national atmospheric deposition program 2006 annual summarynadp.slh.wisc.edu/lib/data/2006as.pdf ·...

National Atmospheric Deposition Program 2006 Annual Summary

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1.31.0 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1|

Average Annual Wet Depositionof Inorganic Nitrogen (kg/ha), 2002-2006

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IDMT

WY

COUT

Continental D

ivide

2006 Highlights

The National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) provides data that support informeddecisions on air quality issues related toprecipitation chemistry. Scientists, educators,policy-makers, and the public use NADP datavia the NADP Web site (see back cover foraddress). This site enables on-line retrieval ofindividual data points, seasonal and annualaverages, trend plots, concentration anddeposition maps, reports, and other information.In 2006, the number of registered Web site usersrose to nearly 33,000, representing 154countries. Data downloads numbered 23,664, anincrease of 27 percent from 2005. Users loggednearly 350,000 sessions, and the number of colorconcentration and deposition maps viewed in2006 rose by nearly 30 percent, topping 121,000.

The NADP partnered with the InternationalCenter for First-Year UndergraduateChemistry Education (ICUC) to translate theNADP brochure, Nitrogen in the Nation’sRain, into Spanish (http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/lib/brochures/nbrochespanol.pdf).

Authors of the United States - Canada AirQuality Agreement, Progress Report 2006used NADP data to evaluate progress underthe agreement’s Acid Rain Annex. Sincesigning the agreement in 1991, U.S. andCanadian sulfur dioxide emissions havedecreased about 33 percent. Over this sameperiod, NADP data showed similarreductions in U.S. sulfate deposition. Thenumber of states receiving 20 kilograms perhectare per year (kg/ha/year) or more ofsulfate deposition dropped from 12 states to

one. A 20-percent reduction of U.S. nitrogenoxide emissions was accompanied by halvingthe area receiving nitrate deposition of 15-20 kg/ha/year. The report acknowledges that“without substantial atmospheric depositionmonitoring networks, it would be impossible toaccurately track and confirm that these airquality improvements are taking place.”

Scientists at NADP proposed an initiative tomeasure three airborne mercury fractions(gaseous elemental mercury, reactive gaseousmercury, and total particulate mercury) atmonitoring stations following standardprocedures. Data from this proposed newNADP network would be quality assured andaccessible on the NADP Web site. See page 15for a graph of air concentrations of mercury ata Beltsville, Maryland, site jointly supportedby the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -Office of Air and Radiation and NationalOceanic & Atmospheric Administration - AirResources Laboratory.

[About the cover and figure on page 3: Thecover depicts 5-year (2002-2006) average annual wetdeposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fromnitrate and ammonium at 27 National Trends Network(NTN) sites in five Rocky Mountain states. This mapillustrates deposition fluxes based on measurements ina broader area. Compare this map and the one on page5 for a national perspective. To include sites with highproportions of snow, NADP data completeness criteria(http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/documentation/completeness.asp) were relaxed from 75 percent to 60percent, except for the criterion requiring precipitationdepth measurements at least 90 percent of the time.The NADP collector has poor snow-captureefficiency; and 25 NTN sites in these states are ataltitudes above 2000 meters and generally receivemore than half their precipitation as snow. Maps onpage 3 are based on the same sites as the cover andillustrate an increase in the fraction of DIN fromammonium. This increase occurred at all but two sitesbetween the 1992-1996 and 2002-2006 periods and isnow 50 percent or higher at more than half the sites.]

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The Upper Midwest Aerospace Consortiumat the University of North Dakota producedan Acid Rain video that features NADP pH data. This video is an episode in the publicTV series Our Changing Planet, designed to promote education and understanding ofour planet.

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Percent of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from ammonium in wet depositionat NTN sites in five Rocky Mountain states shown on the cover.

1992 - 1996

2002 - 2006

41 53

42

50

50

525349

4047

34

4772

5939

58

37 37

3133 58

5938

45

473937

49 63

50

55

56

626453

4752

43

4873

6444

56

44 40

3636 60

6346

52

503940

Percent Inorganic Nitrogenfrom Ammonium

3535 - 4040 - 4545 - 5050 - 5555 - 6060 - 65> 65

3

NADP Background

In 1977, State Agricultural Experiment Stations(SAES) organized a project, later titled NADP,to measure atmospheric deposition and study itseffects on the environment. Sites in the NADPprecipitation chemistry network beganoperations in 1978 with the goal of providingdata on the amounts, trends, and geographicdistributions of acids, nutrients, and base cationsin precipitation. The network grew rapidly inthe early 1980s. Much of this expansion wasfunded by the National Acid PrecipitationAssessment Program (NAPAP), established in1981 to improve understanding of the causesand effects of acidic precipitation. Reflectingthe federal NAPAP role in the NADP, thenetwork name was changed to NADP/NTN.Today, the NADP is SAES National ResearchSupport Project - 3. The network has more than250 sites and is designated NTN.

