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National Biomass Estimator Library
USDA Forest ServiceNational Biomass Estimator Library Forest Management Service Center2150 Centre Ave, Bldg AFort Collins, CO 80526Wang, YingFang5/9/2019
This document contains information for the National Biomass Estimator Library, user guide and installation instruction.
Contents1.Introduction22.Biomass Components and Their DLL Functions23.NBEL Species Regional/Forest Default Setup44.Install and User Guide for NBEL TesterSetup65.Installation and User Guide for MS Excel Add-in Functions96.Use NBEL DLL with Microsoft Visual Studio C# Project107.References10
1. Introduction
The national Biomass Estimator Library (NBEL) was developed by the Forest Management Service Center (FMSC). The NBEL synthesizes published biomass equations in US and also unpublished equations developed by FMSC. This collection of biomass equations and their associated metadata are stored in a SQLite database. The NBEL also integrates with the National Volume Estimator Library (NVEL) and tree species specific gravity and other properties to convert cubic volume to biomass. The NBEL is written in C# and has a graphic user interface (GUI) to allow user to query/view equations, calculate dry and green biomass on selected equation, view regional/forest species default equation for each component, and also setup local defaults. The NBEL is packaged as a maintainable Dynamic Link Library (DLL). The DLL has a function for each biomass component. All DLL functions will only require input parameters of Region, Forest, District, Species, DBH and Height to calculate biomass. The DLL functions will automatically use species default equation for the region/forest. If there is no default setup, they will convert cubic volume to biomass with component ratio method.
The units in NBEL are in English. To use the equation from NBEL, DBH needs in inches and height in feet. The biomass calculated is in lb.
2. Biomass Components and Their DLL Functions
From the collection of biomass studies, the biomass components and their DLL function are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. List of biomass components and their DLL functions from NBEL
ID
COMP ABBR
Description
Excel_function_name
1
CPT
Complete tree (above + belowground)
bmCompleteTree
2
AGT
Whole tree (aboveground)
bmAboveGroundTotal
3
AST
Whole tree (above stump)
bmAboveStumpTotal
4
STW
Stem (wood only)
bmStemWood
5
STB
Stem (bark only)
bmStemBark
6
STT
Stem (wood + bark)
bmStemTotal
7
TIP
Stem top
bmStemTop
8
BRL
Branches live
bmBranchesLive
9
B01
Branches live < 2.5 cm
bmBranchesLive_0_1
10
B13
Branches live 2.5-7.6 cm
bmBranchesLive_1_3
11
B3P
Branches live > 7.6 cm
bmBranchesLive_3_plus
12
BRD
Branches dead
bmBranchesDead
13
BRT
Branches total (live + dead)
bmBranchesTotal
14
AGB
Stem + branches (bark only)
bmStemBranchesBarkOnly
15
AGW
Stem + branches (wood only)
bmStemBranchesWoodOnly
16
SBL
Stem + live branches
bmStemBranchesLive
17
AWB
Stem + total branches (live + dead; no twigs or foliage)
bmStemBranchesTotal
18
FOT
Foliage total
bmFoliageTotal
19
FON
Foliage new
bmFoliageNew
20
FOO
Foliage old
bmFoliageOld
21
TGT
Twigs total
bmTwigsTotal
22
TGO
Twigs old
bmTwigsOld
23
FTG
Foliage + twigs
bmFoliageTwigs
24
CRW
Crown (branches + foliage + twigs)
bmCrown
25
CRT
Roots, coarse > 3 mm dia
bmRootsCoarse
26
SCR
Coarse stump roots
bmCoarseStumpRoots
27
CLR
Coarse lateral roots
bmCoarseLateralRoots
28
FRT
Fine roots
bmFineRoots
29
RTT
Roots total
bmRootsTotal
30
SMW
Stump wood
bmStumpWood
31
SMB
Stump bark
bmStumpBark
32
SMT
Stump total
bmStumpTotal
33
SMR
Stump + roots
bmStump_Roots
34
CON
Cones
bmCones
35
LCR
Live crown (branches + foliage + twigs)
bmLiveCrown
36
DCR
Dead crown (branches + foliage + twigs)
bmDeadCrown
37
BRS
Small branches
bmSmallBranches
38
MST
Merch stem (wood + bark) from stump to top dib
bmMerchStemTotal
39
MSW
Merch stem wood from stump to top dib
bmMerchStemWood
40
MSB
Merch stem bark from stump to top dib
bmMerchStemBark
41
TPW
Top (wood only) (from merch top to tip)
bmStemTopWood
42
TPB
Top (bark only) (from merch top to tip)
bmStemTopBark
43
SBT
Residue (stump + top limb)
bmResidue
44
BTP
Top limb (branches + tip)
bmTopLimb
45
WB1
Above stump wood and bark
bmAboveStumpWoodBark
46
WB2
Total wood and bark to min branches
bmTotalWoodBard_to_minBranch
47
B1P
Branches live > 1 inch
bmBranchesLive_1_plus
48
B0Q
Branches live <= 1/4 inches
bmBranchesLive_0_quarter
49
BQ1
Branches live > 1/4 inches and < 1 inch
bmBranchesLive_quarter_1
3. NBEL Species Regional/Forest Default Setup
The species default is important for biomass calculation. The regional/forest default for each species will need to be approved by regional measurement specialist and maintained by FMSC. Those defaults will be read only for user on the NBEL GUI. However user can set local default to overwrite the regional/forest defaults. The species default setup includes green weight factor, percent moisture content, bark to wood volume percentage, and equations used for each biomass component.
