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MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL 4NHUMANITIES: SOCIAL STUDIES 2275/01 2176/01

PAPER 1 [50 marks]SEMESTER ONE EXAMIINATION

May 20181 hour 45 minutes

Additional materials: Writing paper

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATESDo not open this booklet until you are told to do so.Write your answers on the writing papers provided.Write your name, register number and class on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.

Answer all parts of the question.You are to leave 3 lines after each answer.

Hand in question paper and answer scripts separately.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATESThe number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.The total mark for this paper is 50.

This question paper consists of 7 printed pages.Setter: Raj Kanna Vetter: S Santhi

Section A (Source-Based Case Study)

Question 1 is compulsory for all candidates.

Study all sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources you are told to use. In answering you should use your knowledge of the topic to help you interpret and evaluate the sources.

1 (a) Study Source A.

What is the message of the source? [5]

(b) Study Source B.

Why do you think the Prime Minister made this speech?Explain your answer. [6]

(c) Study Sources C and D.

How far does Source C support Source D about the impact of globalisation? Explain your answer. [7]

(d) Study Source E.

Do you trust what Source E says about the economic impact of globalisation of developing countries? Explain your answer. [7]

(e) How far do the sources in the case study show that globalisation has brought harm to the society? Explain your answer. [10]

2

Does globalisation bring with it more harm than benefit?

Background Information

Globalisation is defined as the process by which people, their ideas and their activities in different parts of the world become interconnected or integrated. This interconnectedness can be through economic linkages such as trade or even through exposure to foreign culture and lifestyles. Globalisation is facilitated by developments in communication, transportation and the rise of transnational corporations.

However, many have also argued that globalization have brought about other problems such as widening income gap between the rich and the poor; loss of indigenous* culture and even causing harm to our environment. The poorer countries are often at a disadvantage.

* particular to the region or local

Study the following sources to find out if globalisation has brought more harm than benefit to the world.

Source A: A cartoon published in an American newspaper in 2015.

* The ‘American dream’ refers to a popular idea held by Americans that they could eventually become wealthy or successful.

3

Source B: An extract of the speech by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the National Day Rally in 2016.

Source C: Extracted from an article, “Effects of globalisation”, published on an Indian website.

Source D: An extract from a book titled “What is Globalisation?” by the Levin Institute, University of New York.

*subject of disagreement

4

Globalisation is deeply controversial.* Supporters of globalisation argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living, while those who oppose globalisation claim that the creation of an international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. Resistance to globalisation has therefore taken shape both at a popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the flow of capital, labour, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of globalisation.

Globalisation has opened up broader communication lines and brought more companies as well as different worldwide organizations into India. This provides opportunities for not only working men, but also women, who are becoming a larger part of the workforce. With new jobs for women, there are opportunities for higher pay, which raises self-confidence and brings about independence. This, in turn, can promote equality between the sexes, something that Indian women have been struggling with their entire lives.

Because of technology and globalisation, old models are not working and we’ll have to adjust and keep up. Disruption will happen over and over again. For example, retail business – which employs 125, 000 workers, in 16, 000 companies – have been affected by e-commerce. But it’s not just doom and gloom, because when local jobs and businesses are disrupted, new jobs are also created. As a transport and financial hub, Singapore can be a major player in the new logistics chain and there are also new opportunities in data analytics and digital marketing. Industries are getting disrupted differently, and the Economic Development Board (EDB), SPRING Singapore and Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) will work with industries and with the trade associations to develop specific programmes to help companies use new technologies and invest in skill upgrading.

Source E : A blog post by an American, from a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), on the impact of Walmart* on less developed countries.

*WALMART - An American retail MNC that operates as a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores both in USA and worldwide.

5

Section B (Structured-Response Question)

Question 2 is compulsory for all candidates.

2 Management and Impact of Socio-Cultural Diversity

Study the extracts carefully, and then answer the questions.

