shorten grammar

53

Upload: kiki-uratu

Post on 16-Feb-2016

61 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

ok

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Shorten Grammar
Page 2: Shorten Grammar
Page 3: Shorten Grammar
Page 4: Shorten Grammar
Page 5: Shorten Grammar
Page 6: Shorten Grammar
Page 7: Shorten Grammar
Page 8: Shorten Grammar
Page 9: Shorten Grammar
Page 10: Shorten Grammar
Page 11: Shorten Grammar
Page 12: Shorten Grammar
Page 13: Shorten Grammar
Page 14: Shorten Grammar
Page 15: Shorten Grammar
Page 16: Shorten Grammar
Page 17: Shorten Grammar
Page 18: Shorten Grammar
Page 19: Shorten Grammar
Page 20: Shorten Grammar
Page 21: Shorten Grammar
Page 22: Shorten Grammar
Page 23: Shorten Grammar
Page 24: Shorten Grammar
Page 25: Shorten Grammar
Page 26: Shorten Grammar
Page 27: Shorten Grammar

TIMP

FORMA FORMARE EXEMPLU UTILIZARE MENTIUNI

Prezent

Simplu

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S +vb+(-s, -es/pers.III,sg)

S + don't/doesn't + vb

Do/Does + S + vb ?

I always go to school in time.

He doesn't work every day.

Do you like pizza?

- In autumn, it rains very much.

- She likes ice cream better than

cakes.

- If it rains, we will stay at home.

-We will finish the work before he

comes.

-actiuni obisnuite, care se

mtampla in mod regulat, dar

nu neaparat in momentul

vorbirii;

-adevarari sau realitati

general acceptate;

-exprima opinii, preferinte

all the time, always,

every day (week,

month, year, etc),

most of the time,

often, usually,

sometimes, rarely;

-Tn actiuni viitoare,

cand este precedat

de if when, until as

soon as, before,

after

Prezent

Continu u Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + to be + vb-ING S + to be + not + vb-ING To be + S + vb-ING ?

! Timpurile contimine sunt

forme care apartin registrului

oral, limbli vorbite si sunt

rar folosite in regis trul scris!

I am going to school now.

He is not working now.

Arc you loving pizza?

- He is writing a new book.

-More and more perople from

Mexic are learning English. -Are

you doing anything interesting these

days? -My sister is always wearing

my clothes!

-Your English is improving!

- Why are you eating my ice cream?

-actiune care se afla în plina

desfasurare in momcntul

vorbirii;

-actiune care este in

desfasurare in prezerit, dar

nu se intampla exact tn

momentul vorbirii

-tendinta sau actiune care a

debutat recent,

-actiuni dintr-un prezent

mai lung, dar temporal",

-actiuni de lunga durata sau

obiceiuri -pentru situatii

care se schimba;

-pentru a te plange de o

situatie temporara

now, in this moment;

- numai vcrbclc

dinamice au forma

continuua;

- vb statice (de

perceptie,senzafie

activit. mental a,

relatie, posesie:

believe, realise,

think, suppose,

understand,see

know, hate, love

understand, own

mean,need, hear) ! -

vb to like -fara

forma continuua

Prezent

Perfect

Simplu

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + have/lias +vb (-ed, forma a

Ill-a)

S + haven't/hasn't + vb -ed sau

forma a Ill-a)

Have/has + S + vb (-ed sau forma

a III-a) ?

People have pointed the planet.

I haven't done my homework yet.

My parents have just arrived.

- actiune petrecuta si

incheiata intr-un moment

din trecut ce nu paote fi

precizat; cu rezultate ce se

vad in prezent;

- actiunc carc s-a incheiat

recent;

- actiune trecuta, parte a

unui proces neincheiat tnca;

- cu adverbe de

frecventa:

always,

sometimes, often,

etc;

- just, yet

- la intcrogativ sc

foloseste adverbul

already pentra a

sublinia uimirea;

Prezent

Perfect

Continu u

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + have/has + been + verb-

TNG

S + haven't/hasn't +been + vb-

ING

Have/has + S + been + vb- ING?