Table 2. Current NBEL defaults provided by regional measurement specialists
Region
Forest(s)
Species Code
Weight Factor (P)
Weight Factor (S)
Above Ground Total
Live Branches
Dead Branches
Foliage
Stem Tip
02
093
43
108
50
122
71
746
52
202
61
015
68
13
015
73.0
096
60.2
122
70.1
202
62.4
03
122
68.9
05
122
68
116
68
117
69
119
69
108
55
015
69
020
69
081
58
06
East Cascades
122
69
202
61
West Cascades (DBH<= 15)
202
51
West Cascades (DBH>15)
202
61
West Cascades
263
64
351
57
02
015
68
081
58
122
62
04
015
68.9
070
55.4
108
63.4
122
68.8
202
60.7
09
202
58
263
64
10
015
60
041
61
081
61
098
54
122
65
122
60
351
57
12
202
60.9
4. Install and User Guide for NBEL TesterSetup
(1) Download the install package NBEL_TesterSetup.msi from this web site: http://www.fs.fed.us/fmsc/measure/biomass/index.shtml
(2) Save the NBEL_TesterSetup.msi to a folder in your computer.
(3) Right-click on NBEL_TesterSetup.msi and then select Run Elevated to install
The NBEL TesterSetup is a graphic user interface to NBEL to view/test biomass equations, view regional/forest species defaults, and list of NBEL DLL functions. It has three tabs. The first tab is for view/test biomass equations. The second tab is for view regional/forest defaults and setup local defaults. It also allows testing calculation with the defaults. The third tab is list of NBEL function for each component.
View/Test Biomass Equation tab:
To view equation, enter Region, Species, Component, or reference Author from their dropdown list, then click on Get Equations button. Equation information will be displayed in top panel. To test the calculation from the selected equations, enter Region, Species, DBH, HT, Crown Length in the lower panel and then click on Calculate Biomass button.
Species Default Equations tab:
To view regional/forest default for a species, enter Region, Forest and Species, then click on View Species Defaults button to display its defaults. To enter or change local default, enter a valid value for the item you want to edit, then click on Save Local Defaults button to save your change. Note: if you reinstall NBEL TesterSetup on your PC, your local defaults will be lost.
To calculate biomass with default equation, enter DBH and height, then click on Claculate Biomass with Default Equation button. The dry and green biomass will be calculated. Reference author will also be displayed.
Excel Add-in Functions tab:
This tab lists NBEL function name for each component.
5. Installation and User Guide for MS Excel Add-in Functions
Download the Excel Biomass Functions install package from this web site: http://www.fs.fed.us/fmsc/measure/biomass/index.shtml
Installation of the NBEL Excel Add-In requires prior installation of the Microsoft .Net Framework version 3.5 SP1. The setup.exe will check the users’ computer to see if this prerequisite is met. If it is not present then setup will prompt the user to confirm installation of the .Net framework. If, however, the user already has the framework they can simply download and run nbelXllDeploy.msi. Right click on the install file and chose Run/Install Elevated.
Installing the Excel Add-In
If the .Net framework needs to be installed then follow the onscreen instructions for installation. This will take several minutes.
