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NASA Contractor Report 181909, Volume IIDOT/FAA. CT - 89/36 - II

THE NASA DIGITAL VGH PROGRAM -

EXPLORATION OF METHODS AND FINAL RESULTS

Volume II - L 1011 Data 1978-1979:1619 HOURS

Norman L. Crabill

Eagle Engineering, Incorporated

Hampton Division

Hampton, Virginia 23666

Contract NASW 4430

December 1989

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia 23665

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FOREWORD

This report was prepared by Eagle Engineering, Inc., Hampton

Division, under contract NASW 4430, sponsored by NASA Langley

Research Center and the Federal Aviation Administration Technical

Center under the FAA-NASA Interagency Agreement No. DTFA03-890-

A-O0019 of 13 June 1989. This report fulfills the requirement

of the Program Plan for the National Aging Aircraft Research

Program, DOT/FAA/CT-88/32, August 1989, Paragraph 2.3.2.1, Flight

Loads.

The Eagle Engineering, Inc. effort was performed by Norman L.Crabill and administered under the direction of Joseph W. stickle

(NASA Langley Research Center) and Thomas DeFiore (FAA Technical

Center).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME II

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

AIRCRAFT AND INSTRUMENTATION

Aircraft

Instrumentation

SCOPE OF DATA

DATA REDUCTION PROCESS

RESULTS

Flight Profile and Acceleration Derived Statistics

Autopilot Usage

CONCLUDING REMARKS

TABLE I

TABLE II

TABLE II (Continued)

TABLE II (Concluded)

FIGURES

DOCUMENTATION PAGE

PAGE NO.

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10-171

172

P_,E_;ED_i",:G PAGE BLANK NOY FILME[J

iii

.INIENTiON/S,F.LyBLANK

THE NASA DIGITAL VGH PROGRAM-

EXPLORATION OF METHODS AND FINAL RESULTS

Volume II: L i011 Data 1978-1979: 1619 Hours

Norman L. Crabill

Eagle Engineering, Inc.

Hampton Division

SUMMARY

Data obtained from the Digital Flight Data Recorder system of

a L i011 aircraft in 914 flights and 1619 hours of airline revenue

operations are presented as an extension of the work documented in

Volume I of this report. Data on conditions with flap deployment

and autopilot use are given. In addition, acceleration statistics

are presented from 23 hours on nonrevenue flights.

INTRODUCTION

This document presents the results of the NASA DVGH Program

obtained during 1978-1979 operations of a Lockheed L I011 aircraft.

This volume is an extension of the work and methods documented in

Volume I. The data reduction analysis and methods, and data

presentation are essentially the same as those reported in Volume

I. However, this report does contain additional data on autopilot

usage and some limited acceleration-derived exceedance data

obtained from non-revenue flights.

1

AIRCRAFT AND INSTRUMENTATION

Aircraft

The aircraft was a Lockheed L i011 as in Volume I. Aircraft

characteristics used in the analysis are given in Table I; the

configuration is shown in figure 1 with the location of the

accelerometers as indicated.

Instrumentation

The data were obtained from the Digital Flight Data Recorder

system described in Volume I. Measurements were:

Parameter Range and Units Samples per Second

a n + 1 -3g to +6g 4

ay -Ig to +Ig 4

CAS i00 to 450 kts 1

HP -i,00_ to 50,000 ft 1

FLP -5 ° to 600 1

Autopilot Status Off or On Discrete

Note that Spoiler data are not reported here, although they were

in Volume I.

SCOPE OF DATA

Data were collected from a single aircraft operating in

regular airline service over the service area shown in figure 2

during 1978 and 1979. Almost all of the data (914 flights and 1619

hours) were obtained during passenger-carrying revenue service; a

2

small amount (56 flights and 23 hours) was obtained during non-

revenue service (ferry flights mainly, although some training and

maintenance flights may have been included). As in Volume I, some

gaps in the data exist due to faulty or missing records, etc., but

this is believed to be small (less than I0 percent of the number

of flights).

DATA REDUCTIONPROCESS

The Data Reduction Process is basically the same as described

in Volume I. The filter used to separate maneuver and gust

accelerations was the same since the data are for the same type of

aircraft described in Volume I. Although the results of reference

13 in Volume I indicate that the operation of the autopilot can

cause up to a 20 percent reduction in the normal acceleration peak

response to continuous turbulence, it was decided, after consulta-

tion with the industry, not to account for this in deriving U_e'

in order to maintain comparability with the earlier VGH results,

even through the autopilot

investigation.

status was being monitored in this

RESULTS

Flight Profile and Acceleration Derived Statistics

Presentation of Flight Profile Statistics results is similar

to that described in Volume I. Flight Profile Statistics are

given in Percent of Time, and as Maximum Values on a Percent of

Flight basis for Entire Flights (flaps up or down) and for Flaps

Deflected. For operations reported in this volume, the conditions

3

existing during flap retraction after lift off, and the conditions

existing during flap deflection before landing are given.

