Biology Study Guide Sections 1.2 and 1.3

How Scientists Work and the Properties of Life

Designing an Experiment (pages 8-10)

1) What do you call the idea that living things can arise form nonliving matter (like dead leaves, rocks, and ice, for example)?

2) Has spontaneous generation proven to be true or untrue?

3) Classify each of the following statement as examples of either a living thing coming from another living thing (L) or spontaneous generation (“S”).a) _____ a duck hatches from an eggb) _____ water and dirt combine to form an insectc) _____ one bacterium splits into two bacteriad) _____ maggots appear on garbagee) _____ a mushroom appears on a rotting log_f) ____ a human baby grows inside of its mother

4) How many things can be tested during 1 experiment?a) 0b) 1c) 2d) 3

5) Explain your answer to number 4 in words.

6) What is mean by the term “controlled experiment?

Directions: Answer the multiple choice questions below concerning Redi’s experiment on spontaneous generation. His hypothesis was that “IF flies contact meat, THEN maggots will grow on the meat”.

7) Which containers held raw meat?a) Trial 1b) Trial 2c) Trial 3d) Alle) none

8) Which containers allowed “ethers” to contact the meat? a) Trial 1b) Trial 2c) Trials 1 and 2 d) Trials 1 and 3e) None

9) In Trial 1, what was allowed to contact the meat?a) airb) fliesc) “ethers”d) all of the above

10) In Trial 2, what was allowed to contact the meat?a) airb) fliesc) “ethers”d) none of the above

11) In Trial 3, what was allowed to contact the meat?a) air and “ethers”b) fliesc) air, “ethers”, and fliesd) neither air nor flies

12) The only trial which produced flies was the one which allowed

a) air to contact the meatb) flies to contact the meatc) flies to view meat thru a screen

____________________________________________________________

13) Directions: Use the word bank below to fill in the blanks of the paragraph that follows.

Every experiment is based on a __________, a prediction of the outcome of an experiment. The easiest way to write

out a hypothesis is in the ____________ format. When you do this, the “IF…” tells you what you are testing, a factor

called the __________. The “THEN…” portion of the hypothesis then will tell you the dependent variable of the

experiment, which is how you ___________ your results.

There should be __________ groups in every experiment. One group is called the __________ group, and it contains

the independent variable. The other group is the __________ group. It’s there so you have something to which you can

___________ your results. Another way of describing the control group is that it allows you to see what happens when

the independent variable is not present.

Aside from the independent variable, all other factors in both of your groups should be __________. If they are, there is

only one thing that could be causing any ___________ between your groups is the independent variable. When all the

variables except the independent variable are the same between your groups, the experiment is called __________ and it

is properly set up.

Properties of Life

14) DIRECTIONS: Draw lines matching the following properties of life on the left with their description on the right.

Organizationmost organisms increase in size and show some changes in their shape or form as they move thru life (babies grow, caterpillars metamorphosize into butterflies)

Energyto be safe and continue to survive, organisms must be able to move towards and away from various stimuli and factors in their environment (move in/out of sun, run away, attack, etc)

Growth and organisms have specialized structures

measure compare differences hypothesis“if…then…” experimental the same independent

variable2 control “controlled”

Development that perform certain functions (heart pumps blood, muscle contract , ovaries produce eggs)

Reproduction in order for a population to survive, at least some of its members must make new organisms (your mother and father made you, 1 yeast cell divides into 2)

Response and Adaptation

all organisms must be able to take in some form of energy from the environment and use it to power the processes that keep them alive (plants photosynthesize to make food, you eat other organisms)

15) Directions: Complete the table by writing a plus (+) in the column if the object in the first column possesses the characteristic, and a minus (-) if it does not.

OBJECT Composed of Cells

Organized Responds to Environmen

t

Uses Energy

Reproduces Grows Adapts to Change

car

rock

single bacteriummushroom

teenager

senior citizenman in comapremature baby

castrated manpost-menopausal woman