A second network, the Atmospheric IntegratedResearch Monitoring Network (AIRMoN),joined the NADP in 1992, and had seven sites atthe end of 2006. Although measuring the samechemicals as NTN, AIRMoN sampling is dailyrather than weekly. These higher resolutionsamples enhance researchers’ ability to evaluatehow emissions affect precipitation chemistryusing computer models that simulate pollutanttransport, chemical transformations, anddeposition by precipitation. This network alsoevaluates alternative sample collection andpreservation methods.

The Mercury Deposition Network (MDN)joined the NADP in 1996, and had 98 sites atthe end of 2006. All MDN samples are analyzedfor total mercury, and some for the more toxicmethyl mercury. Forty-eight states haveadvisories warning people to limit consumptionof fish and wildlife from certain water bodiesbecause of mercury contamination (seehttp://www.epa.gov/ost/fish). Researchers useMDN data to evaluate the role of precipitationas a source of mercury in these water bodies.

National Trends Network

The NTN is the only network providing a long-term record of precipitation chemistry across theUnited States. Sites predominantly are locatedaway from urban areas and point sources ofpollution. Each site has a precipitation chemistrycollector and gage. The automated collectorensures that the sample is exposed only duringprecipitation (wet-only-sampling).

Site operators follow standard operationalprocedures to help ensure NTN datacomparability and representativeness. Theycollect samples weekly on Tuesday morning,using only containers cleaned at the CentralAnalytical Laboratory (CAL) at the Illinois StateWater Survey (ISWS). They weigh the collectionbucket to determine sample volume and transferthe sample from the collection bucket to ashipping bottle. All samples are sent to the CALfor analysis. The CAL also enters all field andlaboratory data, and verifies and screens the data.

The CAL measures free acidity (H as pH),+

conductance, calcium (Ca ), magnesium (Mg ),2+ 2+

4sodium (Na ), potassium (K ), sulfate (SO ),+ + 2-

3nitrate (NO ), chloride (Cl ), and ammonium- -

4(NH ). The CAL also measures orthophosphate,+

but only for quality assurance as an indicator ofsample contamination.

4

The CAL reviews field and laboratory data forcompleteness and accuracy, and flags samplesthat were mishandled, compromised by precipita-tion collector failures, or grossly contaminated.The CAL delivers all data and information to theNADP Program Office, which applies a final setof checks and resolves remaining discrepancies.The Program Office stores all NADP data andinformation in a database system that is accessiblefrom the NADP Web site. Valid (i.e., unflagged)NTN data can be retrieved remotely through thison-line retrieval system. Flagged data areavailable by special request.

N(kg/ha)

1.01.0 - 2.02.0 - 3.03.0 - 4.04.0 - 5.05.0 - 6.06.0 - 7.0> 7.0

Inorganic nitrogen wet deposition from nitrate and ammonium, 2006.

National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network

Sites not pictured:Alaska 01 0.1 kg/haAlaska 03 0.1 kg/ha

3.1 kg/haVirgin Islands 01 0.7 kg/haPuerto Rico 20

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5.1

4.73.4

4.3

4.1

2.9

4.37.31.8

4.75.6

0.7

0.7

1.11.5

6.01.1

1.3

4.1

2.64.2

1.8

1.0

7.2

5.0

4.9

2.9

7.0

2.4

5.0

1.2

3.32.1

4.3

3.5

2.7

3.2 1.1

1.20.9

4.0

0.4

0.3

0.8

0.9

1.4

6.2

2.3

3.7

5.1

4.4

6.7

2.5

3.0

2.2

3.9

5.0

2.2

4.5

6.8

3.8

3.8

2.12.4

3.1

3.3

3.6

3.4

1.8

3.22.9

3.43.0

4.6

4.3

1.4

2.0

3.9

1.2

4.2

1.3

4.2

3.7

4.6

6.2

4.3

6.5

5.5

5.3

3.1

4.5

4.45.3

2.5

0.7

0.3

1.9

1.32.2

2.5

3.6

1.5

1.8

2.7

4.2

3.0

3.1

2.2

2.82.5

6.3

5.46.1

6.6

4.0

6.7

4.2 7.68.1

7.6

4.94.7

6.25.0

3.8

2.3

3.54.6

4.66.7

4.8

3.23.34.0

5.7

4.0

4.4

4.7

3.6

4.2

0.9

1.0

0.8

1.0

4.7

4.2

4.6

5.54.4

3.63.0

6.53.1

3.4

6.3

1.2

0.2

5.93.6

6.94.7

3.5

5.1

5.9

6.0 6.1

6.2

3.3

3.2

4.1

0.2

0.9 0.51.1

4.85.26.5

5.2

5.4

3.5

4.66.6

3.7

1.7

1.9

1.2 2.52.1

1.4

0.9

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

2.2

1.1

4.25.4

4.9

3.6

5.1 6.8

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5

NTN Maps

The NTN maps show spatial variability in theprecipitation-weighted average concentrationand wet deposition of selected acidic ions,nutrients, and base cations on regional andnational scales. Only sites meeting NADP datacompleteness criteria are included. In 2006, 207sites met these criteria. Black dots mark sitelocations. Open circles designate urban sites,defined as having at least 400 people per squarekilometer (km ) within a 15-km radius of the2

site. Concentration or deposition values appearnext to each site.