Extract 1

Making insensitive jokes about other socio-cultural groups is not uncommon. They are often thought to be harmless and do not suggest that the people making the jokes are prejudiced against others. However, plenty of recent psychology research have shown that insensitive humour can promote negative attitudes and behaviours against targeted groups.

Extract 2

In France, the government adopts a policy of assimilation in order to manage the increasing socio-cultural diversity so as to increase the interactions between the majority and the minority groups. Extract 3

In Singapore, the government adopts a policy of integration in order to manage the increasing socio-cultural diversity in order to increase the interactions between the majority and the minority groups.

6

(a) Extract 1 describes how insensitive jokes can be harmful even though they are seen as harmless. It also shows that these jokes can happen in schools.

In your opinion, how can schools in Singapore help to reduce the number of bullying incidents amongst the students. Explain your answer using one suggestion. [7]

(b) Extracts 2 and 3 highlight the assimilation and integration policies used to manage socio-cultural diversity in France and Singapore respectively.

Explain how the assimilation approach and integration approaches are used to maintain harmony between the locals and immigrants. [8]

-----------------END OF PAPER-------------------

7

Secondary Four Normal (Academic) Social Studies

SA1 - Mark Scheme

1 (a) Study Source A.

What is the message of the source? [5]

Level Descriptors MarksL1 Surface description of the source but no valid message

e.g. The source shows an unemployed American watching the news stating that “Investments by American creates economic growth. The American dream is alive in China, Thailand and Singapore.”

1

L2 Answers based on misinterpretation of the source

e.g. The source tells me that the American dream has spread to countries in Asia.

2

L3 Valid interpretation of the source, but not detecting the main message

e.g. The message of this source is to highlight that foreign investments have been beneficial for many countries. The cartoon shows the news sharing that “Investments in America creates economic growth. The American dream is alive in China, Thailand & Singapore” and that America will have more investments overseas

e.g. The message of this source is to highlight how Americans are not benefitting from globalization as the man is seen to be unemployed despite the economic growth in Asian countries. The evidence from the source is that “Investments by American creates economic growth. The American dream is alive in China, Thailand and Singapore.”

3

L4 Main message of the sourceAward the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.i.e. the irony of the American Dream.

e.g. The message of this source is to convey the idea that the American Dream which is meant for the American people is ironically not fulfilled within the country itself as globalisation has benefitted other countries more than America itself. It shows to me how American investments overseas had benefitted other countries instead as companies move to other countries and thus lead to job losses within the United States.

This can be seen in the source where the unemployed American is watching the news stating that “Investments by American creates economic growth. The American dream is alive in China, Thailand and Singapore.”

4-5

(b) Study Source B.

Why do you think the Prime Minister made this speech?Explain your answer. [6]

L1 Answers based on the provenance of the source

e.g. This source is from the National Day Rally by the Prime Minister.

1

L2 Answers based on the context – what was happening at that timeAward the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

e.g. It was because he was addressing Singaporean during the National Day rally and addressing the economic situation at that time.

e.g. It was because during the time of the rally there was a need to seek improvement in the economy.

e.g. It was during that period many people were not supportive of the changes brought about by globalisation.

2-3

L3 Answers based on the messageAward 4 marks for more developed answers.

e.g. He wanted to reassure Singaporeans that the government has put in place many measures to help businesses and individuals deal with the new technology and globalization. This explains why he says that the changes may create ‘doom and gloom’, but ‘when local jobs and businesses are disrupted, there are also new jobs created.’ According to PM, Singapore ‘can be a major player in the new logistics chain and there are also new opportunities in data analytics and digital marketing.’

4

L4 Answers based on the purpose / motive of the speechAward the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

e.g. He wanted to reassure Singaporeans (A) that the government has put in place many measures to help businesses and individuals deal with the new technology and globalization (P). According to him, Singaporeans must accept the fact that changes and disruption will continue to happen in a globalized economy and that we should be more innovative in using technologies to deal with the uncertainties of globalisation. This explains why he says that the changes may create ‘doom and gloom’, but ‘when local jobs and businesses are disrupted, there are also new jobs created.’ According to PM, Singapore ‘can be a major player in the new logistics chain and there are also new opportunities in data analytics and digital marketing.’ By saying this, he hopes that Singaporeans will be more encouraged to strive harder and also have greater confidence in the Government in managing the impact of globalisation / wants Singaporeans to accept the fact that changes and disruption will continue to happen in a globalized economy and that we should be more innovative in using technologies to deal with the uncertainties of globalization (O).