Acceleration Derived Statistics are also presented as in

Volume I, except that with Flaps Deflected, the maximum a, and

Equivalent Airspeeds during that part of the flight are presented

for the various flap detents in take off and landing. Also new are

level crossing counts for the Acceleration Derived Quantities for

non-revenue ferry, training, and maintenance flights. All other

results are for revenue flights. The Acceleration Derived quan-

tities are subject to the same limitations discussed in Volume I,

which indicates that the exceedances derived from the DFDR system

at 4 samples per second may be significantly less than if actual

peak values were counted.

The detailed Flight Profile and Acceleration Derived Statis-

tics are given in figures 3 through 24 as shown in Table II. No

discussion of the data is presented.

Autopilot Usage

Autopilot status was monitored as off, or on, without regard

to the exact on-mode. The altitudes for autopilot turn-on during

climb, turn-off during descent, and percent-of-time and percent-

of-flights it was on are given in figure 25. The characteristics

of a low amplitude oscillation in normal acceleration that appears

sporadically in cruise, as first reported in Volume I, are sum-

marized in figure 26. This phenomenon is believed to be due to

off-nominal autopilot operation in the altitude-hold mode. The

presence of such a low-frequency resonance was predicted in

reference 13. Figure 27 shows normal acceleration power spectra

with autopilot off and on. It can be seen that the effect of the

autopilot operation is to shift the gust response of aircraft to

a higher frequency, that is from 0.35 Hz to 0.8 Hz in this example

as predicted in reference 13. Reference 13 also indicates that

another effect of the autopilot is a reduction in the gust response

by i0 to 25 percent. However, these autopilot effects were not

factored into the Ude transfer function in this analyses in order

to maintain comparability with the previous VGH results.

CONCLUDING REMARKS

Data obtained from the Digital Flight Data Recorder system of

an L i011 aircraft in 914 flights and 1619 hours of airline revenue

operations are presented as an extension of the work documented in

Volume I of this report. Some new data on conditions with flap

deployment and autopilot usage are given. In addition, accelera-

tion statistics are presented from 23 hours on non-revenue flights.

No general discussion of the data is presented.

5

TABLE I

LOCKHEEDL i011-i CHARACTERISTICSUSED IN THE ANALYSIS

O Geometrical Characteristics

o Wing Area S = 3456 ft 2

o Wing Mean Chord = 22.3 ft

O Lift Curve Slope CL_ per degree

Flaps. up = f(M, HP) Flaps Down

M HP = 0 10kft 20kft 40 kft FLP, deg

.20 .0923 .0928 .0929 .0936 0

.35 .0923 .0928 .0930 .0938 4

.50 .0913 .0920 .0929 .0946 I0

.60 .0918 .0928 .0940 .0963 18

.70 .0940 .0954 .0970 .1003 22

.80 -- .1038 .1058 .ii00 27

.89 -- .1210 .1240 .1305 33

.91 .... .1227 .1286 45

.95 .... .1030 .1081

= f(FLP)

HP = 0

.0925

.0973

.0980

.0975

.0971

.0962

.0948

.0912

o Weight was computed linearly with time from take off to

landing as described in Appendix C in Volume I.

6

o

o

TABLE II

INDEX OF FLIGHT PROFILE AND ACCELERATIONSTATISTICS

ENTIRE FLIGHTS

Figure Number

3

4

5

6

7

FLIGHT PROFILE STATISTICS

Subject

Weight vs. Flight Duration

Altitudes and Gross Weights

Altitudes and Airspeeds

Altitude Summary

Maximum Altitudes

Page Numbers

12-17

18

19-22

23

24-25

FLAPS DEFLECTED

8

9

I0

ii

12

Flap Detent Use

Weights, Altitudes and Airspeeds

Flap Deflection Times

Equivalent Airspeeds and Detents

Flap Use above i0,000 ft

26

27-33

34-36

37

38-39

7

o

TABLE II (continued)