The boys have been playing football

since noon.

I haven't been gone for long.

Have you been working until now?

- actiune care a inceput tn

tecut și continua in prezent

- cu prepozitii

temporale since, for,

until

Trecutul

Simplu

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + vb-ED (vb. regulate)

S + vb (forma a II-a pt vb.

neregulate)

S + didn't + vb (inf. scurt) Did + S

+ vb (inf. scurt) ?

I played tennis last year. She will not has been reading this book by tomorrow. She didn't wash the dishes. Did you finish the homework?

-fapte si realitati din trecut;

actiuni repetate -actiune

care s-a desfasurat si s-a

incheiat intr-un moment

trecut determinat,

precizat;

- cu adverbe de timp:

in the morning, the

day before yesterday,

last night (month,

etc);

Trecutul

Continuu Afrm.

S + was/were +vb-ING

While my brother was listening the

radio / I was reading a book

-acțiune fn desfasurare intr-

un moment din trecut

-cu while -this time

yesterday,

Page 28: Shorten Grammar

Neg.

Inter.

S +wasn't/waren't + vb-ING Was/were + S + vb-ING ?

When the teacher explained, he

wasn't paying attention.

Were you sleeping at this time,

yesterday?

- They were playing, talking and

laughing during the class.

-actiune care se desfasoara

concomitent cu o alta

actiune;

-pt a descrie o scena din

trecut.

-Monday at this

hour, etc

Trecutul

Perfect

Simplu

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + had + vb (ed, forma a Ill-a)

S + hadn't + vb (-ed,forma a III-a)

Had + S + vb(-ed, a III-a forma)?

I had come home before my mother

arrived from office.

She hadn't finished her work before

midnight.

Had you gone to the airport?

- actiune care s-a petrecut

inantea unei alte actiuni din

trecut.

- before

Trecutul Perfect

Continuu Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + had + been + vb-ING

S + hadn't + been + vb-ING

Had + S + been + vb-ING ?

I had been writing a letter for 20

minutes.

She hadn't been gone more dian half

an hour.

Had you been learning all night?

- actiune care s-a desfasurat

continuu pe o perioada de

timp si s-a incheiat inaintea

unui alt timp.

- since, for

- all day (night,

year; etc)

Viitorul

Simplu

Aff.

Ncg.

Inter.

S + shall/will + vb(inf.scurt)

S + shall not/ won't +

vb(inf.scurt)

Shall/will + S + vb(inf. scurt) ?

TO BE GOING TO...(pt

planuri, intentii)

I shall visit Paris next week.

She will not (won't) go to her cousin

next Friday.

Will you come tomorrow?

-actiuni care vor avea loc

intr-un moment din viitor;

predicții,promisiuni,

invitatii, oferte, cereri

-interogafii despre viitor,

planuri ale aetiunilor

viitoare.

tomorrow, the day

after tomorrow, next

year; etc

Viitorul

Continu u

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + shall/will + be + vb-ING

S + shall not/will not + be + vb-

ING

Shall/will + S + be + vb- ING ?

I shall be flying at this hour

tomorrow.

He will not be living here next year.

Will they be reading books this time

in the week-end?

-actiune viitoare in plina

desfașurare intr-un moment

din viitor

Viitoml

Perfect

Simplu

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + shall/will + have 4- vb (ed.

forma a Ill-a)

S + shall not/will not + have + vb

(ed, forma a ITT-a)

Shall/will + S + have + vb (ed,

forma a Ill-a) ?

I shall have finished the exam by this

time next Wednesday.

He will not have gone to work by the

time you arrive home.

Will you have gained the money by

February?

-I think I will have finished my

homework by 7 o'clock.

-pt. a sublinia o actiune care

care va fi terminata intr-un

moment al viitorului

-by

- dupa think, hope,

expect, pt. a exprima

intamplari din viitor

care nu sunt prea

sigure

Viitorul

Perfect

Continu u

Afirm.

Neg.

Inter.