5-6

(c) Study Sources C and D.

How far does Source C support Source D about impact of globalisation? Ex-plain your answer. [7]

L1 Answers based on provenance of the source

e.g. Source C supports Source D because Source C is an article published in India while Source C is from a book published in New York.

1

L2 False Matching

e.g. Source D does not support as it shows the negative impact of globalisation while Source C does not. Hence Source D does not support Source C.

2

L3 Supports OR Does not support based on contentAward the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

e.g. Source C supports Source D as both sources show the positive impact of globalisation. Both sources imply that globalisation resulted in citizens developing economically and raising their quality of living. Source C states that “With new jobs for women, there are opportunities for higher pay, which raises self-confidence and brings about independence.” Also, Source D also states that “Supporters of globalisation argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living, while those who oppose globalisation claim that the creation of an international free market has benefited multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people.” Therefore, Source D does support Source C in showing the positive impact of globalisation on the lives of the people.

OR

e.g. Source C does not support Source D in showing that globalisation does have its disadvantage as Source D shows the negative impact of globalisation which Source C fails to mention. Source C only mentions the positive impact of globalisation, citing improvement in communication lines and providing more employment opportunities. On the other hand, Source D shows negative impact of globalisation and how people resisted it. As the source states that “Resistance to globalisation has therefore taken shape both at a popular and at a governmental level as people and governments try to manage the flow of capital, labour, goods, and ideas that constitute the current wave of globalisation.”

3-4

L4 Both aspects of L3 Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers. 5-6

L5 Does not support based on purposeAward the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

e.g. Source C does not support Source D as they are different in their purposes. Source C is praising and giving credits to globalisation (P). It says that thanks to globalisation, India has seen great improvement in terms of its economy and standard of living. The source wants the Indians (A) to support that globalisation (O) is indeed good and to think positive

6-7

about it and accept it if they want their country to succeed. Source D however is trying to be fair in its judgement about globalisation (P). It looks at both sides of the coin. It is trying to convince the world (A) that globalisation does have its advantages and disadvantages. It wants the world to be prepared to face the negative consequences and not only to celebrate its successes (O).(d)

Study Source E.Do you trust what Source E says about the economic impact of globalisation of developing countries? Explain your answer. [7

]

L1 Answers based on provenance / underdeveloped assertions about provenance / Describes source content.

e.g. Yes, I can trust the source as it is produced by the university student who was researching on impact of globalisation on less developed countries so it would not be a biased source.

1

L2 Trustworthy / Not Trustworthy, based on typicality

e.g. No, I cannot trust the source as this is just one source is based on one MNC and does not look at the other effects of globalisation

e.g. Source E cannot be trusted as it is a blogger’s impression which does not necessarily reflect all the small enterprises views in developing countries.

e.g. Yes, I can trust the source as it tells about the negative effects of globalisation.

2

L3 Trustworthy / Not Trustworthy, supported. Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

e.g. Source E can be trusted as it shows the harmful effects of globalisation on small business enterprises. Source E shows Walmart a giant MNC which dominates the country where small businesses are unable to resist the pressures of MNCs. This suggests that through globalisation, it is not necessary that small enterprises in developing countries benefit from it.

e.g. Source E cannot be trusted as it only shows the negative impact of globalistion and not positive impacts that may arise. It only shows how small businesses lose in the battle with MNCs like Walmart dominating the country’s economy. This suggests that globalisation has not been successful for this particular country but it may not be the same for other developing countries who might be experiencing the positive impacts of globalisation.