After installation of the .Net Framework or if .Net is already installed double-click the nbelXllDeply.msi file.
Click Next.
Click Next to accept the default installation location of C:\Windows\System32 and install for “Just me”
Click Next to start the installation
After successful installation click Close
Now you must add the Add-In to Excel. Open Excel 2007 and click the QuickAccess Toolbar (the MS icon in the upper left corner).
Click the Excel Options button in the lower right corner.
Click the Add-Ins tab. You should see Nbelroutines in the list of Add-Ins.
Click the Go… button to Manage Excel Add-ins.
Make sure Nbelroutines is selected and click OK.
How to use the NBEL routines
The Excel functions available in Excel are listed in the Table 1 under the column DLL_FUNCTIONS. All functions start with bm.
To actually use a function click the Formulas tab and the click Insert Function. In the ‘Or select category’ drop-down select User Defined. Scroll-down until you see the above equations.
6. Use NBEL DLL with Microsoft Visual Studio C# Project
To use the DLL with Microsoft Visual Studio C# project, save the NBEL.dll in your project folder and add reference to NBEL.dll. Then you can reference the biomass function with NBEL.bmFuncs.
7. References
Authors
Abbr
References
Affleck 2019
AFF
Affleck, D.L.R. 2019. Aboveground biomass equations for the predominant conifer species of the Inland Northwest USA. Forest Ecology and Management 432 (2019) 179–188
Alban and Laidly 1982
ALB
Alban, D. H. and P. R. Laidly 1982. generlized biomass equations for jack pine and red pine in Lake States. Can. J. For. Res. 12: 913-921
Alemdag 1982
ALE
Alemdag, I. S. 1982. Aboveground dry matter of jack pine, black spruce, white spruce and balsam fir trees at two localities in Ontario. Forestry Chronile. 58:26-30
Amateis et al 1992
AMA
Amateis, R. L.; Burkhart, H. E.; Dunham, P. H. 1992. Estimating dry weight of dormant-season foliage of loblolly pine. Biomass and Bioenergy. 3(5): 319-322.
Baldwin 1989
BAL
Baldwin, V. J. 1989. Is sapwood area a better predictor of loblolly pine crown biomass than bole diameter? Biomass. 20: 177-185.
Baldwin et al 1997
BAD
Baldwin, V. C., K. D. Peterson, H. E. Burkhatt, R. L. Amateis and P. M. Dougherty 1997. Equations for estimating loblolly pine branch and foliage weight and surface area distribution. Can. J. For Res. 27:918-927.
Barclay et al. 1986
BAR
Barclay, H.; Pang, P.; Pollard, D. 1986. Aboveground biomass distribution within trees and stands in thinned and fertilized Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 16: 438-442.
Barney et al. 1978
BAN
Barney, R. J.; Van Cleve, K; Schlentner, R. 1978. Biomass distribution and crown characteristics in two Alaskan Picea mariana ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 8: 36-41.
Baskerville 1965
BAS
Baskerville, G. 1965. Dry-matter production in immature balsam fir stands. Forest Science Monographs 9.
Baskerville 1966
BAK
Baskerville, G. 1966. Dry matter production in immature balsam fir stands: roots, lesser vegetation and total stand. Forest Science. 12: 49-53.
Bickelhaupt et al. 1973
BIC
Bickelhaupt, D.; Leaf, A.; Richards, N. 1973. Effect of branching habit on above-ground dry weight estimates of Acer saccharum stands. In: Young, H., ed. IUFRO biomass studies; Nancy, France and Vancouver, BC. Orono, ME: University of Maine, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture: 219-230.
Binkley 1983
BIN
Binkley, D. 1983. Ecosystem production in Douglas-fir plantations: interaction of red alder and site fertility. Forest Ecology and Management. 5: 215-227.
Binkley et al. 1984
BIK
Binkley, D.; Lousier, J.; Cromack, K.J. 1984. Ecosystem effects of Sitka alder in a Douglas-fir plantation. Forest Science 30: 26-35.
Bockheim and Lee 1984
BOC
Bockheim, J.; Lee, S. 1984. Biomass and net primary production equations for thinned red pine plantations in central Wisconsin. For. Res. Notes 256. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, College of Agriculture.
