Name: ALPS Target:

TARGETS

Aspirational

Target Grade:

________

GCSE Grade (if applicable): AS ALPS target: Personal target:

Based on your overall GCSE performance: what is your most important skills and study targets for studying this essay based topic next year.

SKILL TARGET: STUDY TARGET:

Russia Skills Strongly Agree Agree Neither Agree nor disagree

Disagree Strongly disagree

AO1a: I can use a wide range of accurate and relevant evidence.

AO1a: I can accurately and confidently use appropriate historical terminology.

AO1a: I can create clearly structured and coherent answers to questions.

AO1a: I can communicate accurately and legibly.

AO1b: I understand how to analyse key concepts within their historical context.

AO2a: I can compare sources considering content and provenance.

AO2a: I can evaluate sources using a range of provenance points.

AO2a: I can analyse, evaluate the strengths and limitations of sources in relation to an interpretation.

AO2a: I can integrate sources with contextual knowledge in analysis and evaluation.

Study skills: I can take responsibility for my own learning, seek information and clarification independently and know when to ask for help.

Study skills: I can keep up to date with deadlines and stay organised.

Dominion

Round Table Conference

Civil Disobedience

Rearmament

Appeasement

Plebiscite

Axis Powers

Allied Powers

Rhineland

Anschluss

Treaty of Versailles

Maginot Line

Fascist

Grand Alliance

Sudetenland

Munich Crisis

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Spanish Civil War

Mussolini

Stalin

Militarisation

Constitution

Self-determination

Atlantic Charter

During the course of this theme, you will be using a learning technique called Building Learning Power which is all about helping you learn better. It works by developing your ability to learn through exercising four different learning muscles. This booklet is designed to help you identify your four learning muscles and work with them. The four different learning muscles seen in the brain opposite will have an image to help you identify them throughout the booklet.

Resilience: Engaging with the learning, absorption in the task; managing distractions, persevering; being prepared to get it wrong and learn from mistakes and sticking at it; even when it is hard. Resourcefulness: Questioning; making links; imagining; reasoning; capitalising on

the resources you have available and using them well.

Reflectiveness: Planning your learning; revising, monitoring and adapting; distilling (drawing out lessons from experience) and meta-learning (understanding learning and how you learn). Reciprocity: Being ready, willing and able to learn alone and with others; balancing

self reliance and sociability; collaborating; recognising and improving skills such as empathy and listening; imitation (picking up others’ skills, habits and values).

Aspect of the Topic Confidence Level? Target

What were Churchill’s views about Imperial and Foreign Policy from 1930-1939 and how justified were they?

Views about the Empire and India and clashes with own party and the National Government.

Attitude to Germany after 1933.

Views about rearmament and appeasement.

Source Exercise Theme Qu A /30

Qu B /70

Grade Key Target

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain what the views of Churchill were towards India and the Empire and how they caused him to fall

out with his party .

Success Criteria

1. (Ao1a) To have been able to describe the problems in India .

2. (Ao1b) To have been able to explain the various reactions to the problems in India, and to assess why they

cause a rift between Churchill and his party .

3. (Ao2a) To have been able to assess documents, using question A skills, to illustrate different issues within

India .

4. (Ao2a) CHALLENGE: To begin writing/ write a comparison of the question A .

Task 1: The Issues in India

Tick the box to indicate whether the statement below, about the history of Britain and India is true or false, and

correct it if it is false.

Statement True False Correction

Britain had had interests in India since 1619, although British rule began in the 18th century, under the West India company.

After violent disturbances in 1857, the government took over and in 1876, Queen Victoria had been declared the Empress of India.

It [the Empire] reached the height of its power in India in 1909 and it was then that it began having a measure of self government. This was decreased in 1919.

Since these constitutional reform acts in, there was an active political movement for greater independence led by the Indian Congress Party and its leader (Ghandi).

It was proposed (under Baldwin, by the Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin; later Lord Halifax) that there be a Round Table Conference to discuss giving India the status of Dominion within the Empire. Ghandi attended the second of these conferences in 1931.