Color contours were created by using nonurbansite values to compute an array of regularlyspaced grid-point values across the nation. Siteswithin 500 km of each grid point were used incomputations. Color contours and the color fillin the open circle of urban sites representclasses of concentrations or depositions in the

legend. (See the NADP Web site for informationabout the algorithm used to compute grid values.)

In addition to the map of inorganic nitrogen (N)wet deposition below, concentration and

4 3 4deposition maps show NH , NO , SO , Ca ,+ - 2- 2+

and laboratory pH. Also shown is a map of totalprecipitation. Maps of Mg , Na , K , and Cl are2+ + + -

not included but are available from the NADPWeb site.

Explanation of Color Contours: Refer to thefigure below, which has eight inorganic nitrogendeposition classes or contours. For example, thelightest green color in the legend represents 3.0 -4.0 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha). Nitrogendeposition values in the area covered by thiscontour are greater than 3.0 kg/ha and less than orequal to 4.0 kg/ha.

+4

(mg/L)0.20

0.20 - 0.250.25 - 0.300.30 - 0.350.35 - 0.400.40 - 0.450.45 - 0.500.50 - 0.550.55 - 0.600.60 - 0.65> 0.65

0.50.5 - 1.01.0 - 1.51.5 - 2.02.0 - 2.52.5 - 3.03.0 - 3.53.5 - 4.04.0 - 4.5> 4.5

(kg/ha)

Ammonium as NH

+4Ammonium as NH

Ammonium ion concentration (top) and wet deposition (bottom), 2006.


