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LakeSuperior

LakeH uron

Lak e

Michigan Lake

Erie

Hudson Ba y

Bahia d eHudson

Baie d´H udson

G u l f o f M e xic o

G o l f o d e Mé xi co

G o l f e d u M e x i qu e

LakeOntario

Gulfof St. Lawrence

Beau fortSea Mard eBe aufort

M erdeBeaufort

A RCTIC OCEAN

OCÉANO ÁRTICO

OCÉAN A RCTIQU E

GreatBearLake

Bering Sea

M ardeBering Mer deBering

C a l i f o

r n i a

G o l f o

d e

GreatSlave Lake

Lake

Winnipeg

Smallwood

Reservoir

LakeAthabasca

Reindeer Lake

Great SaltLake

Nettilling Lake

LakeManitoba

LakeWinnipegosis

Dubawnt Lake

RéservoirdeCaniapiscau

AmadjuakLake

PAC IFIC OC EAN

OCÉ ANO PAC ÍFICO

OC É AN PAC IFIQUE

AT L ANTIC OCEAN

OCÉ A NO AT L ÁNTICO

OCÉ AN ATL A NTIQU E

Golfedu St. Laurent

6.1

8.5

10.2

13.1

15.3

3.1

2.1

14.4

14.1

2.1

1.1

8.5

2.1

2.1

2.1

1.1

6.2.

14.4

8.2

13.1

2.1

13.6

5.3

1.1

6.2

13.5

6.1

2.1

1.1

14.2

15.113.4

7.1

13.5

14.5

9 . 4

14.6

13.5

8.1

13.2

5.4

9.3

3.4

5.1

10.2

9.2

5.2

2.4 2.1

9.4

10.1

3.4

6.1

3.3

9.2

5.1

5.2

2.3

5.3

2.4

8.3

9.6

8.5

10.2

7.1

2.2

10.18.3

8.5

6.2

13.2

7.1

5.1

12.1

6.2

8.4

11.1

2.1

8.1

9.5

2.1

3.2

13.1

10.1

2.1

8.4

1.1

2.2

12.1

2.2

14.4

7.1

12.2

7.1

8.1

2.2

3.1

13.4

4.1

6.2

10.1

13.5

14.3

15.2

13.3

15.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

6.2

2.1

6.2

5.3

3.1

1.1

1.1

8.2

8.3

5.2

2.1

8.1

5.3

1.1

1.1

5.3

15.4

7.1

2.1

14.5

10.2

6.1

14.1

2.2

13.6

8.5

7.1

2.2

2.1

2.4

6.2

13.18.3

7.1

15.5

2.4

15.6

150°0'0"W160°0'0"W170°0'0"W180°0'0"170°0'0"E160°0'0"E

140°0'0"W

140°0'0"W

130°0'0"W 120°0'0"W

120°0'0"W

110°0'0"W

100°0'0"W

100°0'0"W 90°0'0"W

80°0'0"W

80°0'0"W

60°0' 0"W 50°0 '0 "W 4 0°0'0"W 30°0'0"W 20°0'0"W 10°0'0"W

0°0'0"

10°0'0"N

10°0'0"N

20°0'0"N

20°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

30°0'0"N

40°0'0"N

40°0'0"N

50°0'0"N

60°0'0"N

ATL AN TIC OCEAN

OCÉANOAT LÁN TICO

OCÉ AN ATLANTIQU E

PACIFIC OC EAN

OCÉA NO PACÍFICO

OCÉAN PACIF IQUE

A RCT IC OCEAN

OCÉANOÁ RT ICO

OC ÉA N ARCTIQUE

Gul f of M ex ico

Golf o de México

Gol fe du Me x ique

Hudson Bay

Bahia deHudson

Baie d´Hudson

10.0

3.0 2.0

4.0

6.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

8.011.0

3.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

2.0

2.07.0

2.0

13.0

12.0

15.0

14.0

13.0

13.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

14.0

15.0

14.0

13.0

5.0

5.0

10.0

ECOLOGICALREGIONSOFNORTHAMERICA REGIONESECOLÓGICASDEAMÉRICADELNORTE RÉGIONSÉCOLOGIQUESDE L'AMÉRIQUEDUNORDLevel I Nivel I Niveau I