India was a country of 350 people and was seen as ‘the gold in the Crown’ of the British Empire.

British rule was challenged by an independence movement who protested peacefully but practised effective disturbance by civil disobedience.

Ghandi was seen as a saint by some but Churchill detested him and the whole idea of making any concessions to India or having the Round Table Conference at all.

From September 1930, Churchill became the figurehead of a very determined opposition to change in Canada and in December 1930, spoke at a meeting of the East Indian Empire Society (a group set up to oppose reform).

This was quite unwise of Churchill as it was by no means representative of British public opinion.

Task 2: The Rift Between Stanley Baldwin and Churchill

a) Using page 52-54 of your textbook, explain why there was such a growing rift between Stanley Baldwin (PM,

pictured on the left) and Churchill.

b) What evidence is there that Churchill was unpopular amongst the Conservative party?

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c) What was the Government of India Act of 1935?

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d) Why do you think it was passed?

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e) What does this cartoon suggest about Churchill’s attitude to Indian in comparison with that of the government?

(Samuel Hoare was Secretary of State for India at the time).

Source Practice: How useful is this source as evidence for Churchill’s rift with the government over India?

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Task 3: The Government of India act and its’ repercussions

a) Use page 55 to complete the following of the government of India act

Terms about India’s constitution Terms about Britain’s control of India Overall: would Churchill be happy?

b) India after the Government of India act. Note, Churchill is Prime Minister in 1940. Look at the events in the table below and make notes explaining what happened in India after 1939. Where appropriate, make notes on Churchill’s actions, based on your knowledge of his views. Use page 55-56 to help you.

Events in India/ may relate to India

What happened? What was Churchill’s reaction and why?

How was this perceived by the public?

Viceroy declared war on India’s behalf, 1939.

Congress Party demands for a constitution for India after the war.

The Atlantic Charter, 1941.

The Cripps Mission

The Bengal Famine

Source A: Wavell’s Diary, October 1943. Lord Wavell

had been appointed Viceroy of India and recorded

his meeting with Churchill and the government.

October 7

Cabinet at 6 pm... spinelessness, lack of interest,

opportunism. PM waved the bogey of Gandhi at

everyone. PM worked himself up to a tirade against

Congress and all its work and digressed into the Indian

army becoming politically minded and anti- British.

The more I see of politicians, the less I respect them; is

this a contemptible Cabinet?

October 8

Winston saw me alone. He produced a directive which

was utterly meaningless, e.g. it exhorted me to get on

with the war, to improve the lot of the Indians, to

make peace between Hindu and Muslim. Amery [Leo

Amery the Colonial Secretary] on reading it said ;you

are wafted to India on a wave of hot air’. PM was

menacing and unpleasant when I saw him and

indicated that only over his dead body would any

approach to Ghandi take place. He fears a split in the

Conservative party and trouble in parliament over any

political advance in India.

Task 4: Document Exercise on Churchill and India

Compare sources A and B as evidence for Churchill’s attitude to India.

Source B: Amery’s diary, 10th November 1943, Churchill

Archive

Cabinet, at which I brought up again my earnest demand

for more shipping [to take food to India]. I did not press for

India’s demand for 50,000 tons a month for twelve

months, but concentrated on asking for 150,000 tons over

December [in the light of the demands for shipping for

Italy] January and February. Winston, after a preliminary

flourish on Indians breeding like rabbits and being paid a

million a day for doing nothing, asked Leathers [the

minister in charge of shipping] for his view. He said he

could manage 50,000 tons in January and February [1944].

Winston agreed with this and I had to content. I raised a

point that Canada had telegraphed to say a ship was

ready to load on the 12th and they proposed to fill it with

wheat [India], Leathers and Winston were vehement

against this.

Key Historical Terminology:

Eccentric:_____________________

Free Trade: ____________________

Protection: ____________________

Ten Year Rule: _________________

Practice your key historical terminology:

underline where all these key terms are

used appropriately in your work.