Sites not pictured:Alaska 01 0.01 mg/LAlaska 03 0.02 mg/L

0.04 mg/LVirgin Islands 01 0.02 mg/LPuerto Rico 20

Sites not pictured:Alaska 01 < 0.1 kg/haAlaska 03 0.1 kg/ha


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0.21

0.280.21

0.22

0.20

0.22

0.230.320.45

0.240.24

0.16

0.19

0.220.31

0.40

0.43

0.58

0.12

0.330.26

0.10

0.37

0.33

0.22

0.23

0.12

0.42

0.35

0.25

0.42

0.140.32

0.16

0.13

0.22

0.68 0.29

0.050.02

0.40

0.03

0.05

0.04

0.45

0.11

0.29

0.09

0.20

0.38

0.16

0.43

0.11

0.28

0.09

0.36

0.24

0.59

0.64

0.42

0.17

0.20

0.100.11

0.15

0.18

0.35

0.16

0.59

0.120.32

0.100.31

0.25

0.24

0.27

0.10

0.39

0.25

0.48

0.21

0.15

0.17

0.17

0.42

0.25

0.46

0.31

0.27

0.14

0.17

0.220.34

0.28

0.04

0.05

0.32

0.11

0.32

0.35

1.13

0.21

0.10

0.07

0.17

0.15

0.13

0.10

0.150.19

0.68

0.560.50

0.63

0.38

0.23

0.50 0.480.45

0.50

0.440.47

0.300.25

0.20

0.13

0.120.32

0.410.41

0.65

0.390.46

0.53

0.78

0.63

0.42

0.41

0.17

0.19

0.21

0.08

0.12

0.28

0.24

0.18

0.35

0.370.24

0.710.68

0.720.54

0.12

0.29

0.17

0.30

0.350.14

0.250.15

0.15

0.21

0.32

0.410.32

0.42

0.59

0.27

0.78

0.05

0.01 0.050.07

0.320.300.24

0.31

0.20

0.82

0.26

0.250.21

0.49

0.20

0.30 0.180.30

0.25

0.32

0.20

0.18

0.19

0.15

0.04

0.16

0.430.60

0.52

0.42

0.51 0.52

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3.0

3.21.9

2.7

2.5

1.9

2.64.31.3

2.53.2

0.5

0.4

0.81.1

4.80.7

0.9

1.9

1.63.1

0.9

0.8

4.9

3.1

3.2

1.6

4.5

1.9

3.3

0.9

1.81.4

2.4

1.8

1.7

3.0 0.7

0.60.3

2.9

0.2

0.2

0.5

0.7

1.0

4.1

1.1

2.2

3.3

2.7

5.3

1.2

2.5

1.5

2.5

2.9

2.3

3.9

4.6

2.2

2.4

0.91.2

1.7

2.0

2.4

2.0

1.4

1.62.1

1.72.2

3.3

3.0

0.9

0.9

2.8

0.7

3.1

0.8

2.2

1.7

2.2

5.1

2.5

4.6

3.4

3.0

1.7

2.3

2.94.1

1.8

0.4

0.1

1.5

0.61.3

1.5

3.2

0.7

0.8

0.9

2.3

1.7

1.6

0.9

1.41.6

5.2

4.24.3

5.0

2.8

4.4

3.2 5.45.6

5.3

3.53.4

4.13.0

2.4

1.3

1.82.9

3.14.6

4.0

2.02.5

3.2

5.1

3.2

3.2

3.4

2.1

2.7

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.7

3.3

2.6

3.3

4.62.9

3.02.7

5.62.6

1.6

3.7

0.6

0.2

4.11.8

3.72.4

1.9

2.9

4.0

4.13.4

4.1

2.4

2.1

4.0

0.1

0.3 0.3

0.9

3.33.13.7

3.0

2.8

3.2

2.94.3

2.2

1.5

1.3

0.9 1.71.6

0.8

0.6

2.3

2.6

2.3

2.2

1.0

0.9

3.14.2

3.8

2.8

4.0 4.9

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6

44 - 66 - 88 - 1010 - 1212 - 1414 - 1616 - 1818 - 20> 20

(kg/ha)3-Nitrate as NO

3-

0.600.60 - 0.750.75 - 0.900.90 - 1.051.05 - 1.201.20 - 1.351.35 - 1.501.50 - 1.651.65 - 1.80> 1.80

Nitrate as NO(mg/L)

Nitrate ion concentration (top) and wet deposition (bottom), 2006.




Sites not pictured:Alaska 01 < 1 kg/haAlaska 03 < 1 kg/ha

9 kg/haVirgin Islands 01 3 kg/haPuerto Rico 20

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12

108

10

10

6

10174

1214

2

2

23

102

3

12

68

5

1

15

12

11

7

16

4

11

2

94

11

10

6

4 3

33

8

1

1

2

1

3

14

6

9

11

10

11

7

5

5

9

12

2

6

14

9

9

67

8

8

8

8

3

85

96

9

9

3

6

7

3

8

3

11

10

12

10

10

13

12

13

8

12

1010

5

2

1

3

45

6

5

4

5

9

11

8

8

7

76

10

912

12

8

15

7 1517

15

99

1312

8

6

911

1014

7

767

8

7

8

9

8

9

2

2

2

2

9

10

9

99

64

95

10

15

3

< 1

1210

1712

9

13

12

13 15

13

7

7

4

1

3 1

2

101316

13

14

5

1114

9

2

4

2 54

3

2

10

9

11

11

6

2

89

9

6

9 13

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0.9

0.81.0

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.91.31.2

1.21.0

0.6

0.9

0.60.9

0.91.5

2.0

0.7

1.30.7

0.5

0.7

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.6

1.4

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.70.9

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.9 1.1

0.30.2

1.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.8

0.3

1.0

0.5

0.8

1.3

0.6

0.9

0.7

0.5

0.3

1.2

1.0

0.5

1.0

1.3

0.7

0.7

0.60.7

0.7

0.7

1.1

0.7

1.3

0.60.8

0.50.8

0.7

0.7

1.1

0.7

1.0

1.0

1.2

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.8

1.0

1.3

1.1

1.2

0.7

0.9

0.70.8

0.8

0.2

0.2

0.7

0.71.3

1.4

1.9

1.2

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.70.7

1.3

1.21.4

1.5

1.1

0.8

1.2 1.31.3

1.5

1.21.3

1.01.0

0.7

0.6

0.61.2

1.31.2

1.2

1.41.11.1

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.2

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.7

1.0

0.70.8

1.31.1

1.21.0

0.7

1.2

0.9

0.5

1.10.7

1.20.7

0.7

0.9

1.0

1.31.4

1.4

1.7

1.0

0.9

0.2

0.1 0.2

0.2

1.01.21.0

1.3

1.0

1.2

0.90.8

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.7 0.50.7

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.6

0.9

0.7

0.3

0.3

1.11.3

1.2

1.0

1.1 1.4

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7

-24

(mg/L)0.50

0.50 - 0.750.75 - 1.001.00 - 1.251.25 - 1.501.50 - 1.751.75 - 2.002.00 - 2.252.25 - 2.50> 2.50

Sulfate as SO

33 - 66 - 99 - 1212 - 1515 - 1818 - 2121 - 2424 - 27> 27

(kg/ha)-2

4Sulfate as SO

Sulfate ion concentration (top) and wet deposition (bottom), 2006.