RegionboundaryLevelILímite de regionesNivelILimite de régionsNiveau I

InternationalboundaryLimite internacionalLimite internationale

1.0 ARCTIC CORDILLERACORDILLERAÁRTICACORDILLÈRE ARCTIQUE

2.0 TUNDRATUNDRATOUNDRA

3.0 TAIGATAIGATAÏGA

4.0 HUDSON PLAINPLANICIE DE HUDSONPLAINE D' HUDSON

5.0 NORTHERN FORESTSBOSQUES SEPTENTRIONALESFORÊTS SEPTENTRIONALES

6.0 NORTHWESTERN FORESTED MOUNTAINSMONTAÑAS BOSCOSAS NOROCCIDENTALESMONTAGNES FORESTÈES DUNORD-QUEST

7.0 MARINE WESTCOASTFORESTBOSQUE COSTEROOCCIDENTALFORÊTMARITIME DE LA CÔTE OCCIDENTALE

8.0 EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTSBOSQUES TEMPLADOS DELESTEFORÊTS TEMPÉRÉES DE L'EST

9.0 GREATPLAINSGRANDES PLANICIESGRANDES PLAINES

10.0 NORTH AMERICAN DESERTSDESIERTOS DE NORTEAMÉRICADESÉRTS DE L'AMÉRIQUE DUNORD

11.0 MEDITERRANEAN CALIFORNIACALIFORNIAMEDITERRÁNEACALIFORNIE MÉDITERRANÉENNE

12.0 SOUTHERN SEMI-ARID HIGHLANDSELEVACIONES SEMIÁRIDAS MERIDIONALESHAUTES TERRES SEMI-ARIDES MÉRIDIONALES

13.0 TEMPERATE SIERRASSIERRAS TEMPLADASSIERRAS TÉMPERÉES

14.0 TROPICALDRYFORESTSSELVAS CÁLIDO-SECASFORÊTS TROPICALES SÈCHES

15.0 TROPICALWETFORESTSSELVAS CÁLIDO-HÚMEDASFORÊTS TROPICALES HUMIDES

0 200 400 600 800 Mi

0 400 800 1200 KmProjectionAzimutalde Equi-aire de Lambert

ProyecciónAzimultalde Equi-áreade LambertLambert AzimuthalEqualArea Projection

Échelle EscalaScale

COMMISSION FORENVIRONMENTALCOOPERATION

COMISION PARALACOOPERACION AMBIENTAL

COMMISSION DE COOPÉRATIONENVIRONNEMENTALE

ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF NORTH AMERICA

REGIONES ECOLÓGICAS DE AMÉRICA DEL NORTE

RÉGIONS ÉCOLOGIQUES DE L'AMÉRIQUE DU NORD

Level I-II Nivel I-II Niveau I-II

0 200 400 600 800 Mi

0 400 800 1200 Km

Lambert AzimuthalEqualArea ProjectionProyecciónAzimultalde Equi-áreade LambertProjectionAzimutalde Equi-aire de Lambert