ACCELERATIONDERIVED STATISTICS

ENTIRE FLIGHTS

Figure Number Subject

13 Normal Acceleration Exceedances

(a) an matrix 40

(b) an matrix 41

(c) anGmatrix 42

(d)-(k) an, a_, anGplots 43-52

14 Lateral Acceleration Exceedances!

(a) ay matrix 53

(b)-(k) ay plots 54-63

15 Ude Exceedances

(a) Ude matrix 64

(b)-(k) Ude plots 65-74

16 Peak Positive and Negative a n vs. Altitude

(a) a n matrix 75

(b) - (k) an plots 76-85

17 Peak Positive and Negative a n vs. Altitude

(a) a n matrix 86

(b)-(k) a n plots 87-96

18 Peak Positive and Negative a_ vs. Altitude

(a) anG matrix 97

(b)-(k) anG plots 98--107

Page Numbers

8

o

o

TABLE II (concluded)

19 Peak Positive and Negative UdeVS. Altitude

(a) Ude matrix 108

(b)-(k) Ude plots 109-118

FLAPS DEFLECTED


20 a n Exceedances with Flaps Deflected

(a) Take Off Detents matrix 119

(b) Take Off Detents plot 120

(c) Landing Detents matrix 121

(d) Landing Detents plot 122

21 Peak Positive and Negative a n per flight and EAS bands

(a)-(d) Take Off Detents 123-126

(e)-(k) Landing Detents 127-133

NON-REVENUE FLIGHTS


22 Normal Acceleration Exceedances

(a) a n matrix

(b) a_ matrix

(c) anG matrix

(d) a,, a_, anG plots

23 Lateral Acceleration Exceedances

(a) ay matrix

(b)- (k) ay plots

24 Ude Exceedances

(a) U_ matrix

(b)- (k) Ud. plots

Page Numbers

Page Numbers

134

135

136

137-146

147

148-157

158

159-168

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(b) Percent of flights to maximum pressure altitude per flight • plot

Figure 7.- Concluded.

25

ORIGINAL P/_E !S

OF POOR QUALITY

4 -_

Takeoff Phase

Total Flight Time

Total Rights

14.19 hours

1619.24 hours

914

I<

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I0 18 22 27 33

14 20 25 3O

Fl_de_ntlbni_ _rflapdemnL degr_s

i I

33 42

42l I

37 45

Landing Phase

Total Flight TimeTotal Flights

98.84 hours1619.24 hours

914

1.7280

1.4449i .3038

0.0683

i i

18 22 27 33

fleE) Detent, degrees

0.4684

42

Figure 8.- Percent of total flight time at each flap detent.

26

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270 290 .,310 330 .350 370 390 410 ,'1.30

OrOllll Weight, klb.

450

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.8

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I/2 2/3 3/4 4/5 5/5 6/7

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7/8 8/9 9/10

07

0.6

05

0,4.

o3 J

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01

0.0

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. ---T'-- _ _ _ } , , "--7--I , , .

tSO 160 170 180 190 200 2tO 220 230 240 250 260 270

CAS. I<notl

(a) Take off, flaps = 40; 12.4544 hours

Figure 9.- Gross weight, altitude above airport, and airspeed percent time distributions.

27

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II

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0,8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0,3

0.2

0.1

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0.0003 0.0035 0.0141 0.0226 0.0292 0.0235 0.0107 0.0024

270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 450

(;roll Weight, krb.

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0.6

0,5

0,4

0,3

0.2

0.1

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Altitude Above Alrport, kft

r ! ; 1

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0,7

0.6

0.5

0,4

0.3

0.2

O ;

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120 I_0 140 I._0 160 170 lBO 190 200 210 220 2.30 240 2";0 260 270

CA_;, knols

(b) Take off, flaps = 10°; 1.7203 hours

Figure 9. - Continued.

28

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8

0,8

0.7

0.6

0.5

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0.3

0.2

0.1

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0.7

0.6

0.5

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0.3

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0.6

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270 290 310 330

0.0662

350 370

Groall Weight, kiD.

390 410 430 450

i i

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0.1536 0.153&

0.1057 0.1007 0.0836 0.0808 0.0711o.os46 _/Jl

, _ v/A ....1/2 2/3 3/4 4/5 5/6 6/7 7/8 8/9 9/;0

AItltud_ Above Al_po_, kft

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-- _ , , _ ._ .O__ O.O_(.... 0"0_2" _ t 0 I O 1 _ '

I70 I_0 140 150 I_0 170 I_0 1_0 200 210 _20 230 240 250 2_0 270

CAS. &(nots

(c) Landing, flaps = 40; 15.2172 hours


29

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0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.t

0.0 i

250

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

O.4

0.3

0.2

0.%

0.0

0.8

0,7

0.6

0.5

0,4

0.3

0.2

0. I

0.0

0.3024

/ /

f/

V'/

0.0588 _//

, V/.