S + sliall/will + have + been + vb-

TNG

S + shall not/will not + have +

been + vb-ING

Shall/will + S + have + been +

vb-ING ?

I shall already have been turning old

when you will be 20.

She will not has been reading this

book by tomorrow.

Will you have been starting the

coursc when I will finish my

classes?

!! In engleza moderna

forma shall este f. putin

utilizata!

! Cea mai des folosita in

engleza vorbita si serisa e

forma prescurtata '11!

- already

Page 29: Shorten Grammar

VERBELE CARE NU SE CONJUGĂ LA TIMPUL PROGRESIV/CONTINUU sunt verbele care exprimă stări

sufleteshti,gânduri,opinii,atitudini ( feel , think , believe , trust , insist , let , want , apologise , advise , agree ,

refuse , state , end , finish ,etc.), precum și verbele modale sau care se comportă în anumite situații ca verbe

modale (can, may , must , need , shall , will)

De obicei NU se folosesc la prezentul continuu verbe din următoarele domeniile:

PERCEPȚIE: see (vedea), hear (auzi), notice (observa), smell (mirosi), taste (gusta), feel (simți,pipăi)

GÂNDIRE: think { that } (gândi {că}), consider { that } (considera că), feel (simți,pipăi), understand (înțelege), know

(ști,cunoashte), realize (reliza), suppose (presupune,trebui), believe (crede), remember (a și aminti), recall

(reaminti cuiva, ca și " remind "), expect (aștepta la,să), appreciate (aprecia,evalua,prețui,crește în valoare)

SENTIMENTE: want (vrea), wish (dori), desire (a{-și}dori), like (place), hate (urî), dislike (a{-i}displace), care (a{-i}

păsa), refuse (refuza), forgive (ierta), mind (a{se}supăra), adore (adora), hope (spera), intend (intentziona), agree

(a fi de acord)

STĂRI ȘI CALITĂTZI PERMANENTE ALE OAMENILOR SAU OBIECTELOR : be (fi), belong (aparține), own

(avea,poseda), have (avea), contain (conține), include (include), comprise (cuprinde), weigh (cântări), measure

(măsura), cost (costa), resemble (semăna), consist (a fi format din), require (cere,solicita), need (avea nevoie)

ALTELE : concern (privi pe cineva/ceva), matter (avea importantză,conta), mean (însemna), seem (a{-i se}

părea{cuiva ceva}), appear (apărea), keep (păstra,respecta,continua să), disappear (dispărea)

Dintre acestea, unele verbele (care de obicei nu se folosesc la prezentul continuu) fac excepție de la regulã și se

conjugã la acest timp atunci când au urmãtoarele înțelesuri:

A VIZITA CEVA/PE CINEVA,A CONDUCE PE CINEVA pt.verbul " SEE " (vedea): I'm seeing my fellow at railway station

(mi-am condus camaradul al garã); she is seeing me in this afternoon / she make me a visit in this afternoon

A SE GÂNDI LA CEVA/CINEVA pt.verbul " THINK " (gândi): I am thinking about my exams (mã gândesc la examele

mele); what are you doing right now ? I am thinking (ce faci chiar acum? - mă gândeam)

A ASHTEPTA,A FI ÎN CURSUL UNEI ASHTEPTÃRI pt.verbul " EXPECT " (ashtepta): she is expecting a baby (ea

shteaptã un copil)

A SERVI/A LUA MASA pt.verbul " HAVE " (avea): I am having dinner (iau cina)

A SUSTZINE/A DA UN TEST pt.verbul " HAVE " (avea): I'm having a test tomorrow (mâine dau un test)

A FACE pt.verbul " HAVE " (avea): I am having a bath / a shower now (fac o baie/un dush acum)

A SE COMPORTA pt.verbul " BE " (avea): you are being rude today (te-ai comportat nepoliticos astãzi)

A MIROSI/A ADULMECA pt.verbul " SMELL" (mirosi): I'm smelling the soup so that I find out what it is made of

(miros supa ca sã îmi dau seama din ce e fãcutã)

A GUSTA pt.verbul " TASTE " (gusta): I am tasting a cake; wow , what delicious it is ! (gust o prãjiturã;vai,ce

delicioasã e!)