Scale Escala Échelle1:10,000,000

RegionboundaryLevelILímitederegionesNivelILimitederégionsNiveauI

RegionboundaryLevelIILímitederegionesNivelIILimitederégionsNiveauII

International boundaryLimitei nternacionalLimitei nternationale



2.0 TUNDRATUNDRATOUNDRA

2.1 NORTHERN ARCTICÁRTICOSEPTENTRIONALARCTIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE

2.2 ALASKATUNDRATUNDRADE ALASKATOUNDRAD'ALASKA

2.3 BROOKS RANGE TUNDRATUNDRADE LASIERRADE BROOKSTOUNDRADE LASIERRADE BROOKS

2.4 SOUTHERN ARCTICÁRTICOMERIDIONALARCTIQUE MÉRIDIONALE

3.0 TAIGATAIGATAÏGA

3.1 ALASKABOREALINTERIORALASKABOREALINTERIORALASKABORÉALINTÉRIEUR

3.2 TAIGACORDILLERATAIGAEN CORDILLERATAÏGAEN CORDILLÈRE

3.3 TAIGAPLAINTAIGAEN PLANICIETAÏGAEN PLAINE

3.4 TAIGASHIELDTAIGAEN ESCUDOTAÏGAEN BOUCLIER

4.0 HUDSON PLAINPLANICIE DE HUDSONPLAINE D'HUDSON

4.1 HUDSON PLAINPLANICIE DE HUDSONPLAINE D'HUDSON

5.0 NORTHERN FORESTSBOSQUES SEPTENTRIONALESFORÊTS SEPTENTRIONALES

5.1 SOFTWOOD SHIELDBOSQUE DE CONÍFERAS EN ESCUDOFORÊTÀ CONIFÈRES DUBOUCLIER

5.2 MIXED WOOD SHIELDBOSQUE MIXTOEN ESCUDOFORÊTMIXTE DUBOUCLIER

5.3 ATLANTIC HIGHLANDSELEVACIONES ATLÁNTICASHAUTES TERRES DE L'ATLANTIQUE

5.4 BOREALPLAINPLANICIE BOREALPLAINE BORÉALE

6.0 NORTHWESTERN FORESTED MOUNTAINSMONTAÑAS BOSCOSAS NOROCCIDENTALESMONTAGNES FORESTÈES DU NORD-QUEST

6.1 BOREALCORDILLERACORDILLERABOREALCORDILLÈRE BORÉAL

6.2 WESTERN CORDILLERACORDILLERAOCCIDENTALCORDILLÈRE OCCIDENTALE

7.0 MARINE WESTCOASTFORESTBOSQUE COSTEROOCCIDENTALFORÊTMARITIME DE LACÔTE OCCIDENTALE

7.1 MARINE WESTCOASTFORESTBOSQUE COSTEROOCCIDENTAL

FORÊTMARITIME DE LACÔTE OCCIDENTALE

8.0 EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTSBOSQUES TEMPLADOS DELESTEFORÊTS TEMPÉRÉES DE L'EST

8.1 MIXED WOOD PLAINSPLAINICIES CON BOSQUE MIXTOPLAINES DES FORÊTS MIXTES

8.2 CENTRALUSAPLAINSPLANICIES CENTRALES DE EUAPLAINES CENTRALES DES É.-U.

8.3 SOUTHEASTERN USAPLAINSPLANICIES SURORIENTALES DE EUAPLAINES DUSUD-ESTDES É.-U.

8.4 OZARK, OUACHITA-APPALACHIAN FORESTSBOSQUES DE OZARK,OUACHITAYLOS APALACHESFORÊTS D'OZARK,OUACHITAET DES'APPALACHES

8.5 MISSISSIPPIALLUVIALAND SOUTHEASTUSACOASTALPLAINSPLANICIESALUVIALESDELMISSISSIPPIYCOSTERADELSEDE EUAPLAINES ALLUVIALES DUMISSISSIPPIETDELACÔTE SEDES É.-U.