Boerner and Kost 1986
BOE
Boerner, R.; Kost, J. 1986. Biomass equations for flowering dogwood, Cornus florida L. Castanea. 51: 153-155.
Bormann 1990
BOR
Bormann, B. 1990. Diameter-based biomass regression models ignore large sapwood-related variation in Sitka spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 20: 1098-1104.
Brenneman et al. 1978
BRE
Brenneman, D. F.; Gardner, W.; Schoenhofen, L.; Marsh, P. 1978. Biomass of species and stands of West Virginia hardwoods. In: Pope, P. ed. Proceedings, central hardwood forest conference II; 1978 November 14-16; West LaFayette, IN. Purdue University: 159-178.
Bridge 1979
BRI
Bridge, J. 1979. Fuelwood production of mixed hardwoods on mesic sites in Rhode Island. Kingston, RI: University of Rhode Island. M.S. thesis.
Briggs et al. 1989
BRG
Briggs, R.; Porter, J.; White, E. 1989. Component biomass equations for Acer rubrum and Fagus grandifolia. Fac. For. Tech. Publ. 4. Syracuse, NY: State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
Brown 1978
BRN
Brown, J. 1978. Weight and density of crowns of Rocky Mountain conifers. Res. Pap. INT-197. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Busing et al. 1993
BUS
Busing, R.; Clebsch, E.; White, P. 1993. Biomass and production of southern Appalachian cove forests reexamined. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 23: 760-765.
Campbell et al. 1985
CAM
Campbell, J. S.; Lieffers, V. J.; Pielou, E. C. 1985. Regression equations for estimating single tree biomass of trembling aspen: assessing their applicability to more than one population. Forest Ecology and Management. 11: 283-295.
Carpenter 1983
CAP
Carpenter, E. 1983. Above-ground weights for tamarack in northeastern Minnesota. Res. Pap. NC-245. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.
Carter and White 1971
CAT
Carter, M.; White, E. 1971. Dry weight and nutrient accumulation in young stands of cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.). Circ. 190. Auburn, AL: Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station.
Chapman and Gower 1991
CHA
Chapman, J.; Gower, S. 1991. Aboveground production and canopy dynamics in sugar maple and red oak trees in southwestern Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 21: 1533-1543.
Chojnacky 1984
CHJ
Chojnacky, D. 1984. Volume and biomass for curlleaf cercocarpus in Nevada. Res. Pap. INT-332. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Chojnacky and Moisen 1993
CHM
Chojnacky, D.; Moisen, G. 1993. Converting wood volume to biomass for pinyon and juniper. Res. Note INT-411. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.
Chojnacky et al 2014
CHO
Chojnacky, D. C., Heath, L. S. and Jenkins, J. C. Updated generalized biomass equations for North American tree species. Forestry 2014, 87, 129-151
Clark and Saucier 1990
CLC
Clark, A. III and Saucier, J. 1990. Tables for estimating total-tree weights, stem weights, and volumes of planted and natural southern pines in the southeast. Georgia Forest Research Paper 79.
Clark and Schroeder 1977
CLR
Clark, A. I. and Schroeder, J. G. 1977. Biomass of yellow-popular in natural stands in western north Carolina. USDA For. Serv. Research paper SE-165.
Clark and Schroeder 1986
CLS
Clark, A. I.; Schroeder, J. 1986. Weight, volume, and physical properties of major hardwood species in the southern Appalachian mountains. Res. Pap. SE-153. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
Clark et al 1980a
CLL
Clark, A.I.; Phillips, D. R.; Hitchcock, H. C. 1980 Predicted weights and volumes of scarlet oak trees on the Tennessee Cumberland plateau. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. SE-214.
Clark et al 1980b
CLN
Clark, A. I.; Phillips, D. R.; Schroeder, J. G. 1980 Predicted weights and volumes of northern red oad trees in western North Carolina. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. SE-209.
Clark et al. 1985
CLK
Clark, A. I.; Phillips, D.; Frederick, D. 1985. Weight, volume, and physical properties of major hardwood species in the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains. Res. Pap. SE-250. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
Clark et al. 1986a
CLA
Clark, A. I.; Phillips, D.; Frederick, D. 1986a. Weight, volume, and physical properties of major hardwood species in the Piedmont. Res. Pap. SE-255. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
Clark et al. 1986b
CLB
Clark, A. I.; Phillips, D.; Frederick, D. 1986b. Weight, volume, and physical properties of major hardwood species in the Upland South. Res. Pap. SE-257. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station.
