national traffic safety and environment laboratory japan ntsel oil#58: shorten test procedure...

National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 　　 JAPANJAPAN

NNTTSS EELLNTS EL

OIL#58: Shorten test procedure(validation test in phase 1a)

National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL

Trial Tests with Multi Cycle Test Method

• Test vehicle: Leaf (Nissan)

• Test plan

(1)SCT (Single cycle test)

To conduct the range test for each phase.

(2)MCT (Multi cycle test)

To consider MCT of WLTP based on SAE.

(3) Compare SCT and MCT


Proposed shorten test procedure with MCT based on SAE J1634

Shorten test procedure for WLTC MCT)（

The distance exclude CSCmLow Middle High Ex- High Total

12.36 19.04 14.32 16.5 62.22 km

2356 1732 910 646 5644 sec

km

Eachphase

Low Middle＋ High Ex- High＋31.40 30.82

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Time (s)

Spee

d (km

/h)

WLTC v5

Low3.09km589s

Middle4.76km433s

High7.16km455s

Ex- High8.25km323s

CSCM

55mph89km/ h（）

CSCE

55mph89km/ h（）

Low13.09km（）

9min 49s

High17.16km（）

7min 35s

Ex- High18.25km（）

5min 23s

Middle14.76km（）

7min 13s

Low23.09km（）

9min 49s

Middle24.76km（）

7min 13s

To prevent uneven condition, number of Low/ Middle１） should be several times.

Before CSCm and after CSCm should be same.２）

Low33.09km（）

9min 49s

High27.16km（）

7min 35s

Ex- High28.25km（）

5min 23s

Middle34.76km（）

7min 13s

Low43.09km（）

9min 49s

Middle44.76km（）

7min 13s


Test vehicle

4

Condition

4WD Chassis dynamometer FF 2WD mode

Setting weight (for WLTP gtr condition) 1681kg

Ambient temperature deg.C 25

Vehicle condition:2011 Model(ZAA-ZE0)Odometer : 4868 km (before the test)


Measured Ranges with SCT

Phase Range UBEUsable Battery Capacity

EacAC Recharge Energy

Low 177.1 km 18.7 kWh 23.6 kWh

Middle 170.1 km 19.7 kWh 24.3 kWh

High 147.3 km 20.2 kWh 24.8 kWh

Ex-High 98.5 km 19.5 kWh 24.3 kWh

This SCT test were conducted in the comparison with MCT and only Middle and Ex-High phases were conditioned in this test.

Test Results with SCT


Example: Measured Discharge Energy with SCT(Middle)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Dis

char

ge E

nerg

y Ed

c W

h

Cycles


Measured Energy Consumption with MCT

Phase Distance km Edc WhDischarge Energy

ECdc Wh/kmEnergy Consumption

Low1 3.10 377 121.6 Middle1 4.75 632 133.2 High1 7.12 986 138.4

Ex-High1 8.25 1652 200.3 Middle2 4.75 542 114.0

Low2 3.10 335 108.2 CSCM 50.25 7537 150.0 Low3 3.09 335 108.6

Middle3 4.74 552 116.5 High2 7.11 970 136.4

Ex-High2 8.24 1651 200.3 Middle4 4.75 539 113.6

Low4 3.08 336 109.1 CSCE 24.26 3495 144.1

Usable Discharge Energy 19.9 kWh

Usable Discharge Energy is the summation of Edc.


SOC variation

0

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60

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120

140

160

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

driv

e le

ngth

km

SO

C

phase

START SOC

END SOC


The range with MCT was estimated by the following equations.

Energy Consumption Wh/km = k1×EC1+ k2×EC2 + k3×EC3+ k4×EC4

Range km = (Usable Discharge Energy Wh) / (Energy Consumption Wh/km)

For middle range;Energy Consumption Wh/km = k1×ECmiddle1+ k2×ECmiddle2 +

k3×ECmiddle3+ k4×ECmiddle4

= 115.3 Wh/km

Range km =19.9 kWh/ 115.3 Wh/km = 172.9 km

k1=(Discharge Energy for the first Cycle Wh) / (Usable Discharge Energy Wh)

k2= k3= k4 =(1- k1)/3

Where,

k1 = 632 Wh / 19.9 kWh = 0.03

k2 = k3 = k4 = (1- k1)/3 = 0.32

Calculation equations for ranges with MCT


Phase Measured Range

(SCT)

Estimated Range

(MCT)

Comparison

SCT vs MCT

Low 177.1km 183.2km 6.1km 3.6%

Middle 170.1km 172.9km 2.8km 1.7%

High 147.3km 146.1km 1.2km 0.8%

Ex-High 98.5km 99.5km 1.0km 1.1%

The results show that the error was small. Thus, it is considered that the shorten test procedure with MCT is usable.

Time reduction effect with the shorten test procedure with MCT

　　 The measurement of four ranges with SCT consumed 22:00.

　　 The measurement of four ranges with MCT consumed 3:30.

Estimated Range with MCT


Ranges Single Cycle Test Shorten test procedure

WLTC range only 3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for re-charge

3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for re-charge

WLTC range and WLTC city range

5aysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for chargeDay4 for WLTP city SCTDay5 for re-charge

3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTCalculation is applied for WLTP city rangeDay3 for re-charge

WLTC range,Low phase range,Middle phase range,High phase range and Extra High phase range

11daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for chargeDay4 for Low phase SCTDay5 for chargeDay6 for Middle phase SCTDay7 for chargeDay8 for High phase SCTDay9 for chargeDay10 for extra High phase SCTDay11 for re-charge

3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTCalculation is applied for other rangesDay3 for re-charge

Effect in duration reduction for tests


Single Cycle Test Shorten test procedure

Range [km] UBE [Wh] DC electricity consumption [Wh/km]

method Constant speed NA Affected NA

Cycle sequenceOrder of phases

NA NA Affected

Cycle configurationLength of CSC

NA NA Affected

Measurement Speed pattern tracing Strongly affectedEspecially for the final cycle

NA Affected

Robustness: Can the both test procedures produce good agreements on results with other

PEVs?⇒ Demand for validation tests

Concerns

Fluctuation: Influencing factors on range measurement


Fluctuation in single cycle test

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 500 1000 1500

vehi

cle

spee

d km

/h

curr

ent A

time s

current

vehicle speed

0

20

40

60

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120

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0 500 1000 1500

vehi

cle

spee

d km

/h

curr

ent A

time s

current

vehicle speed

Measured range was 157.1 km Measured range was 149.2 km

Comparison of current and speed at 10th cycle

No power downTracing in 11th cycle was available

Power down at this timingTracing in 11th cycle was not available

•The variation of range is sensitive to driving situations in high speed parts of the cycle.

•If the test vehicle is driven successfully during high speed tracing, the range will be long. If it is not, the range will be short.

national traffic safety and environment laboratory japan ntsel oil#58: shorten test procedure...

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