9.0 GREATPLAINSGRANDES PLANICIESGRANDES PLAINES

9.2 TEMPERATE PRAIRIESPRADERAS TEMPLADASPRAIRIES TEMPÉRÉES

9.3 WEST-CENTRALSEMI-ARID PRAIRIESPRADERAS SEMIÁRIDAS CENTRO-OCCIDENTALESPRAIRIES SEMI-ARIDES CENTRE-OCCIDENTALES

9.4 SOUTH CENTRALSEMI-ARID PRAIRIESPRADERAS SEMIÁRIDAS CENTRO-MERIDIONALESPRAIRIES SEMI-ARIDES CENTRE-MÉRIDIONALES

9.5 TEXAS-LOUISIANACOASTALPLAINPLANICIE COSTERADE TEXAS YLOUISIANAPLAINE DE LACÔTE DUTEXAS-LOUISIANE

9.6 TAMAULIPAS-TEXAS SEMIARID PLAINPLANICIE SEMIÁRIDADE TAMAULIPAS YTEXASPLAINE SEMI-ARIDE DE TAMAULIPAS-TEXAS

13.0 TEMPERATE SIERRASSIERRAS TEMPLADASSIERRAS TÉMPERÉES

13.1 UPPER GILAMOUNTAINSSIERRAS DE LACUENCADELRÍO GILASIERRAS DUBASSIN DUGILA

13.2 WESTERN SIERRAMADRESIERRAMADRE OCCIDENTALSIERRAMADRE OCCIDENTALE

13.3 EASTERN SIERRAMADRESIERRAMADRE ORIENTALSIERRAMADRE ORIENTALE

13.4 TRANSVERSALNEO-VOLCANIC SYSTEMSISTEMANEO-VOLCÁNICOTRANSVERSALSYSTÈME NÉO-VOLCANIQUE TRANSVERSAL

13.5 SOUTHERN SIERRAMADRESIERRAMADRE DELSURSIERRAMADRE DUSUD

13.6 CENTRALAMERICAN SIERRAMADRE AND CHIAPAS HIGHLANDS

SIERRAMADRE CENTROAMERICANAYALTOS DE CHIAPASSIERRAMADRE D'AMÉRIQUE CENTRALE ETHAUTES MONTAGNES DUCHIAPAS

14.0 TROPICALDRYFORESTSSELVAS CÁLIDO-SECASFORÊTS TROPICALES SÈCHES

14.1 DRYGULFOF MEXICOCOASTALPLAINS AND HILLS

PLANICIES COSTERAS YLOMERÍOS SECOS DELGOLFODE MÉXICOPLAINES CÔTIÈRES ETCOLLINES SÈCHES DUGOLFE DUMEXIQUE

14.2 NORTHWESTERN PLAIN OFTHE YUCATAN PENINSULAPLANICIE NOROCCIDENTALDE LAPENÍNSULADE YUCATÁNPLAINE NORD-OUESTDE LAPÉNINSULE DU YUCATAN

14.3 WESTERN PACIFIC COASTALPLAIN,HILLS AND CANYONSPLANICIE COSTERA,LOMERÍOS YCAÑONES DELOCCIDENTEPLAINE CÔTIÈRE,COLLINES,ETCANONS OCCIDENTAUX

14.4 INTERIOR DEPRESSIONSDEPRESIONES INTERMONTANASDÉPRESSIONS INTERMONTAGNES

14.5 SOUTHERN PACIFIC COASTALPLAIN AND HILLSPLANICIE COSTERAYLOMERÍOS DELPACÍFICOSURPLAINE CÔTIÈRE ETCOLLINES DUPACIFIQUE SUD

14.6 SIERRAAND PLAINS OFELCABOSIERRAYPLANICIES DELCABOSIERRAETPLAINES D'ELCABO

15.0 TROPICALWETFORESTSSELVAS CÁLIDO-HÚMEDASFORÊTS TROPICALES HUMIDES

15.1 HUMID GULFOFMEXICOCOASTALPLAINS AND HILLSPLANICIE COSTERAYLOMERÍOS HÚMEDOS DELGOLFODE MÉXICOPLAINE CÔTIÈRE ETCOLLINES HUMIDES DUGOLFE DUMEXIQUE

15.2 PLAIN AND HILLS OF THE YUCATAN PENINSULAPLANICIE YLOMERÍOS DE LAPENÍNSULADE YUCATÁNPLAINE ETCOLLINES DE LA PÉNINSULE DE YUCATAN