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain what the attitudes of Churchill were to rearmament and appeasement

Success Criteria

1. To be able to summarise the position of Churchill in 1937: highs, lows, reasons why he might be listened to,

reasons why he might not be. B+: to be able to assess the impact that this had on how people listened to

his advice.

2. To be able to summarise the position of international relations in 1937, with Churchill’s view on them where

appropriate.

3. To be able to describe Churchill’s attitudes to Hitler, British rearmament and appeasement.

4. C+: To be able to accurately and appropriately use all key Historical terminology.

*Note: today’s lesson focuses mainly on assessment objectives 1a + b- your knowledge, communication and use of key concepts.

Success criteria 4 runs throughout the entire piece of work.

Success Criteria 1: Churchill’s position in 1937

Use pages 62-63 of your textbook to create a mind map of Churchill’s position in government in 1937. Add to the diagram the reasons that Churchill was not listened to in 1937. B+ what impact would this have on people listening to his advice on foreign affairs?

PROGRESS CHECK: Churchill’s attitudes towards rearmament and appeasement were...

240 second challenge: A Cartoon representing how Churchill was viewed in 1937.

Draw a cartoon, in FOUR minutes in the box provided. There can be only FOUR words in the cartoon itself and you

can have a ONE sentence caption(stick figures are absolutely fine, this is all about how you think Churchill would

have been represented in 1937, not about fine art).

Success Criteria 2: International Relations in 1937

Use page 63 and 64 to complete the following table that will provide you with an understanding of International

Relations in 1937. Don’t worry if some of the issues confuse you or worry you, there will be an International

Relations Masterclass soon. Look at the following page for key terms.

*NOTE: make sure that you select relevant information from the text.

Position of Germany post WWI (e.g. what were they upset about?) What are they getting up to in the 1930s? (page 64)

Position of Britain post WWI (how did they feel about how Germany had been treated? How does this affect how they act in response to Germany’s 1930s actions?)

Position of the United States Churchill’s views on these events (if any are available)

Position of the USSR

Japan (look at events on page 64)

Italy (look at events on page 64)

Churchill's views that agree with government policy

Churchill's views that disagree with government policy

240 second challenge: A Cartoon representing International Relations leading up to 1939.

Draw a cartoon, in FOUR minutes in the box provided. There can be only FOUR words in the cartoon itself and you

can have a ONE sentence caption.

Success Criteria 3: Churchill’s Attitudes to Hitler, Rearmament and Appeasement

Use pages 65-67 to assess how far Churchill agreed with government on Air Defences, Calls for an Alliance and

Standing up to Hitler. Place your notes in the appropriate place on the two arrows (e.g. if he strongly disagreed they

go to the bottom of the downward pointing arrow).

Key Historical Terminology: Become a contender for star Historian- underline where all these key terms are used

appropriately in your work.

Treaty of Versailles: _______________________________________________________________________

The League of Nations: ____________________________________________________________________

Isolationist: ______________________________________________________________________________

Armaments: _____________________________________________________________________________

Key Historical Terminology:

Appeasement:__________________

Rearmament:___________________

Alliance: ____________________

Non aggression treaty: ___________

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Homework

Research and make some notes on the following timeline (the ones with * are particularly important). Highlight

those events that show that Churchill was right to disagree with government policy.

1931: Manchurian Crisis. Japan occupies Chinese province of Manchuria.

1933

Jan 1933: Hitler comes into office.

October 1933: Germany leaves the League of Nations.

Throughout: Further incursions by Japan into China.

1934

January: *Ten Year Pact between Germany and Poland.

1935

January: The Saar region votes, after 15 years under League of Nations control, to return to Germany.

March: Germany reintroduces conscription. Openly begins rearmament.

June: Baldwin becomes PM. Defence White Paper. *Anglo-German Naval Treaty- Britain agrees to the German battleship fleet being rebuilt to 33% of that of Britain.

October: Italy invades Ethiopia (Abyssinia). Hoare-Laval pact which would have given Italy two thirds of Ethiopia.

