NationalismNationalismPreviewPreview:

–In your own words, define these words:

•ConservativismConservativism

•LiberalismLiberalism

•Radicalism Radicalism

NationalismNationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to their nation rather than to an empire—to the people with whom they share a culture and history

“Italy” in 1815 was not a unified nation; it was divided into 3 regions:

Parts were foreign controlled by Austria

and France

Parts were controlled by

the Pope

Parts were independent and had their own king

In the 1830s, nationalism led to a unification movement as Italians began to see

themselves as having a shared history (ancient Rome, Renaissance), shared

territory, shared enemies (Napoleonic Wars)

Giuseppe Mazzini Mazzini was a radical

who established the nationalist group Young Italy in 1831 to unify Italy & created a republic

Led a revolution in 1848 which led to a brief Italian republic (but Italy was not unified); Mazzini was overthrown & seen as too radical

Count Camillo di CavourIn 1849, the king of

Sardinia named Cavour Prime Minister; Cavour wanted to make Sardinia very powerful by increasing industry, reducing the Pope’s influence, & unifying Italy (but ONLY if Sardinia led the unification movement)

Giuseppe GaribaldiMeanwhile, in Southern Italy

remained isolated, radical nationalists prepared for a revolution

Giuseppe Garibaldi was a nationalist who had joined Young Italy & helped in the South American independence movements; he wanted a unified Italy under a republic

UnificationGaribaldi successfully led the

unification of the South, but Cavour is unhappy (does not want a republic; wants Sardinia’s king in charge)

Cavour tricked Garibaldi into giving up his conquests to Sardinia—Italy’s North & South are unified & a new Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy

By 1871, all French territories are reclaimed & unification is complete

German Unification

RealPolitik & the

Belligerent Bismarck

Germany in 1815Germany was the last European

country to unifyAfter the Congress of Vienna, 39

independent German states merged into the German Confederation

PrussiaPrussia badly wanted to unify these

39 states into a new nation, Germany

–Otto von Bismarck was Prime Minister of Prussia who used RealPolitik— pursue goals by any means necessary (go to war, lie, break treaties)

To do this, Bismarck led Prussia to war

Seven Weeks War against Austria led to the North German Confederation (a united

northern Germany under Prussia’s control)

Franco-Prussian War against France to convince the Catholics in southern Germany that unification with Prussia was better than

unification with France

A United GermanyAs a result of military victories,

Prussia gains support from all German states for unification; 25 states become united under 1 union:–In 1871—Wilhelm I becomes KaiserKaiser

(emperor); Bismarck becomes ChancellorChancellor (Prime Minister)

–Each state has a local ruler, army, & handles its own domestic affairs

–Kaiser heads national government

Nationalism Experiential Exercise You are part of the Gator Empire;

I decide where you sit, rules and what you can and can not do

Nationalism has been growing among the students in the classroom and has led some of you to want to break away and form new nations

Nationalism Experiential Exercise To form a nation, you must:

– Find students in the room who are most “like” you and see if they would be willing to join your nation.

– Form a nation by sitting in desks but the desks cannotcannot move. Everyone must be seated at a desk.

– Create a national flag that shows the common elements that bind you together.

– Create a list of common characteristics for your nation.