Sites not pictured:Alaska 01 1 kg/haAlaska 03 1 kg/ha

31 kg/haVirgin Islands 01 9 kg/haPuerto Rico 20

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22

2015

18

19

4

19262

2026

1

1

22

201

2

7

315

8

1

25

17

14

11

18

3

13

2

153

15

20

10

4 1

33

7

1

1

1

1

2

27

8

16

10

19

21

13

10

5

7

22

2

4

15

16

14

1110

17

15

6

16

2

135

154

12

12

2

3

6

1

8

2

14

11

18

17

11

18

23

21

14

16

1010

3

2

< 1

2

2

3

3

3

2

6

13

10

11

9

8

107

11

914

15

11

24

9 1925

21

98

2017

17

8

1410

1214

7

65

5

6

58

11

12

12

1

2

1

1

15

19

16

1415

33

93

12

25

2

< 1

2012

2319

11

18

21

1828

19

6

6

3

< 1

4 13

182129

21

20

3

1625

9

3

6

3 85

2

2

14

14

15

12

5

1

79

7

5

9 15

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1.6

1.71.8

1.5

1.6

0.5

1.71.90.7

1.92.0

0.4

0.5

0.40.6

1.60.8

1.4

0.4

0.61.3

0.8

0.4

1.7

1.2

1.0

0.8

1.6

0.7

1.0

0.7

1.20.6

1.0

1.5

1.4

1.0 0.6

0.20.2

0.9

0.1

0.3

0.1

0.5

0.2

1.9

0.7

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.7

1.3

1.1

0.3

1.0

1.8

0.4

0.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.21.0

1.5

1.4

0.9

1.4

0.9

0.90.8

0.80.6

0.9

0.9

0.6

0.4

0.9

0.5

1.3

0.4

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.1

1.7

2.0

1.9

1.2

1.1

0.80.9

0.5

0.3

0.1

0.4

0.40.6

0.7

1.1

0.6

0.7

1.0

0.7

0.9

0.7

1.0

1.00.9

1.5

1.21.7

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.4 1.72.0

2.0

1.11.1

1.51.4

1.4

0.8

0.91.1

1.61.3

1.1

1.10.80.8

0.9

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.0

0.8

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.5

1.1

1.3

1.7

1.11.2

0.80.6

1.10.7

0.8

2.0

0.4

0.4

1.80.9

1.51.1

0.8

1.3

1.7

1.82.6

2.0

1.4

0.8

0.7

0.1

0.2 0.1

0.3

1.82.11.9

2.2

1.4

0.7

1.41.4

0.9

1.0

0.9

0.9 0.81.0

0.6

0.8

1.3

0.9

1.3

0.8

0.2

0.2

1.01.2

0.9

0.7

1.2 1.5

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8

+2 Ca(mg/L)

Ca(kg/ha)

2+

0.100.10 - 0.150.15 - 0.200.20 - 0.250.25 - 0.300.30 - 0.350.35 - 0.40> 0.40

1.001.00 - 1.251.25 - 1.501.50 - 1.751.75 - 2.002.00 - 2.252.25 - 2.50> 2.50

Calcium ion concentration (top) and wet deposition (bottom), 2006.