3-4

L4 Trustworthy / Not Trustworthy, explained through cross-reference Award the higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.

e.g. That Source E is trustworthy in claiming that globalisation has negative economic impact on developing countries is supported by Source D, which claims that it has only benefitted the MNCs, “Tthe creation of an international free markets has benefitted multinational corporations in the Western world at the expense of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people.” This implies that globalisation leads to negative economic consequences. Since Source CD support Source E, Source E is hence trustworthy.

5-6

e.g. Source C challenges Source E as Source C shows the positive impacts of globalisation in developing countries as it states that Source C states that “With new jobs for women, there are opportunities for higher pay, which raises self-confidence and brings about independence.” Since Source C contradicts Source E, Source E is not reliable to show that globalisation brings negative impacts to developing countries and hence it is not trustworthy.

.L5 Not Trustworthy based on the detection of bias

e.g. Source E cannot be trusted as it is a blog post by an American from a SME which hence lends itself easily to be subjective about the impact of globalisation. Thus the blogger represents the interests of small businesses which are hit hard by the powerful MNCs like Walmart that dominate many small businesses or even cause them to fail totally in their businesses. Thus, his motive could be to rally support for the small businesses and pressure the government to provide the necessary support they require to sustain their businesses and withstand the pressures of the MNCs competing with them. Thus, this makes the source biased and not credible. Since Source E is biased, it is cannot be trusted to show the economic impact of globalisation on developing countries.

7

(e) How far do the sources in the case study show that globalisation has brought harm to the society? Explain your answer. [10]

L1 Writes about statement, no valid source use

e.g. Globalisation has brought both benefits and disadvantages to the society.

1-2

L2 Yes OR No, supported by valid source use

YESe.g. Source A shows that Americans have not benefitted from globalisation. The source shows that the American Dream which is meant for the American people is ironically not fulfilled within the country itself as globalisation has benefitted other countries more than America itself. It shows to me how American investments overseas had benefitted other countries instead as companies move to other countries and thus lead to job losses within the United States. So it has brought harm by bringing in competition to the local economy.

e.g. Source E also shows harmful effects of globalisation on small business enterprises. Source E shows Walmart a giant MNC which dominates the country where small businesses are unable to resist the pressures of MNCs. This suggests that through globalisation, small and medium enterprises in developing countries lose out from it. Hence globalisation does not benefit the society.

OR

NOe.g. In Source B the Prime Minister highlights the benefits globalisation can bring about in a society. He urges Singaporeans to work with the government in supporting the efforts at globalisation due to the benefits it can bring to the country. According to PM, Singapore ‘can be a major player in the new logistics chain and there are also new opportunities in data analytics and digital marketing.’ Thus Singapore firms can

3-6

take advantages of these new opportunities to seek growth and development thereby leading to economic development.

e.g. Source C shows that globalisation resulted in citizens developing economically and raising their quality of living. Source C states that “With new jobs for women, there are opportunities for higher pay, which raises self-confidence and brings about independence.” Hence the source shows that globalisation has brought benefits.

e.g. Source D also states that globalisation has brought benefits to the society. The source states that, “supporters of globalisation argue that it allows poor countries and their citizens to develop economically and raise their standards of living…” Hence it highlights the positive impact of globalisation on th society.

L3 Yes AND No, supported by valid source use

e.g. Both elements of L2

7-10

(a) Extract 1 describes how insensitive jokes can be harmful even though they are seen as harmless. It also shows that these jokes can happen in schools.

In your opinion, how can schools in Singapore help to reduce the number of bullying incidents amongst the students. Explain your answer using one suggestion. [7]

Level Descriptors MarksL1 Describes the topic

e.g. Singapore is a diverse society. There are students from all kinds of socio-cultural background in the schools in Singapore and we have to be sensitive to one another. Disrespecting one another should not be acceptable.

e.g. Singapore is socio-culturally diverse in terms of race and ethnicity, religion, and nationality. In terms of race and ethnicity, there are Chinese, Malays, Indians and other minority groups in Singapore. They practice different traditions and cultural practices. They have their own languages and also their own special cuisines.