1936

March: *Germany remilitarised the Rhineland.

July: Spanish Civil War begins.

October: *Rome-Berlin Axis signed. 1937

May: *Neville Chamberlain becomes PM.

July: Japan launches major invasion of China. 1938

March: *Anschluss- annexation of Austria by Germany.

September: *Czech crisis. *Munich conference gives Germany the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.

1939

March: Hitler occupies Moravia and Bohemia. Slovakia allowed to be independent. Poland takes Teschen from Czechoslovakia which ceases to exist as an independent country.

Britain guarantees Polish independence, but not its territory.

April: Spanish Civil War ends. Italy invades Albania. *Britain re-introduces conscription.

23 August: Nazi-Soviet Pact

1 September: *Germany invades Poland.

3 September: Britain declares war on Germany.

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain whether Churchill’s attitudes towards rearmament and appeasement were justified.

Success Criteria

1. To be able to describe the threat that Germany appeared to be before 1939.

2. To be able to assess whether that threat meant that Churchill was right that a tough stance was necessary to

Germany.

3. To be able to explain whether Britain was in a position to do what Churchill recommended.

4. To be able to use documents to argue whether Churchill was right to be critical of government defence

preparations.

5. B+: To be able to accurately and appropriately use all key Historical terminology.

*Note: today’s lesson focuses mainly on assessment objectives 1a + b- your knowledge, communication and use of key concepts.

Success criteria 4 runs throughout the entire piece of work.

Task 1: Was appeasement justified? Should Britain have declared war on Germany in 1938? Using the available sources and page 70-73 of your textbook, produce a balanced response to these questions: Was appeasement justified? Should Britain have declared war on Germany in 1938? You must include:

The argument for.

The argument against.

Conclusion: was appeasement justified? Write your own conclusion below.

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PROGRESS CHECK: Churchill’s attitudes towards rearmament and appeasement were/ were not justified

because...

Produce this response according to your own

choice: you could produce a mind map, a

summary table, some kind of poster...

Task 2: Churchill’s Position between 1933-1938?

Churchill wanted three things between 1933-1938. He wanted;

A strong British rearmament, particularly in the air force to meet any threat.

A strong understanding with France whose army Britain would have to rely on in the event of any clash with

Germany (A Grand Alliance).

Support for the League of Nations as it was the only way that public opinion would accept any action against

Germany and the only means of gaining international support.

Was Churchill justified in his opinion that these three actions were the right ones to take? (Just your own opinion for

now)

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Read through pages 75-84 and collect your evidence into two columns. Do so on lined paper.

1) Churchill’s views were justified.

2) Churchill’s views were not justified.

Note: you should also highlight where Churchill’s views are the same as those of government policy.

Has your view changed from before? Explain why. Or why not?

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Learning Objectives

To be able to explain whether Churchill’s attitudes to the threat of Germany were justified.

Success Criteria

1. To be able to explain why Churchill/ Baldwin/ Chamberlain did take the view of the situation that they did.

2. To be able to assess whether Churchill’s proposals were feasible.

3. To be able to explain whether specific events (particularly the Anschluss) showed that Germany was a threat.

4. To be able to use documents to explain how far Chamberlain and Churchill disagreed.

5. B+: To be able to demonstrate thorough understanding of key concepts such as consequence, significance,

change and continuity, causation throughout your analysis of events.

*Note: today’s lesson focuses mainly on assessment objectives 1a + b- your knowledge, communication and use of key concepts.

Success criteria 4 runs throughout the entire piece of work.

Success Criteria 1: Why did Churchill take the view of the situation that he did? The Cupcakes of War Thought

Each politician has a cupcake. Use these cupcakes as the middle of your mindmap on each politician’s approach to

the possibility of war. Use the statements in the PowerPoint to help you structure your notes.

PROGRESS CHECK: Churchill’s attitudes to the threat of Germany were/ were not justified because...