15.3 SIERRALOS TUXTLASSIERRADE LOS TUXTLASSIERRADES TUXTLAS

15.4 EVERGLADESEVERGLADESEVERGLADES

15.5 WESTERN PACIFIC PLAIN AND HILLSPLANICIE YLOMERÍOS DELOCCIDENTEPLAINE ETCOLLINES DE L'QUEST

15.6 COASTALPLAIN AND HILLS OFSOCONUSCOPLANICIE COSTERAYLOMERÍOS DELSOCONUSCOPLAINE CÔTIÈRE ETCOLLINES DUSOCONUSCO

10.0 NORTH AMERICAN DESERTSDESIERTOS DE NORTEAMÉRICADESÉRTS DE L'AMÉRIQUE DUNORD

10.1 COLD DESERTSDESIERTOS FRIOSDESÉRTS FROIDS

10.2 WARMDESERTSDESIERTOS CÁLIDOSDESÉRTS CHAUDS



12.0 SOUTHERN SEMI-ARID HIGHLANDSELEVACIONES SEMIÁRIDAS MERIDIONALESHAUTES TERRES SEMI-ARIDES MÉRIDIONALES

12.1 WESTERN SIERRAMADRE PIEDMONTPIEDEMONTE DE LASIERRAMADRE OCCIDENTALPIEDMONTDE LASIERRAMADRE OCCIDENTALE

12.2 MEXICAN HIGH PLATEAUALTIPLANICIE MEXICANAHAUTPLATEAUMEXICAIN

WILDLIFE HABITATCANADA/HABITATFAUNIQUE CANADA

CANADIAN COUNCILON ECOLOGICALAREAS /CONSEILCANADIEN DES AIRES ÉCOLOGIQUES

ENVIRONMENTCANADA/ENVIRONNEMENTCANADA

CANADIAN PLAINS RESEARCH CENTER,UNIVERSITYOFREGINA,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADAAGRICULTURE AND AGRI-FOOD CANADA/AGRICULTURE ET AGROALIMENTAIRE CANADA

ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION AGENCY,U.S.A.

U.S.GEOLOGICALSURVEY,DEPARTMENTOF THE INTERIOR,U.S.A.

INSTITUTONACIONALDE ESTADÍSTICA,GEOGRAFÍAE INFORMATICA(INEGI),MÉXICO

COMISION NACIONALPARAELCONOCIMIENTOYUSO E LABIODIVERSIDAD (CONABIO),MÉXICO

INSTITUTONACIONALDE ECOLOGIA,SEMARNAP,MÉXICO

CENTRODE ECOLOGIA,UNIVERSIDAD NACIONALAUTONOMADE MÉXICOINSTITUTODE ECOLOGIA,A.C. XALAPA,MÉXICO

Ecologicalregionsare areasofgeneralsimilarity inecosystems

andin thetype, quality,and quantity ofenvironmental resources.

Theyserveas aspatialframeworkfor theresearch,assessment,

management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem

components.Theyare effectivefornationaland regionalstateof

theenvironment reports,environmental resourceinventories and

assessments, setting regional resource management goals,

determiningcarrying capacity,as well as developing biological

criteriaand waterqualitystandards.The developmentof aclear

understanding of regionaland largecontinentalecosystems is

criticalforevaluating ecologicalrisk, sustainability,and health.

Themapsshown hererepresenta second attemptto holistically

classifyand map ecological regionsacrossthe NorthAmerican

continent(Commission forEnvironmental Cooperation Working

Group,1997).The mapping from 1997 and 2006was builtupon

earliereffortsthathad begun individuallyin allthreecountries

(e.g.,Wiken 1986,Omernik 1987).These approachesrecognized

t he need t o consider a full r ange of phys i ca l and biot i c

characteristicsto explain ecosystem regions (Omernik 2004).

Equally,they recognized thatthe relativeimportance of each

characteristic variesfrom one ecological regionto another

r eg ar dl es s o f t he h ie ra rc hi ca l l ev el . I n d es cr ib in g

ecoregionalizationin Canada,Wiken (1986)stated:

Ecologicalland classification is aprocess ofdelineating and

classifying ecologically distinctive areas of the Earth’s

surface. Each area can beviewed as a discretesystem whichhas resulted fromthe meshand interplayof thegeologic,

landform, soil, vegetative, climatic, wildlife, water and

humanfactorswhich may bepresent. Thedominanceof any

oneor a numberof these factors vari eswi th thegiven

ecological land unit. This holistic approach to land

classification can beapplied incrementallyon a scalerelated

basi s f rom very s i te- speci f ic ecosyst ems to very broad

ecosystems.

Determining ecologi cal r egions a t a cont inenta l l eve l i s a

challenging task.Itisdifficult,in part,becauseNorthAmericais

ecologically diverseand becausea nation’sterritorialboundaries

can be a hindrance to seeing and appreciating the perspectives

acrossthe land-massof threecountries. Developing and refining

aframeworkofNorthAmerican ecologicalregionshasbeen the

product of research and consultation between federal,state,

provincialand territorial agencies.These agencies wereoften

government depar tment s , but t he init i at i ve a l so involved

nongovernmental groups, universities and institutes. The

Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) was

instrumentalin bringing thesegroups together.The CEC was

established in 1994 byCanada, Mexico,and the United States to

addressenvironmentalconcernscommon tothe three countries.