1-2

L2 Identifies/Describes suggestionAward 3 marks for identifying one suggestion.Award 4-5 marks for describing one suggestion.

e.g. The school can create an awareness campaign on the harmful effects of bullying.

e.g. The school can take stern action against those who bully. For example, the school can cane or suspend bullies.

e.g. The school can talk about the importance of respecting one another during the CCE lessons and assembly talks.

Accept other reasonable suggestions

3-5

L3 L2 + Explain suggestionAward the higher mark for clear explanation of the suggestion.

e.g. The school can create an awareness campaign on bullying This talks can be conducted during the assembly or CCE period. An external agency can also be invited to host the talk. This campaign will then raise the awareness of the students about

6-7

bullying and its effects on the victims. It will also educate the students and appeal to their emotions, especially if the victim is someone close to them. The campaign can also highlight what to do if students witness a bullying incident. All these will have the effect of not just making the students more aware but to be more proactive in reducing the bullying instances in the school.

e.g. The school can take stern actions against bullies. Actions can include suspension, public apology or even caning. For example female students should be suspended from school while male students should be caned. If repeated the consequences should be escalated. Parents of bullies must also be engaged from the beginning and the bullies should be made apologise publicly to the school. All these would serve as a deterrent and hence make students think twice before engaging gin any act or acts deemed as bullying.

Accept other reasonable suggestions

(b) Extracts 2 and 3 highlight the assimilation and integration approaches to manage socio-cultural diversity in France and Singapore respectively.

Explain how assimilation approach and integration approach are used to maintain harmony between the locals and immigrants. [8]

L1 Writes about the topic i.e. assimilation approach in France OR integration approach in Singapore but without addressing 1-2

L2 Describes how the 2 approaches are usedAward 3-4 marks for describing the part played by one approach’Award 4-5 marks for describing the part played by both approaches.

e.g. Assimilation approach in France is used to maintain harmony between the locals and immigrants. In this case, immigrants in France are supposed to adopt the French culture. For example, for employment, immigrants need to pick up the French language for the purpose of communicating with their French colleagues by speaking the language that the locals speak

e.g. Integration approach in Singapore is used to maintain harmony between the locals and immigrants. In this case, the immigrants in Singapore are supposed to forge common ground with the locals. For example, the immigrants will be able to purchase Housing Development Block (HDB) under the new Singapore Permanent Resident (SPR) quota, which was introduced in March 2010 for non-Malaysian SPR households. The quota is set at 5% for neighbourhoods and 8% for blocks on top of the prevailing Ethnic Integration Policy (EIP).

3-5

L3 Explains how the 2 approaches are usedAward 3-4 marks for explaining the part played by one approach.Award 4-5 marks for explaining the part played by both approaches.

e.g. Assimilation approach in France is used to maintain harmony between the locals and immigrants. In this case, immigrants in France are supposed to adopt the French culture. For example, for employment, immigrants need to pick up the French language for the purpose of communicating with their French colleagues by speaking the language that the locals speak – French. By ensuring that the immigrants are able to speak their native language – French, it will help to minimise any misunderstanding

6-8

between the locals and the immigrants as they will be able to have effective communications and will not be hindered by communication breakdown. This will thus boost positive interaction between the locals and the immigrants which will therefore/ in turn maintain harmony

e.g. Integration approach in Singapore is used to maintain harmony between the locals and immigrants. In this case, the immigrants in Singapore are supposed to forge common ground with the locals. For example, the immigrants will be able to purchase Housing Development Block (HDB) under the new Singapore Permanent Resident (SPR) quota, which was introduced in March 2010 for non-Malaysian SPR households. The quota is set at 5% for neighbourhoods and 8% for blocks on top of the prevailing Ethnic Integration Policy (EIP). By allowing immigrants who have gained the status of permanent residents (PRs). This will increase opportunities for the immigrants and the locals to interact in their daily lives when they meet each other at the corridor or the common spaces in the neighbourhood estates. The increase of interaction between them will allow them to gain better understanding of each other and respecting their differences. In this way, it will help to maintain harmony between the locals and the immigrants.

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