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1.2

1.00.9

1.2

1.0

1.5

0.81.81.1

1.11.7

0.6

0.5

0.70.9

1.60.7

1.4

2.9

2.00.8

0.7

0.3

3.3

2.0

1.8

0.6

2.0

1.0

2.2

0.5

1.40.7

1.0

1.5

1.4

3.9 0.8

0.60.7

1.7

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

2.4

0.6

0.8

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.1

2.4

0.8

1.1

1.9

0.3

1.3

1.9

1.2

1.3

0.90.8

1.9

1.1

1.0

0.6

0.8

1.02.4

0.81.0

1.3

1.6

0.9

1.3

1.3

0.9

2.3

0.8

0.7

2.5

0.9

1.0

1.1

2.3

1.6

0.9

1.1

1.0

1.72.1

0.5

0.5

0.1

0.7

1.32.6

1.0

1.3

1.3

0.9

1.6

2.0

0.9

1.5

1.1

1.00.6

3.0

3.32.8

2.8

1.8

2.5

1.9 2.65.4

2.8

3.33.3

1.91.9

0.8

0.8

0.81.5

1.31.9

1.9

0.71.31.1

1.8

1.4

1.0

2.7

1.5

2.0

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.4

0.9

1.1

1.1

0.81.0

1.20.9

2.91.1

0.6

1.2

0.6

0.1

1.00.9

1.90.8

0.8

1.2

1.9

1.82.1

1.8

2.3

2.8

1.2

0.1

0.9 0.2

0.6

0.81.21.4

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.51.9

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.3 1.62.7

1.7

2.2

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.3

1.62.5

1.9

1.2

1.9 2.9

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0.08

0.090.11

0.10

0.08

0.18

0.070.130.39

0.110.13

0.20

0.27

0.200.26

0.14

0.43

0.90

0.18

0.420.07

0.08

0.15

0.22

0.14

0.13

0.05

0.18

0.19

0.17

0.24

0.110.15

0.07

0.11

0.19

0.89 0.34

0.050.04

0.23

0.03

0.05

0.03

0.20

0.05

0.17

0.05

0.07

0.17

0.09

0.09

0.11

0.27

0.05

0.16

0.15

0.07

0.21

0.17

0.09

0.11

0.100.07

0.17

0.10

0.14

0.05

0.33

0.070.36

0.050.15

0.09

0.13

0.28

0.15

0.18

0.31

0.36

0.20

0.05

0.25

0.07

0.08

0.11

0.22

0.14

0.08

0.10

0.07

0.130.18

0.08

0.05

0.03

0.14

0.24

0.62

0.24

0.48

0.38

0.10

0.13

0.15

0.08

0.12

0.13

0.110.07

0.38

0.430.33

0.35

0.24

0.14

0.29 0.230.43

0.27

0.410.45

0.140.15

0.07

0.08

0.060.17

0.170.17

0.31

0.140.24

0.18

0.27

0.27

0.14

0.34

0.12

0.15

0.15

0.05

0.12

0.18

0.07

0.07

0.11

0.060.08

0.270.22

0.380.22

0.05

0.10

0.18

0.10

0.080.07

0.130.05

0.06

0.08

0.16

0.180.19

0.18

0.57

0.36

0.23

0.04

0.04 0.040.06

0.080.120.09

0.13

0.08

0.30

0.14

0.110.13

0.49

0.26

0.44 0.160.50

0.51

1.14

0.07

0.05

0.09

0.06

0.04

0.05

0.220.36

0.26

0.18

0.24 0.31

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9

Lab H(kg/ha)

+

Lab pH5.3

5.2 - 5.35.1 - 5.25.0 - 5.14.9 - 5.04.8 - 4.94.7 - 4.84.6 - 4.74.5 - 4.64.4 - 4.54.3 - 4.4< 4.3

0.100.10 - 0.150.15 - 0.200.20 - 0.250.25 - 0.300.30 - 0.350.35 - 0.400.40 - 0.450.45 - 0.500.50 - 0.55> 0.55


Sites not pictured:Alaska 01 5.2Alaska 03 5.3

4.9Virgin Islands 01 4.8Puerto Rico 20



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0.42

0.360.30

0.32

0.37

0.05

0.390.480.01

0.420.50

0.01

0.01

0.020.01

0.21

0.01

0.01

0.11

0.030.23

0.15

0.01

0.33

0.27

0.19

0.22

0.27

0.03

0.15

0.01

0.240.03

0.31

0.32

0.12

< 0.01 0.01

0.080.10

0.06

0.03

0.02

0.05

< 0.01

0.04

0.43

0.19

0.31

0.15

0.31

0.27

0.23

0.05

0.08

0.10

0.41

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0.01

0.20

0.29

0.21

0.190.22

0.27

0.22

0.10

0.34

< 0.01

0.260.03

0.300.06

0.16

0.14

0.01

0.06

0.07

0.01

0.05

0.02

0.31

0.14

0.38

0.20

0.21

0.21

0.39

0.46

0.27

0.34

0.130.08

0.04

0.04

0.01

0.01

0.03

0.03

0.05

< 0.01

0.03

0.12

0.26

0.12

0.19

0.15

0.15

0.180.13

0.04

0.030.13

0.11

0.12

0.36

0.06 0.210.21

0.24

0.040.03

0.320.30

0.32

0.15

0.290.15

0.180.18

0.03

0.090.020.04

0.01

0.03

0.10

0.09

0.20

0.15

0.01

0.04

0.02

0.01

0.25

0.34

0.26

0.160.26

0.010.01

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0.28

0.48

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0.350.26

0.420.41

0.23

0.36

0.32

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0.29

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0.40

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0.27

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0.01

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0.29

0.25

0.31

0.26

0.15

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0.070.05

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0.04

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4.5

4.54.5

4.6

4.5

5.2

4.54.55.6

4.44.4

5.4

5.2

5.45.4

4.75.3

5.2

5.1

5.14.7

4.8

5.6

4.7

4.7

4.9

4.8

4.6

5.3

4.9

5.6

4.75.1

4.7

4.6

4.8

6.4 5.3

5.25.3

5.1

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.6

5.4

4.5

4.8

4.5

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

5.2

5.3

4.8

4.5

6.2

5.8

4.7

4.6

4.8

4.74.7

4.6

4.7

4.9

4.5

5.7

4.75.3

4.85.1

4.9

4.9

5.4

5.2

5.0

5.5

5.1

5.4

4.7

4.9

4.5

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.6

4.6

5.05.2

5.2

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.35.2

5.0

6.1

5.1

4.9

4.7

5.1

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.74.8

5.2

5.44.8

4.9

4.8

4.7

5.0 4.74.8

4.6

5.35.4

4.64.6

4.6

4.8

4.74.8

4.64.8

5.3

4.85.45.2

5.7

5.2

4.9

4.9

4.8

5.0

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.5

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.94.7

5.65.8

5.85.6

4.7

4.4

5.1

5.8

4.54.7

4.64.6

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.64.3

4.5

5.3

5.3

5.9

5.4

5.4 5.4

5.5

4.54.44.4

4.4

4.5

5.8

4.64.6

4.9

5.5

5.2

5.4 5.05.4

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Hydrogen ion concentration as pH (top) and wet deposition (bottom)from pH measurements made at the Central Analytical Laboratory, 2006.