270 290 310

0.5_1 •

/ /

/ / ,/1 0._593

// /1

yj///.f

/ //

///

///

//////

///

///

/

/ 0.0961

330 3_0 370

Grollll Weight, Rib.

i l i i

390 410 430 450

).0035 0.0015

i i

0/.5 .S/t

0.24,44

t/'2

0.4,397

V/A

V/AV/AV/AV/A

v/z

Y/A

2/3

0.34,60

///1

/ 0.2171

/ 0.1686

/

/

/

/

! -

3/4, 4,/s s/6

Altitude Above Airport, kft

|0.1239 J

i i i i

8/7 7/El 8/9 9/'10

i i

120 % 30 140

0.3626

_0.3349

//

0.t908_

v

0.0218

150

/I I/./I o,2sg3/1V/I o.z37o

0.2097

0.1016

0 0002

160 t70 180 190 200 210 220 250 2•0 2_0

CAS, knoll

(d) Landing, flaps = 10°; 27.9800 hours

I

260 270


30

g

ocqc_If

o

2'=1

II_J

oE_

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0..3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.8

250

0.53080.5110

.7.7771

.... /. / /rI

"_ -//14

r7---_7 • / " _ / /tv / / _ /" - I ./.-" .4

v //- /.".-I //_/.I

v // o.o9,L6o.o_.3v/l ...-,

270 290 3 I O 330 350 `370

Gross Weight, klb.

i i 1--

`390 410 4`30 450

0.7

0.6

0.5

0,4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.8

0.45690.4-422

///

//i/. .// .4

/" //

//. ///t/ /- / /'/ M 0,2215

.... / "1 V/

).0016 0.0175 0.0339 0.0189 0.007

, ,-,-, . . , , ,-,--, ,_<-._ ..0/.5 .5/t 1/2 2/`3 3/'4 4/'5 5/'6 6/7 7/'8 8/9 9/'10

Altitude AbOVe AIrl)ort. kft

0.7

06

05

0.4.

0.3

02

0.2626

rmV..dL/71I/ ./I

I/./I

o t I/.4

o.o cl-°00°'°°°7°°22,, _ 't_//]L_

0,5371

f// - 0.`3054i .

/.

. V./lo.ts2e

,// I/..

''./J I) 0.1063

. . .oo_o , , , , ,

120 130 14-0 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 2`30 240 250 260 270

CA5. kr, ot_

(e) Landing, flaps = 220; 23.3960 hours


31

8

X

0t_

II

2

t/]

[-,

I!

[-,

¢)

0,8

0.7

0.6

0.5

o._

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.o

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.4949

//-/ 0.4267.//'/

7/'7 /7 "

/'/'/ / /"

///" 171

/'/'/" / J l

0,2559 /'/'/ //i

/'// / 1/

/'//"//I //1

o.o651 7/_ I_t o.osi 1

/// /7/i = - i i 1 i

250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 45C

Groml Weight, klb,

0.4920

0.4186 ////_

i o.0211 0.0050 0.00.34. 0,0Ol 40.OOt 1 0.0004 0.000'

i • - i i i

0/.5 ,5/1 I/2 2/3 3/4 4/5 5/6 6/7 7/15 S/9 9/10


0.62_7

////// 0,5059

I/ V/I//

// L,//1I/ I-"./I//I L//II/ 1.1".,I"I

//// VA

0.1219 // _/_

/'/ 0.0430/./I

_2 /'/ _//_ [7"-_0,0001• . I ) ) I t I I I + ) !

120 1.%0 taO 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 2?0

CAS. knot_l

(f) Landing, flaps = 330; 21.1119 hours


32

8

O

tl

hi)

a

II

k).et ...................

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4.

0.5

0.2

0.1

0.0

O.B

0.17670.1563

o0.0219 0,0183

250 270 290 3_ O 330 350 570

OrOS= Weight, ktb.

; i ' l i

390 a_O 430 450

0.7

0.6

0.5

O,4

O,3

0.2

0/.5 .5/1 1/'2 2/3 3/4. 4/'5 5,/6 6/'7 7/'8 8/9 9/1 (]


0.8

0.7

O.S

0.5

0.4

0.3 0.258a

O. ! 084 0.0939

(_,0053 0,004.3

120 130 1_$0 150 160 170 18JO 190 200 210 _20 2-_0 240 250 260 3'70

CAS, knotm

(g) Landing, flaps = 420; 7.5845 hours

Figure 9. - Concluded.

