Name:_____________________Biology Semester 1 Review

The semester exam is worth 20% of your semester grade. The test will be scantron, but there will be a variety of questions on it. This review sheet is also part of your test. It is worth 20% of your exam grade for completing it correctly and thoroughly. You will not have enough room to answer the question on this paper. To receive full credit you must turn the review sheet in before the test (2nd Hour, January 15, 2014 and 7th & 8th Hour, January 17, 2014). Study up!!!

Chapter 1 and 2 Plants and Leaves1. What does Biology mean and

where does the word come from?

2. What is zoology3. What is anatomy4. What is physiology5. What is Botany6. All energy originally comes

from where?7. List the four (4) main parts of a

plant and give their basic functions.

8. What are the two types of root systems?

9. Draw and label all the parts of a leaf. 10. What is the difference between annuals, biennials and perennials?11. What are the differences between dicots and monocots?12. What is the difference between deciduous and evergreen trees?13. What is the hierarchy of parts of living organisms?14. What are the two main systems of a plant?15. What is different about a sessile leaf?16. What is the difference between simple and compound leaves?17. What are the four arrangements of leaves on the stem and how are they different?18. What are the two kinds of vascular tissue and what are their jobs?19. What process involving water happens at the stomata?20. What are the three leaf venations and how can you tell them apart?21. What are the three main parts/organelles of any cell and what are their functions?22. What are the special parts/organelles of a plant cell and what are their functions?23. What is photosynthesis?24. Why is it important?25. Describe what reactions take place for photosynthesis to occur.26. What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Chapter 3 Review Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds1. What is the primary purpose of a flower

2. Label and describe all the parts of the flower

3. What are the four main parts of the flower?

4. If a flower has all of these parts it is called what? If a flower is missing one or more of these parts it is called what?

5. Describe the differences between staminate and pistillate flowers.

6. Describe the difference between monoecious and dioecious plants.

7. What is fruit and what is its primary function?

8. What is the difference between self and cross-pollination?

9. Describe the process of fertilization. Draw a picture if it helps.

10. What is the difference between a simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits? Give examples.

11. Why is it important that fruits are dispersed?

12. What are the two major parts of the seed and what are their functions?

13. What is germination?Chapter 24 Review DNA

1. What is DNA?2. What are the four nitrogen bases (nucleotides) that make up DNA?3. What are the steps to DNA replication?4. What are the steps to Transcription?5. What does mRNA do?6. What are the steps to Translation?

Chapter 22 Review Cells1. What is the cell principle?2. What importance does this knowledge have for biology?3. What is the modern cell theory?4. What are cells that live on their own called?5. What is unique about different types of cells?6. The three main parts of cells are what?

7. Be able to label and explain the function of all the structures of the cell. (Use the diagram and the worksheet you filled out.) Some include Nucleus, Nuclear Envelope, Nuclear Pores, DNA, Nucleolus, Microtubules, Mitochondria, ATP, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth), Golgi Complex, Lysosomes Vacuoles, Cell Membrane, and Cell Wall.

8. How many membranes do mitochondria have? What is special about the inner membrane? Why is this helpful?

9. What makes proteins? What are some functions of proteins?

10. Why is Rough ER called “rough”? Why could this be an advantage?

11. What is homeostasis?12. The law of conservation of

energy states that energy ….13. What two processes does most

life on earth depend on?14. What are the formulas for each

of them?15. What is the difference between

anaerobic and aerobic exercise?16. What 2 process that move molecules occur without energy?17. What 3 process that move molecules occur with energy?18. What happens during interphase?19. What are the 4 steps of mitosis and what happens in each20. What happens after mitosis is complete to finish cell division?21. What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics and why is it important to in Biology?22. Label the cell diagram and pictures of mitosis.

Chapter 23 Review Genetics1. What is heredity?2. What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?3. Why is the differentiation of cells important in complex organisms?4. What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?5. When two gametes come together, what is made?6. How is Meiosis different from Mitosis?7. What happens in each phase of both meiotic divisions?8. Why is Gregor Mendel important?9. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?10. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?11. What is the difference between dominant traits and recessive traits?

12. What is an allele?13. If traits are not inherited together, this is an example of which law?14. State the law of dominance.15. What is incomplete dominance?16. State the law of segregation.17. What is a sex-linked trait? What are some examples for humans?18. What is a carrier?19. What are some ways we get variety in different organisms?20. Is gene frequency determined by dominant or recessive traits?21. If a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous individual were to have a child, what is the chance

of them having a homozygous dominant child?22. If you cross a Type AB person with a type A (IAIO) person, will any of their children be type AB?

Type O?23. For a recessive trait on the X chromosome, can a male be a carrier? Why?24. Do the positive aspects of genetic research outweigh the negative? (There may be aspects that we

did not talk about that you want add.) Why do you think this? (There is no wrong answer, but you have to back up your answer.)

25. In humans the allele for albinism is recessive to the allele for normal pigmentation. What is the probability that a heterozygous person and an albino person would produce an albino child?

26. What is the probability of crossing two heterozygous individuals would produce an albino child?27. If a married couple had blood types A and B could they have a child that is type O? Explain.28. Smooth is dominant to wrinkled. A heterozygous smooth plant is crossed with a wrinkled seed

plant. What would the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios for the offspring be?29. Be able to use Punnett Squares to figure out the possible genotypic and phenotypic ratios.

Classification and Vertebrates1. The scientific name of the white oak is quercus Alba. Rewrite it correctly.2. Put the hierarchical system of names in order from largest to smallest.

Class Family Genus Kingdom Order Phylum Species3. What are the five kingdoms of life and what are their major characteristics?4. What is the difference between viviparous, oviparous, marsupial, placental, and ovoviviparous?5. What are the main characteristics of fish?6. What are the main characteristics of amphibians?7. What are the main characteristics of reptiles?8. What are the main characteristics of birds?

Chapter 16 Mammals1. What are 3 characteristics do all vertebrates have?2. What 5 characteristics do all mammals have? Which 2 are unique to mammals?3. What 3 other characteristics do most mammals have?4. What is the difference between bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry, and asymmetry?5. Be able to identify what kind of symmetry something has if given an object.6. What is the difference between viviparous and oviparous?7. What are the three types of mammals if we classify them by their early development?8. What characteristic do all marsupials have?