Total precipitation, 2006.

Precipitation (cm)

2020 - 4040 - 6060 - 8080 - 100100 - 120120 - 140140 - 160160 - 180180 - 200> 200


Sites not pictured:Alaska 01 30 cmAlaska 03 37 cm

310 cmVirgin Islands 01 108 cmPuerto Rico 20

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Atmospheric Integrated ResearchMonitoring Network

At AIRMoN sites, samples are collected dailywithin 24 hours of the start of precipitation, often providing data for all or part of a single storm.Single-storm data facilitate studies of atmosphericprocesses and the development and testing ofcomputer simulations of these processes. Makingdata available for these studies is a principalAIRMoN goal.

The AIRMoN sites are equipped with the samewet-only deposition collector and precipitationgage used at NTN sites. Each site also has aNational Weather Service standard gage forreporting storm total precipitation. Samples arerefrigerated after collection and are sent inchilled, insulated shipping containers to the CAL,where they are kept refrigerated until analysis.Refrigeration retards chemical changes. Chemicalanalyses and data screening procedures forAIRMoN and NTN are similar, although low-volume AIRMoN samples are not diluted toaccommodate a complete analysis, as is standard

NTN procedure. Another difference is that duringdata review, the CAL assigns a quality rating codebefore sending AIRMoN data to the NADPProgram Office for final checks and posting on theWeb site.

AIRMoN Data

Bar charts on page 12 show the 2006 wet and drysulfur deposition at sites in Illinois andPennsylvania with co-located AIRMoN and CleanAir Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) sites(http://www.gov/castnet/). Wet deposition data(blue) are from daily AIRMoN sulfatemeasurements. Dry deposition data (red) are fromCASTNet gaseous sulfur dioxide and particulatesulfate measurements. Dry deposition wascalculated from the product of weekly-averageatmospheric concentration measurements andmodeled dry deposition velocities, which werebased on meteorological data, and information onland cover, vegetation, and surface conditions. Gapsin the dry deposition results occur wheremeasurements did not meet completeness criteria.

January March June September December 0.60

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Sulfate (Dry) as S Sulfur Dioxide (Dry) as S Sulfate (Wet) as S

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Pennsylvania (PA15)

AIRMoN daily wet deposition of sulfur from sulfate in precipitation and CASTNet weekly dry deposition of sulfur from gaseous sulfur dioxide and particulate sulfate.

Dep

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Sulfur Deposition kg/ha/yearSulfate (Dry) 0.35Sulfur Dioxide (Dry) 2.95Sulfate (Wet) 4.92Total 8.22

Sulfur Deposition kg/ha/yearSulfate (Dry) 0.46Sulfur Dioxide (Dry) 6.43Sulfate (Wet) 7.38Total 14.27

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Mercury Deposition Network

The MDN is the only network providing a long-term record of mercury (Hg) concentrations inprecipitation in the United States (90 sites) andCanada (8 sites). All MDN sites follow standardprocedures and have uniform precipitationchemistry collectors and gages. The automatedcollector has the same basic design as the NTNcollector but is modified to preserve mercury.Modifications include a glass funnel, connectingtube, bottle for collecting samples, and aninsulated enclosure to house this sampling train.The funnel and connecting tube reduce sampleexposure to the open atmosphere and limit loss ofdissolved mercury. As an additional samplepreservation measure, the collection bottle ischarged with 20 mL of a one percent hydrochloricacid solution.

Site operators collect samples Tuesday morningor daily within 24 hours of the start ofprecipitation. In 2006, the Devil’s Lake site insouth-central Wisconsin, the Underhill site innorthern Vermont, and the Yorkville site innorthwestern Georgia opted to collect samplesdaily. With each MDN sample, the entiresampling train is replaced with one that is cleanedby the Mercury Analytical Laboratory (HAL) atFrontier Geosciences, Inc., Seattle, Washington.Rigorous cleaning ensures that each samplingtrain component is essentially mercury-free. TheHAL supplies the collection bottles alreadycharged with the hydrochloric acid preservative.By following those procedures and stringentsampling protocols, the MDN is able to reportmercury concentrations below 1 part per trillion(<1 nanogram/liter).