33

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N _N,,

0000000000000000000000000000000

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eq

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0

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i."

m ° °

.tJ0

g.

Io

34

o° .... ° 0 0 , ° °

fq ql, _ _D _ e_ r-_ i-t o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o o 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 _

0

0

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0

o

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8

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I0II

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r_

i

35

30

2O

10

Flap increases more than 2 ° Flap increascs more than 7 °

0%8 t _ooo_ o _l 6 i

3O

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CL

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10

30

20

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O

o I:lap i.crcascs more than 14 °

o

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Flap increases more than 20 °

o

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minutes

3O

20

10

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9O

Flap increases more than 30°


o

o _ f I I I f

0 10 20 30

Time Before Touchdown that Flap is Changed, minutes

O

q_q_n I ml 1 1

I0 20

minutes

I

30

(c) l.anding: Plots of data froln l:igurc 10(b)


36

++;_o

_E:tit_i l,ql

IVlml

+,I_I

op.

ooixN

+_It

o_

.+.0++

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ORIGINAL PAG_C I_

OF POOR QUALITY

c)

!

3"7

Fn

o

Z

3O

28

26

24

22

2O

1B

16

14

12

10

B

6

3O

2

0

//i

/ 1

F /

/ /

/ /

/ i/

f.I

r /

/ //

F /

if /

f /i

i II

/ ii

/ /

B / _ B B/

i/i 4 4

/./ 2 2 2

/,,./II I " I I

73 Flights Included

1

I I I l t"(I

9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17,5 18

2O

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

(a) Pressure altitude at initial flap deflection, kft

20

73 Flights Included

16

14

12

2,30 240 250 260 270

(b) Calibrated airspeed at initial flap deflection, kts

Figure 12.- Flap use above 10,000 feet pressure altitude.

38

50

O

_jd:D

2B

26 -

24 -

22 -

20 -

14

12

10

8

6 5

4 /

/2 /

/0 i

0

10

73 Flights Included

21

7/

/

////-//

¢¢

5

/1-/]11

A7

AA

A 7- 4

A <, /2 3 4

i

1 1 1 1 1 1

5 6 7 8 9 10

(c) Minutes above 10,000 ft. that flaps deflected > 2 deg

z

4. 4

7_//1//1/A//1

_-//1

v dI I l " I

2 4 6

8 8

77,///////V//

/////

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/,. _/// /i//

x/q//// I/ // /////_/// ///x/q//

/ /1 " I

10 12

9

///

7

?/// s/7-////////////////////////i i

14

73 Flights Included

2 2 2 2

1 i i i i i 1 i I

16 18 20 22 24 26

(d) Minutes before touchdown of initial flap deflection


39

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II

0°°°,°,

oo oooooooooooo__oooooooooooo

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r.._

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OF POOR QUALITY

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o o o o o o o o o o o o _ t,,_ _lp m,"4 o o o o o o o o o o o o _

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oo

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I0

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41

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en

o,°°°

°,°.°0°°,0°°°°0°

oo o0o0o0oooooo__ooooo0o0oooo

o_ _g__° .... • • • , •

O0 000000000000__000000000000O0 _

o_ ___• ° • , • ° • • • ° • °

oo°° o0o0oooooooo__oooooooooooo

, • 0 • , • ......... °

OOoo oooooooooo___oooooooooo

o_ 333____3• • ° ............. °

O0 0000000000___0000000000O0 __

o_ ____33_0,° ............ ,,°.

oo ooooo0oooo___oooooooooooo o

0 ...........

OOoo oo00o0oooo___ooo0o0oooo

• 0

o

o

m_

o

_0

_f

ooo

o

_0°°00_°00,,°.°

o

t:_

v

!

42

O

GO

oL)

105

10 4

10s

102

101

10 o

lO-t

10-2

Total FlightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

Z,_9

v()[] []

<> <>0[]

0()

o_

rqal_

914119.98

24015

10-s I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Incremental Acceleration, g units

(d) a,, a_, a.o, -500 to 4500 feet altitude

Figure 13.- Continued.

43

O

0

lOs

104

103

102

101

lOo

10-t

10-2=_ "

10-3 i i

-1.00

()

/%/,,V\/

C9

Total FlightsTotal hoursTotal Miles

O_

Ha_

>Q

<>o

914108.04

29500

.o*x,d

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(e) a,, a_,.a.o, 4500 to 9500 feet altitude


44

O

Or..)