Clary and Tiedemann 1987
CLT
Clary, W.; Tiedemann, A. 1987. Fuelwood potential in large-tree Quercus gambelii stands. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 2: 87-90.
Clebsch 1971
CLE
Clebsch, E. 1971. Dry weight of trees and saplings from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and eastern Tennessee. In: Sollins, P.; Anderson, R., eds. Dry weight and other data for trees and woody shrubs of southeastern United States. Ecol. Sci. Div. Publ. 407. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory: 15-21.
Cochran et al. 1984
COC
Cochran, P.; Jennings, J.; Youngberg, C. 1984. Biomass estimators for thinned second-growth Ponderosa pine trees. Res. Note PNW-415. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Crow 1971
CRO
Crow, T. 1971. Estimation of biomass in an evenaged stand — regression and “mean tree” techniques. Misc. Rep. 132. Orono, ME: Maine Agricultural Experiment Station: 35-48.
Crow 1976
CRW
Crow, T. 1976. Biomass and production regressions for trees and woody shrubs common to the Enterprise Forest. In: Zavitkovski, J. ed. The Enterprise radiation forest: Radioecological studies. Rep. TID-26113-P2. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration: 63-67.
Crow 1983
COW
Crow, T. 1983. Comparing biomass regressions by site and stand age for red maple. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 13: 283-288.
Crow and Erdmann 1983
CRE
Crow, T. R. and Erdmann, G. G. 1983. Weight and volume equations and tables for red maple in the Lake States. Res. Pap. NC-242. USDA Forest Service, Northern Central Forest Experimental Station. 14p
Czapowskyj et al 1985
CZA
Czapowskyj, M. M.; Robison, D. J.; Briggs, R. D.; White, E. H. 1985. Component Biomass Equations for black spruce in Maine. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NE-564.
Dudley and Fownes 1992
DUD
Dudley, N.; Fownes, J. 1992. Preliminary biomass equations for eight species of fast-growing tropical trees. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 5:68-73.
Dunlap and Shipman 1967
DUN
Dunlap, W.; Shipman, R. 1967. Density and weight production of standing white oak, red maple, and red pine. Research Briefs. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, School of Forest Resources.
Elliot et al 2002
ELI
Elliot, K. J.; Boring, L. R. and Swaank, W. T. 2002. aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation 20 years after crear-cutting a southern Appalachian watershed. Can. J. For. Res. 32: 667-683
Espinosa-Bancalari and Perry 1987
ESP
Espinosa-Bancalari, M.; Perry, D. 1987. Distribution and increment of biomass in adjacent young Douglas-fir stands with different early growth rates. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 722-730.
FCS_BIOMASS_FIA_NC
FNC
FIA biomass equation source code for NC.
FCS_BIOMASS_FIA_NE
FNE
FIA biomass equation source code for NE.
FCS_BIOMASS_FIA_NW
FNW
FIA biomass equation source code for NW.
FCS_BIOMASS_FIA_RM
FRM
FIA biomass equation source code for RM.
FCS_BIOMASS_FIA_SE
FSE
FIA biomass equation source code for SE.
Fassnacht 1996
FAS
Fassnacht, K. 1996. Characterization of the structure and function of upland forest ecosystems in north central Wisconsin. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. Ph.D. dissertation.
Felker et al. 1982
FEL
Felker, P.; Clark, P.; Osborn, J.; Cannell, G. 1982. Biomass estimation in a young stand of mesquite (Prosopis spp.), ironwood (Olneya tesota), palo verde (Cercidium floridium and Parkinsonia aculeata), and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). Journal of Range Management. 35: 87-89.
Feller 1992
FER
Feller, M. 1992. Generalized versus site-specific biomass regression equations for Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii and Thuja plicata in coastal British Columbia. Bioresource Technology. 39: 9-16.
Freedman 1984
FRE
Freedman, B. 1984. The relationship between the aboveground dry weight and diameter for a wide size range of erect land plants. Canadian Journal of Botany. 62: 2370-2374.
Freedman et al. 1982
FRD
Freedman, B.; Duinker, P.; Barclay, H.; Morash, R.; Prager, U. 1982. Forest biomass and nutrient studies in central Nova Scotia. Inf. Rep. M-X-134. Fredericton, Nova Scotia: Canadian Forestry Service, Maritimes Forest Research Centre.