A PIPÃI pt.verbul " FEEL " (simtzi,pipãi): I am feeling this fabric to see if it is made of silk (pipãi tzesãtura ca sã vãd

dacã e fãcutã din mãtase)

=============================================================================================

VERBELE CARE SE CONJUGĂ LA TIMPUL PROGRESIV/CONTINUU sunt verbele care exprimă mișcare sau

schimbare [ move , come , become , change , charge , pass , go , set , sit , stand , lay (asheza), lie (culca), do , make

get , run , rain, blow , snow, shine , remove , increase , rise , raise , fall , grow , improve , begin , start ,etc.]

Page 30: Shorten Grammar

127

VERBS AFTER WE PUT THE NEXT VERB WITH " -ING" (verbele dupa care punem verbe terminate in " -ing" sunt acelea care cer, in varianta romaneasca., infinitivul de forma "de a face/facerea" , celelalte cer infinitivul lung de forma " to do care in varianta romaneasca e conjunctivul "sa faca") Verbele care exprima placerea sau neplacerea: to like - to l ike doing (a-i place a face); to hate - to hate doing (a uri facerea) to love - to love doing (a iubi facerea); to dislike to dislike doing (a -i displace facerea) to enjoy - to enjoy doing (a se bucura de facerea); to regret - to regret doing (a regreta facerea) to rejoice - to rejoice doing (a sarbatori facerea); to resent - to resend doing (a lua in nume de rau facerea) to adore - to adore doing (a adora facerea) Verbe care arata inceperea sau terminarea: to begin - to bigin doing to start - to start doing to commence - to commence doing (a incepe facerea) to stop - to stop doing to finish - to finish doing (a opri facerea) Verbe care arata continuarea., intreruperea sau amanarea : to keep (on) - to keep on doing (a continua facerea) to continue - to continue doing (a continua facerea to delay - to delay doing (a intarzia facerea) to put off - to put off doing (a deconecta/intrerupe facerea) to postpone - to postpone doing (a amana/a nu da importantza cuvenita facerii) to adjourn - to adjourn doing (a amana /a suspenda/a intrerupe facerea) to interrupt - to interupt doing (a intrerupe facerea) Alte exemple: to remember - to remember doing (a -shi reaminti facerea) to forget - to forget doing (a uita a face) to recall - to recall doing (a-shi reminti facera)

to imagine - to imagine doing (a-shi imagina facerea) to miss - to miss doing (a rata facerea) to be worth - to be worth doing (a fi in valoare de a face) to mind - to mind doing (a-i pasa de facera) to prefer - to prefer doiung (a prefera a se face) to avoid - to avoid doing (a evita facerea) to risk - to risk doing (a risca facerea) to try - to try doing (a incerca facerea)

to intend - to intend doing (a intentziona facerea) to admit - to admit doing (a accepta facerea) to appreciate - to appreciate doing (a aprecia facerea) to consider - to consider doing (a considera facerea) to deny - to deny doing (a interzice facerea) to practice - to practice doing (a practica a face) to suggest - to suggest doing (a sugera facerea) to need - to need doing (a avea nevie facerea/a face)

Page 31: Shorten Grammar
Page 32: Shorten Grammar
Page 33: Shorten Grammar
Page 34: Shorten Grammar
Page 35: Shorten Grammar
Page 36: Shorten Grammar
Page 37: Shorten Grammar
Page 38: Shorten Grammar
Page 39: Shorten Grammar
Page 40: Shorten Grammar
Page 41: Shorten Grammar
Page 42: Shorten Grammar
Page 43: Shorten Grammar
Page 44: Shorten Grammar
Page 45: Shorten Grammar
Page 46: Shorten Grammar
Page 47: Shorten Grammar
Page 48: Shorten Grammar
Page 49: Shorten Grammar
Page 50: Shorten Grammar
Page 51: Shorten Grammar
Page 52: Shorten Grammar
Page 53: Shorten Grammar