105

10 4

I0_

10 2

101

I00

lO-t

10-2

- 8a

- _, El

10-3 Iw I ,it t II it I I

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20

Total FlightsTotal r-toursTotal Miles

1Oa_

Da_

> Oa_J

P

[]

>0

_c]<

)),-,

LJ V _J

914108.72

37758

I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(f) a,, a_, a_Q,9500 to 14500 feet altitude


45

O

O

105

104

10_ ..

lo_ ClQ.=

- %10_ A

_. ov

loo _ _>L_I

10-1 ()

: 0<>E]

10-2 /x A_= xzV


E_a_

a_o

0

[]0 0

(_

91477.17

31446

10-3 I ! I I I I I I I I 11 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(g) a,, a_, a_, 14500 to 19500 feet altitude


46

Or,.)

10s

10 4

lOs

102

l0 t

10o

lO-t 0 <

1o-2

k.)

Qzj

t" 'v_t"-1 __,,"q" _

"%,g-" N/

Total FlightsTotal taoursTotal Miles

E3

!"'1 r"'t iN,t.j _ N,"

91483.30

36597

Oa,

Vla_

10-3 I I ! I I I ! I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I 11 t

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(h) a., a_, a_, 19500 to 24500 feet altitude


47

O

0

lOs

104

103

-7-

w

Total NightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

10' _ 0

101 _- %LJ

©

10o_ (_)[_.} _)

- <> [_,)10-1 ....

- L_)

0

10-2 _ [-] _> (_

914110.40

52345

o_

E3_

I

10-3 I I ! 111 I I I II I I 11 t I I I II I I I It I I I I

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(i) a., a_, a_, 24500 to 29500 feet altitude


48

O

0

105

104

103

102

10_

10o=

10-a

10-2 A t= Vx

m

10.3 vtv lit

-1.00 -0.80

C

<

O

x_/X rI "h/\/ t.

E

OO

O

¢>>D

[]

"1,A

I I I I I I I

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20


Oa_

rla_

Oa_

914266.52

131370

3

O

OO

%

_<>

[] 8()

E3 o\

II III III III III III

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(j) a., a_, a.o, 29500 to 34500 feet altitude


49

O

O

r..)

lOs

104

103

102

101

10o

lOa

10-2

Total _ightsTotal hoursTotal Miles

IOa_

E3

O0

0 0

© ©

/\ _ I--1 ,/\\/ L._I -- x/

0 0[]

r'x A r-_ A r_

914742.54

363809

I I II I I I II I I I I 11 1 I I 1 I tl II I I II

-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(k) a., a_, a._, 34500 to 39500 feet altitude


5O

O

C_

0

105

10_

103


9143.15

1545

i

oa_

H_

'Oa_o

10 2

10_

10o

10-2

10-2m

m

0 o

00

[]

(3 []

10-3 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I ! I I I 1 I I I I I I I

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(1) a,, a_, a_, 39500 to 44500 feet altitude


51

o

oL)

lO s

10 4

103

10 2

101

10o f

<

v

0 n_,

0


Oa_

Hallu

IO a_o

- >= 0

10-' _ [] ['J AV V()

- ()

IO-_ A < > < >0r, [] OC)= V L..,

{ I I

9141619.24

708384

10 a 1 I I I I I I I I 1 1 I l I I I 1 t I I ! 1 I t I I I

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00


(m) a,, a_, a_, -500 to 44500 feet altitude


52

.<

_tJ

r_

0

oo oo

,qp

0

o

oo00,,0

oooooooooooo__oooooooooooo _

0

_ oooooooooooo._,_._ooooo oo ooooo

0

_ o o o o oo oo oo oo rqo _,_ooooo oo oo oo o

0

0

0

0

I-I

l-0

I-I

oo0 .... 00oooooooooooo__oooooooooooo o_

• .... °°o.°

oooooooooooo_o_oooooooooooo _

,00000,0 ....

oooooooooooo__ooooooooooo _

0°°00,0000,

ooooooooooo ooooooooooo

ooo ...........

oooooooooooo = ooooooooooo

ooooooooo__&__ooooooooo _

53

I-i

2

0

g

8

e_

M

I°

U.,

O

o9

OL)

10 5

10 4

10 3

10 2

101

10 o

10-1

10-2

10-3

Total Flights 914Total Hours 119.88Total Miles 24015

O

()

_9

O

()

OO

()

()

IIIp

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04

ar, g Units

C'h

! IIII IIII I111 1tlt I!fT Itll I]lt IIT _III

0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

(b) -500 to 4500 feet altitude

Fi_mare 14.- Continued.