TheCEC derivesits formal mandatefrom the NorthAmerican

Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the

environmentalside accord to the NorthAmerican Free Trade

Agreement(NAFTA).

Thesemapsrepresenttheworkinggroup’sbestconsensuson the

distributionand characteristicsof majorecosystemsonall three

levels throughout the three North American countries. The

methodology incorporated thesepoints in mapping ecologicalregions:

•Ecologicalclassificationincorporatesallmajorcomponents of

ecosystems:air,water, land,and biota,including humans.

•Itis holistic(“thewholeisgreaterthan the sum of itsparts”).

•The numberand relativeimportanceoffactorsthatarehelpful

in the delineation processvary from one area to another,

regardlessof thelevel ofgeneralization.

•Ecological classificationisbased onhierarchy—ecosystemsare

nested within ecosystemsas mapped, althoughin reality,they

may notalways nest.

• Such classification integrates knowledge;it is notan overlay

process.

•It recognizesthat ecosystemsare interactive—characteristicsof

oneecosystem blend withthose ofanother.

• Map lines depicting ecological classification boundaries

generally coincidewith thelocation ofzones oftransition.

A Romannumeral hierarchical scheme has beenadopted for

differentlevelsof ecologicalregions. LevelI is the coarsest

level,dividing North America into 15 broad ecologicalregions.

Thesehighlight majorecologicalareas and providethe broad

backdrop to theecologicalmosaicof thecontinent,putting it in

cont ext a t globalor in te rcontinent al scal es. The50 Level I I

ecologicalregions thathave been delineated areintendedto

providea moredetailed description ofthe largeecologicalareas

nested withinthe levelIregions.LevelIIecologicalregionsare

useful fornationaland subcontinentaloverviews of ecological

pa tt e rns .At l eve l I I I, t he cont inent current l ycont a ins 182

ecological regions.The levelIIIecological region mapdepicts

revisionsand subdivisionsof earlierlevel I,II, and IIIecological

regions (CEC 1997, McMahon et al., 2001,Omernik 1987,USEPA 2006;Wiken1986,Wiken etal.,1996).These smaller

divi s ions enhance regional envi ronment a l monit oring,

assessment andreporting,as wellas decision-making. Because

l eve l I I I r egions are smal l er , t hey al low loca l ly defin ing

characteristics to be identified, and morespecificallyoriented

managementstrategiesto beformulated.

LiteratureCited:

Commission forEnvironmental Cooperation Working Group,

1997,Ecologicalregionsof NorthAmerica– toward acommon

perspec t ive : Mont rea l , Commission for Envi ronment a l

Cooperation,71 p.

McMahon,G., Gregonis,S.M.,Waltman, S.W., Omernik,J.M.,

Thorson,T.D.,Freeouf,J.A.,Rorick,A.H.,andKeys,J.E.,2001,

Developing a spatialframework ofcommon ecological regions

forthe conterminousUnited States:EnvironmentalManagement,

v.28,no.3, p.293-316.

Omernik, J.M.,1987, Ecoregionsof the conterminous United

States(map supplement):Annals ofthe Association ofAmerican

Geographers,v.77, no.1,p. 118-125,scale1:7,500,000.

Omernik,J.M., 2004,Perspectives onthe natureand definitionof

ecologi cal r egions : Environmenta l Management, v . 34,

Supplement1, p.s27-s38.

U.S. Environmenta l Prot ect i on Agency, 2006, Level I I I

ecoregionsof thecontinental UnitedStates (revisionof Omernik,

1987) : Corvall i s, Oregon, USEPA – National Healt h and

Environmental EffectsResearchLaboratory,Map M-1,various

scales.

Wiken, E.B., 1986,Terrestrial ecozones of Canada: Ottawa,

Ontario, EnvironmentCanada,Ecological Land Classification

Seriesno.19, 26p.

Wiken, E.B., Gaut hier ,D. , Marshal l , I .B. , Lawt on, K. ,and

Hirvonen,H, 1996,A perspective on Canada’secosystems:An

overviewof theterrestrialand marineecozones: Ottawa,Ontario,

CanadianCouncil on EcologicalAreas,Occasional PaperNo. 14,

95 p.

north_americaLEVE L_I_II_v10.1.ai 5/26/2006

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