All MDN samples are sent to the HAL, whichanalyzes all forms of mercury in a singlemeasurement and reports this as total mercuryconcentrations. At the end of 2006, 22 MDN sitesalso opted for methyl mercury concentrationmeasurements. The HAL reviews field andlaboratory data for completeness and accuracy,and flags samples that were mishandled,compromised by precipitation collector failures,

or grossly contaminated. The HAL delivers all dataand information to the NADP Program Office forfinal checks and resolution of remainingdiscrepancies. Data then are made available on theNADP Web site.

MDN Maps

In the eastern United States and southern Canada,color contours display the concentration anddeposition distributions. Black dots mark sitelocations, and open circles designate urban sites.Concentration or deposition values appear next toeach site.

Color contours were created by using nonurban sitevalues to compute an array of regularly spacedgrid-point values. Sites within 500 km of each gridpoint were used in computations. In the areacovered by color contours, it was necessary to havetwo or more data points occurring within 500 km ofeach grid point. The boundary of the color-contoured area was trimmed at the coastline andover land 250 km from outermost data points. Thelandward boundary was smoothed. Color contoursand color fill in the open circle of urban sitesrepresent classes of concentrations or depositions inthe legend. Outside the color-contoured area wheredata are too sparse to draw contours, colored dotsmark site locations. Dot colors representconcentration or deposition classes in the legend.

Methyl Mercury: Methyl mercury is highlytoxic and builds up in fish tissue, resulting inadvisories warning people to limit fishconsumption. All states except Alaska andWyoming have some form of advisory (seehttp://www.epa.gov/ost/fish).

The MDN maps on page 14 show spatial variabilityin the precipitation-weighted annual average con-centration and wet deposition of total mercury. Onlysites meeting NADP data completeness criteria areincluded. In 2006, 81 sites met these criteria.

44 - 66 - 88 - 1010 - 1212 - 1414 - 1616 - 18> 18

Hg (ng/L)

44 - 66 - 88 - 1010 - 1212 - 1414 - 1616 - 18> 18

Hg g/m ) 2(

Total mercury concentration (top) and wet deposition (bottom), 2006.

National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Mercury Deposition Network

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10.916.714.4

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Preliminary one-hour average GEM (black) and six-hour average RGM (orange)and TPM (blue) concentrations at Beltsville, Maryland, December 2006.

15

pg/m3Peaks at 278

Atmospheric Mercury Initiative

The atmospheric mercury initiative(http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/mtn/) seeks to measureair concentrations of gaseous and particulatemercury at a network of monitoring stationsrepresenting a broad range of environments (rural,suburban, urban, near source, and sensitiveecosystem). Stations would follow standardprocedures, based on methods developed by U.S.EPA scientists and other researchers. Data wouldbe quality assured and accessible online from theNADP Web site.

Goals of the initiative include: Quantifying the spatial distributions andtemporal trends of airborne mercury,Providing data for evaluating predictive anddiagnostic models and for assessingsource-receptor relationships, and

The graphs above display concentrations of threeairborne mercury fractions: (1) gaseous elementalmercury (GEM), (2) reactive gaseous mercury(RGM), and (3) total particulate mercury (TPM).Measurements are from a one-hour sampling periodfollowed by a one-hour analysis period duringwhich sampling is suspended. During the samplingperiod, GEM is reported every five minutes. Valuesin the graph are one-hour averages of the five-minute measurements. During the sampling period,RGM is captured on a potassium chloride coatedquartz annular denuder, and then a quartz filtercollects TPM. During analysis, RGM and TPM arethermally desorbed, converted to GEM, andmeasured. The RGM and TPM values in the graphare six-hour average concentrations.

Facilitating dry deposition estimates and,combined with wet deposition measurements,total mercury deposition estimates.

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Puerto Rico Virgin Islands# #

When referencing maps or information in this report,please use the citation: National Atmospheric Deposi-tion Program. 2007. National Atmospheric DepositionProgram 2006 Annual Summary. NADP Data Report2007-01. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL.

Note:

ISWS Data/Case Study 2007-02 and NADP Data Report 2007-01

The NADP Program Office is located at the Illinois State Water Survey, an affiliated agency of theUniversity of Illinois and a Division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. AllNADP data and information, including color contour maps in this publication, are available fromthe NADP Web site:

http://nadp.sws.uiuc.eduFor further information, special data requests, or to obtain copies of this publication, contact theNADP Program Office, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Drive, Champaign, IL 61820. Telephone: (217) 333-7871 Fax: (217) 333-0249 e-mail: [email protected]

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The NADP is National Research Support Project - 3: A Long-Term Monitoring Program in Support of Research on the Effects of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition. More than 250 sponsors support the NADP, including private companies and other nongovernmental organizations, universities, local and state government agencies, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, national laboratories, Native American organizations, Canadian government agencies, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (under agreement no. 2007-39138-18202). Any findings or conclusions in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, other sponsors, or theIllinois State Water Survey.

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Sites active as of 12/31/06Sites active as of 12/31/06

Sites active as of 12/31/06

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