54

10 5E

10 4

10 3

10 2

g -0

10 0 _ ,

10-1

10-2

0

()

()

0

(

f)

: ()

Total FlightsTotal HoursTom] Miles

O

f)

O

()

I@

914108.04

29500

()

10-3 IIII II! IIII IIII ITII fill IIII I!I_ fill III

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

a_, g Umts

(c) 4500 to 9500 feet altitude

Figa_'e 14.- Continued.

55

10 5

104

103

10 2

101

O


914108.72

37758

()

0

10 o

10-1

10-2

()

()

©

0

()

10-3 _, lilt 111l ItlT 1!II ITII

-0.20 -0.16 -0.12 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.04

ay, g Units

C,

111t 1Ttl IIII III1

0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

(d) 9500 to 14500 feet altitude

Figxtre 14.- Continued.

56

105


91477.17

31446

103

10 2

i lO

10 ° : f)

()

O

() ()

©

10-1

() ()

()

10 "2 () ()r-

7-

10-3 J_f Illl lilt IIII II11 II II I Itl lilt I111 IIII

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04-0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

a,, g Units

(e) 14500 to 19500 feet altitude


57

10 5

10 4

10 3


91483.30

36597

(_

]0 2

_ 101

10 o

10-1

z 0

- ()

0

()

0

()

0

10 "2 =r-.

10-3 _J,_,,,, r,,, _,, ,,, ,,,, I,_r

-0.20 -0.16 -0.12 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.04

a,, g Units

@I

IIII! !III IIII

0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

(f) 19500 to 24500 feet altitude


58

10 5


914110.42

52345

lO s

10 2

C)

_101

0

10 o

t)

© ©

() ()

©©

10-1 _. (3- ()

10-2m

10.3 IJtt lilt till till Ifll Illl lilt Illl

-0.20 -0.16 -0.12 -0.08 -0.04 -0.00 0.04

a v g Units

fill Iltl

0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

(g) 24500 to 29500 feet altitude


59

105

10'{

10 3

10 2

0

_ 101

o

10 o

10-I

10-2


914266.52

131370

()

O ©

© O

C)

10.3 _ffr ttl_ 1111 !!!1 ITII [!_l Iiti iltl Till Till

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

ay, g Units

(h) 29500 to 34500 feet altitude


60

10 5

10 4

10 3

10 2I--4

o

N

or..)

10 o


914742.54

363809

()

10-1

10-2

()

O

{)

O

O

()

=

10-3 IIII Itli IIII 1111 Ill! l_ft

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04

a7, g Units

0

()

Iltl IIII IIII IIII

0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

(i) 34500 to 39500 feet altitude


61

10 s

10 4

10 3

10 2

101

100

Total FLightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

9143.15

1545

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65

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Total FLightsTotal floursTotal Miles

914108.04

29500

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103

102

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914108.72

37758

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Total l_'ghtsTotal _oursTotal Miles

91477.17

31445

105

104

103

102

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101

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68

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102

101

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91483.30

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103

102

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914110.42

52345

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101

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Total FLightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

914266.52

131370

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363809

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72

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9143.15

1545

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104

103

102

101

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9141619.24

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79

102

Total FlightsTotal t-loutsTotal Miles

91483.30

36596.7

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80

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101

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81

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102

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Total Highs 914Total Hours 266.52Total Miles 131369.9

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363808.8

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83

102


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708383.6

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914108.72

37757.9

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31445.9

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91483.30

36596.7

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914266.52

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93

102

Total .FI.ightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

914742.54

363808.8

101

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Total nightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

914108.72

37757.9

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0.12 0.16 0.20


149

10 5

10 4

10 3

10 2

0

101(,,,,,,a

o

10 o

10-1

0

()

0


()

- 0 0

_: () ()

562.24

795

10-2

10-3 tJl_ _ Iw_ _r_ _ Trot _t_

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08

a,, g's

(d) 9500 to 14500 altitude

II I IIII IIII

0.12 0.16 0.20


150

105

10 4

10 3

10 2

0

101

o

10 0 ©

0


i

O

C)C)

() 0

10_ 2

m-

10-3 till till llll IIII IIII Illl till Illl

-0.20 -0.16 -0.12 -0.08 -0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08

ay, g's


©

561.94

793

_III IIII

0.12 0.16 0.20


151

10 5

10 4

10 3

10 2

0

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()

OO

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©

10-1

10-2

10-3

B

IIIf IIII IIII IIII III1 II11 IIII

-0.20 -0.16 -0.12 -0.08 -0.04 0.00

ar, _, s

0.04

56

359


.8O

IIII Iiti Itli

0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

Figm-e 23.- Continued

152

10 5

10 4

10 3

10 2

0

101

or..)

lO o

10-1

10-2

10-3

0

mm

II1!

