in  accessing  financing  were:      •  Demonstra?on  of  transforma?onal  impacts  •  Full  endorsement  and  support  by  the  na?onal  government  •  Significant  GHG  reduc?on  poten?al  •  Improved  livelihoods.  

Source:  h/p://www.nama-­‐facility.org  

Main  technical  barriers  for  implementa#on:    Data  availability  for  monitoring  

Lack  of    ac#vity  data   Missing  baseline  data  

High  uncertainty  in  data  and  emissions  factors  

High  variability  of  data  between  agencies    

Incomplete  data  

•  The  ac?vity  data  collec?on  is  required  for  MRV  systems  development.  •  GHG  measurements  are  necessary  if  the  country  wants  to  develop  country-­‐

specific  emission  factors.  •  To  start  with,  the  system  can  be  constructed  relying  on  the  IPCC  emission  

factors.    •  It  is  possible  to  apply  for  NAMA  funding  in  order  to  develop  a  MRV  system.  

 Overcoming  knowledge  barrier  -­‐  New  FAO’s  NAMA  learning  tool  for  agriculture  and  land  use  sectors  

 Module  1  

Climate  change  and  agriculture  

Module  2  Background  on  NAMAs  

Module  3  Step  by  Step  NAMA  

Development  

Module  4  Monitoring,  repor#ng  and  

verifica#on  (MRV)  

Module  5  NAMA  financing  

Structure  of  the  tool  

To  overcome  knowledge  barrier  FAO  develops  NAMA  tool  for  agriculture  and  land  use  which  aims  to  help  agriculture  sector  stakeholders  get  started  with  NAMA  iden?fica?on  and  planning.      Format    Web-­‐based  detailed  guidance,  Available  for  individual  learning  online  in  May  2015.        

FAO’s  support  for  NAMA  development    Knowledge  and  policy  support  

 Publica#ons:    •  Na?onal  planning  for  GHG  mi?ga?on  in  agriculture  -­‐  A  guidance  document  •  Na?onal  integrated  mi?ga?on  planning  in  agriculture:  A  review  paper  Webinars,  workshops  and  online  community  of  prac#ce:  •  Gekng  ready  for  the  Na?onally  Appropriate  Mi?ga?on  Ac?ons  in  Agriculture      •  Online  community  of  prac?ce  for  people  involved  in  NAMAs  in  the  agriculture  

sector  Tools:  •  GHG  monitoring  and  scenarios  comparison:  FAO  EX-­‐ACT  tool  •  Land  use  change  monitoring:  FAO  Collect  Earth    •  Data  development:  FAOSTAT    

   

 Alterna#ve  mechanism  for  scaling-­‐up  Na#onal  adapta#on  plans  (NAPs)  

         Currently,  FAO’s  aims  to    •  Develop  agriculture  specific  roadmap  for  NAPs  •  Strengthen  Ministries  of  Agriculture  as  key  stakeholder  in  the  NAPs  process  •  Establish  baseline  on  adapta#on    •  Conduct  advocacy,  capacity  building  and  knowledge  sharing  on  NAPs    •  Iden?fy  climate  finance  for  adapta#on  ac#on  FAO  and  FAO/UNDP  NAPs  Global  Programme  2015-­‐2018  Target  Countries:  Kenya,  Malawi,  Nepal,  Philippines,  Thailand,  Uganda,  Uruguay,  Vietnam,  Zambia  Dedicated  finance:  US$  13  M  

For further details contact: [email protected] [email protected]

In  2010    during  COP  16  of  the  UNFCCC  was  established  a  process  to  enable  least  developed  countries  and  later  developing  countries  to  formulate  and  implement  NAPs  for  medium-­‐  and  long-­‐term  adapta#on  needs.  

Conclusions  

•  Funds  available  for  NAMAs  can  be  used  for  scaling-­‐up  CSA  prac?ces.  

•  NAMA  development  requires  engagement  of  all  stakeholders.    

•  Coopera?on  between  academia,  research  ins?tutes  and  policy  makers  is  essen?al.  

•  Researchers  can  provide  data  and  evidence  for  scaling-­‐up  CSA  prac?ces.  

Thank  you  for  your  agen#on      

More  informa#on  at:  www.fao.org/climatechange/micca  Contact:  [email protected]  [email protected]