Gary 1976
GAR
Gary, H. L. 1976. Crown structure and distribution of biomass in a lodgepole pine stand. Res. Pap. RM-165. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Gholz 1980
GHO
Gholz, H. 1980. Structure and productivity of Juniperus occidentalis in central Oregon. American Midland Naturalist. 103: 251-261.
Gholz et al. 1979
GHZ
Gholz, H. L.; Grier, C. C.; Campbell, A. G.; Brown, A. T. 1979. Equations for estimating biomass and leaf area of plants in the Pacific Northwest. Res. Pap. 41. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, School of Forestry.
Gholz et al. 1991
GHL
Gholz, H.; Vogel, S.; Cropper, W. J.; McKelvey, K.; Ewel, C. 1991. Dynamics of canopy structure and light interception in Pinus elliotii stands, north Florida. Ecological Monographs. 6: 33-51.
Goldsmith and Hocker 1978
GOL
Goldsmith, L.; Hocker, H. 1978. Preliminary small-tree aboveground biomass tables for five northern hardwoods Res. Rep. 68. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station.
Gower et al. 1987
GOW
Gower, S.; Grier, C.; Vogt, D.; Vogt, K. 1987. Allometric relations of deciduous (Larix occidentalis) and evergreen conifers (Pinus contorta and Pseudotsuga menziesii) of the Cascade Mountains in central Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 17: 630-634.
Gower et al. 1992
GWR
Gower, S. T.; Vogt, K. A.; Grier, C. C. 1992. Carbon dynamics of Rocky Mountain Douglasfir: influence of water and nutrient availability. Ecological Monographs. 62: 43-65.
Gower et al. 1993a
GOE
Gower, S.; Haynes, B.; Fassnacht, K.; Running, S.; Hunt, E. J. 1993a. Influence of fertilization on the allometric relations for two pines in contrasting environments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 23: 1704-1711.
Gower et al. 1993b
GOR
Gower, S. T.; Reich, P. B.; Son, Y. 1993b. Canopy dynamics and aboveground production of five tree species with different leaf longevities. Tree Physiology. 12: 327-345.
Green and Grigal 1978
GRE
Green, D.; Grigal, D. 1978. Generalized biomass estimation equations for jack pine. Res. Note 268. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, College of Forestry.
Grier and Logan 1977
GRL
Grier, C. C.; Logan, R. S. 1977. Old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii communities of a western Oregon watershed: biomass distribution and production budgets. Ecological Monographs. 47: 373-400.
Grier et al. 1984
GRR
Grier, C.; Lee, K.; Archibald, R. 1984. Effect of urea fertilization on allometric relations in young Douglas-fir trees. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 14: 900-904.
Grier et al. 1992
GRI
Grier, C.; Elliott, K.; McCullough, D. 1992. Biomass distribution and productivity of Pinus edulis-Juniperus monosperma woodlands of north-central Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management. 50: 331-350.
Grigal and Kernik 1978
GRK
Grigal, D.; Kernik, L. 1978. Biomass estimation equations for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill. (B.S.P.))) trees. Res. Note 290. St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, College of Forestry.
Harding and Grigal 1985
HAR
Harding, R. B.; Grigal, D. F. 1985. Individual tree biomass estimation equations for plantationgrown white spruce in northern Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15: 738-739.
Harmon (year?)
HAN
Harmon, M. (year?) Forest Science Dept., Ore State Univ. fit the VSB equation. Appears to be a collection of equations with reference being VB source code.
Harmon 1994
HAM
Harmon, M. 1994. Unpublished equations. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Forest Science Department.
Harrington et al. 1984
HAT
Harrington, T.; Tappeiner, J. I.; Walstad, J. 1984. Predicting leaf area and biomass of 1- to 6-yearold tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii) sprout clumps in southwestern Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 14: 209-213.
Harris et al. 1973
HRS
Harris, W.; Goldstein, R.; Henderson, G. 1973. Analysis of forest biomass pools, annual primary production and turnover of biomass for a mixed deciduous forest watershed. In: Young, H., ed. IUFRO biomass studies, Nancy, France and Vancouver, BC. Orono, ME: University of Maine, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture: 41-64.
Heath et al 2009
HEA
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