()

Illl IIII IIII IIII

-0.20 -0.16 -0.12 -0.08 -0.04

Total Nights 56Total Hours 1.04Total Miles 506

()

©

IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII

0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

G, g's



153

10 5

104

Total HightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

56.63

310

103

10 2

O

101r_

0

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10-1

10-2

0

0

)

0

()

10-3 lIt, 111i II11 IIII IIII IIII II11 IIII II1! IIII

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

ay, g's



154

10 5

10 4

10 3()


562.90

1419

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0

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-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

a,, g's



155

10 5

10 4

10 3


561.45

710

10 2 =

=:10

_101 =

0_ -

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10-2

10-3

w

IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII III IIII

-0.20-0.16-0.12-0.08-0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

ay, g's



156

10 5

10 4

10 3

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0

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5623.71

7616

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Fi_mare 23.- Concluded

157

0E4_

go

wP

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158

O

or..)

105

104

103

10 2

101

lOo

D

©

(

0

0

D

Total FlightsTotal t_oursTotal Miles

)

O

o

C

0

0

569.05

1758

10-_

10-2m

10_3 i

-50

(3

III II I1 I I I I I I II III I I II I II I I II II II II I II I

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

U_, ft/sec



159

O

O

105

104 ,

103

102 =,

0

101 =-_ ©

-10o

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10-3 I II I ]11 I I ! I I I J II I 111

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160

O

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105E

104

103

102

101

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-50

()

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0

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k.A.,;

562.24

795

i Ii I II I.] i i I i I ii I II l

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Figure 24.- Continued

161

O

r_

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105

104

103

102

/

10_

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10-1

r10-2

X

10-3 i

-50

()


561.94

793

OO

III III I II IIII III I IIII IIII

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20

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I II IIII llll

30 40 50



162

105

Total .FlightsTotal moursTotal Miles

56

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101

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U_., ft/sec


Figm'e 24.- Continued

163

10s


561.04

506

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0

0

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102

101

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()

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10-3 Itll 1111 I_ II IIII llll lit| II1.! Iiti III1 III1

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Figlare 24.- Continued

164

o

o(J

105

104

103

102

101

10o

()

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Total nightsTotal HoursTotal Miles

0

0

56.63

310

10-_

10-2

10-3

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Illl

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166

o

0

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10"

103

10 2

Total F_li'ghts 56Total flours 1.45Total Miles 710

()

101

10o

10-1

10-2

10-3 J tJl

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5623.71

7616

10'

0 0

101

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10-_

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Figaare 24.- Concluded.

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171

1. Report No.

NASA CR-181909, VOL.

DOT/FAA-CT- 8 9/3 6-I i4. Title and Subtitle

Report Documentation Page

2. Government Accession No.lI

The NASA Digital VGH Program -Exploration of Methods and Final Results

Volume II - L i011 Data 1978-1979: 1619 Hours

7. Author(s)

Norman L. Crabill

9. PedDling Organizat,on Name and Addre_

Eagle Engineering, Inc.

Hampton Division

Tower Box 77, 2101 Executive

Hampton, VA 23666

Drive

12. Sponsoring A_ncy Name and Addm_

National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationWashington, DC 20546-0001 and

U.S. Department of TransportationFAA Technical Center

Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 0840515. Supplementary Notes

3. Recipient's Catalog No.

5. Report Date

December 1989

6. Performing Organization Code

8. Performing Organization Report No.

10. Work Unit No.

505-63-01-05

11. Contract or Grant No.

NASW -4430

13. Type of Report and Period Covered

Contractor Report

14. Sponsoring &gency Code

Langley Technical Monitor: Joseph W. Stickle

FAA Technical Center COTR: Thomas DeFiore

16. Abstract

L i011 Digital Flight Data Recorder data

analyzed to provide many statistical data

airliner airworthiness design criteria.

taken in 1978-1979 were

types useful for updating

17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s))

Flight Recorders, Digital Flight

Data Recorders, VGH, Digital VGH,

Airworthiness, Airliner, L i011

19. SecuriW Cla_if. (of this repoR)

Unclassified

NASA FORM 1626 OCT 86

18. Distribution Statement

Unclassified-Unlimited

Subject Category 06

20. Security Class#. (of this page)

Unclassified

21. No. of pages 22. Price

176 A09

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