Success Criteria 2: Churchill’s Proposed Alternatives to Appeasement

Complete the following using page 70-74 and your own knowledge. (You only need to do this in detail if you aren’t

sure about this topic. Otherwise, do it briefly, you have already looked at it in the previous section although in a

slightly different context).

Proposal Was it feasible? What action was actually taken before 1939?

Massive air rearmament

Reliance on the French Army

Alliance with Russia

Cooperation with America

Churchill’s reactions towards events in Italy Success Criteria 3: Specific Events and Germany. Did they show that Germany was a threat?

a) Events in Germany before 1938

Add to this map of Germany any events that took place between 1933-38 that affected Germany and put what

Churchill’s reactions were to them. But a smiley where he agrees or is supportive of government policy and where

he is not.

Churchill’s reactions towards events in Spain

Success Criteria 3: The Anschluss

Read the pages 75-76 and answer the questions on the Anschluss.

a. What was the Anschluss?

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b. What signs were there before 1938 that the Anschluss might happen?

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c. Summarise how the Anschluss took place.

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d. Using the documents and the information on page 76 and complete the following boxes. Highlight

any similarities of opinion:

Churchill’s reaction

Chamberlain’s reaction

Any explanation for Churchill’s reaction Any explanation for Chamberlain’s reaction?

e. How far do the sources support the view that Churchill’s views were unrealistic? Complete the following table in order to showcase your question B skills.

Remember, careful grouping and analysis of the sources according to their strengths and limitations.

SUPPORT: Churchill’s views were unrealistic. CONTRADICT: Churchill’s views were realistic.

Source Strengths Limitations

Source Strengths Limitations

Overall: strong or weak support?

Overall: strong or weak support?

Source

Strengths Limitations Source Strengths Limitations

Overall: strong or weak support?

Overall: strong or weak support?

Source

Strengths Limitations Source Strengths Limitations

Overall: strong or weak support?

Overall: strong or weak support?

Source Strengths Limitations Source Strengths Limitations

Overall: strong or weak support?

Overall: strong or weak support?

GROUP CONCLUSION: Strong or weak? GROUP CONCLUSION: Strong or weak?

OVERALL CONCLUSION

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain Churchill’s reactions to Chamberlain’s actions with Hitler and assess how

justified they were .

Success Criteria(1-3 all Ao1a and b) 1: To have revised key names, places, dates and people, checking knowledge required of context . 2: To have understood the difficulties that Czechoslovakia had with remaining neutral in the event of a European war . 3: To have been able to describe the events leading up to the Munich conference and it’s aftermath and to have explained Churchill’s reactions . 4: (Ao2a) To have read and understood the documents, and been able to apply your own knowledge to analyse them .

Task 1: Key Names, Places, Dates and People Quick Quiz

Answer the quick quiz questions below.

Name three key foreign events that took place during the Premiership of Stanley Baldwin with an explanation of why they were important.

Name three key foreign events that took place during the Premiership of Neville Chamberlain with an explanation of why they were important.

Who was Anthony Eden?

Explain: a) what appeasement was and b) why appeasement was British policy towards Germany (at least three reasons).

Who was Lord Halifax?

What was the League of Nations?

How successful was the League of Nations in the 1930s?

Task 2: Czechoslovakia and

the Munich Crisis

Ethnicities of Czechoslovakia in 1921 Czechoslovaks: 64.37% Germans: 22.95% Hungarians: 5.47% Ruthenians: 3.39% (a type of Eastern European not included by the other categories). Jews: 1.33% Poles: 0.56% Others: 0.17% Foreigners: 1.75%

a) Look at the information above. What issues might Czechoslovakia have with remaining neutral in a European war?

b) Read pages 78-79 and create a simple timeline of the events concerning Czechoslovakia and leading up to the

Munich conference.. Include (where possible) reasons for Chamberlain’s actions and Churchill’s reactions to events.

c) Read the sources on page 81 and summarise the points of view contained in the soures.

d) To what extent does the information on your timeline support whether Churchill was correct?

e) Do you think Churchill’s view in Source A is more correct that Ramsden’s view in source B?