myanma alinn daily_ 2 february 2016 newpapers.pdf

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Mr. RICHARD MARTEN Ms. SUE PIKE Ms. STEPHANIE HODSON Mr.TIMOTHY PLOTZ

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tcGifhta&;ay;NyD; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/

( p ) tqdkygauseyfrIr&SdaMumif; tusdK;quftjzpf A[dkbPfu ta&;

,lxm;csufudk pnf;urf;csufrsm; owfrSwfí twnfjyKjcif;?

jyifqifjcif;? avQmYayghjcif;? ajymif;vJjcif;? tpm;xdk;jcif; odkYr[kwf

y,fzsufjcif; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/

(q) A[dkbPfonf þyk'fr tvdkYiSm bPfudk &,lydkifqdkif&ef tvm;

tvm&Sdoltm; bPfESifhoufqdkifaom owif;tcsuftvufudk

ay;Edkifonf/ odkYaomf xdkowif; tcsuftvuf&&Sdolonf

vQKdU0Sufxdef;odrf;xm;&rnf/ xdkowif;tcsuftvufrsm;tm;

bPfudk &,lydkifqdkifjcif;twGufom tokH;jyK&rnf/

tpk&S,f,mydkifqdkifol\ tcGifhta&;

105/ (u) þtcef;yg udpö&yftvdkYiSm bPfydkif&Sif\ udk,fpm;vS,fuom

A[dkbPf\ ta&;,lrItay: auseyfrIr&SdaMumif; A[dkbPfodkY

wifjycGifh&Sdonf/

( c ) ydkifqdkifolrsm;\udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf atmufygyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;OD;u

aqmif&GufEdkifonf-

( 1 ) bPf\ ydkif&Sifrsm;u trsm;qEjzifh bPf\ udk,fpm;vS,f

tjzpf cefYtyfjcif; cH&ol?

( 2 ) bPf\'g½dkufwmtzGJU Ouú|&mxl; aqmif&Gufaeol

odkYr[kwf xdkolu udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf tcGifhtmPm

vTJtyfjcif;cH&ol/

( * ) A[dkbPf\ qkH;jzwfcsufudk uefYuGufvdkygu yk'fr 104? yk'frcGJ

(c) ESifh (*) wdkYt& A[dkbPf\ aMunmcsufudk &&SdonfhaeYrS

14 &uftwGif; bPf\ ydkif&Sifrsm;u uefYuGufpm wifEdkifonf/

( C ) uefYuGufaompmudk A[dkbPfu owfrSwftcsdeftwGif; vufcH

&&Sdjcif;r&Sdygu ydkif&Sifrsm;u oabmwlnDonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/

( i ) A[dkbPfonf owfrSwfonfh 14 &uf twGif; uefYuGufpm

&&Sdygu uefYuGuf wifjycsufudk jyefvnfokH;oyfum rdrd\

trdefYudk twnfjyKjcif;? jyifqifjcif; odkYr[kwf trdefYtm;y,f

zsufjcif;oifhavsmfovdk jyKEdkifonf/ xdkodkY jyKvkyf&mwGif rdrd\

qkH;jzwfcsuftwGuf taMumif;jycsuf azmfjy&rnf/

( p ) A[dkbPf\ qkH;jzwfcsufudk bPf\ydkif&Sifrsm;\ udk,fpm;vS,fxH

csufcsif; ay;ydkY&rnf/

( q ) A[dkbPf\ ta&;,lrItm;vkH;onf A[dkbPfu y,fzsuf

jcif;rjyKorQ w&m;0if twnfjzpfap&rnf/

( Z ) A[dkbPfu xkwfjyefaom twnfjyKjcif;? jyifqifjcif;? y,fzsuf

jcif; qkH;jzwfcsuf trdefYpmonf tNyD;tjywf twnfjzpfap&rnf/

rwnfaiG&if;avQmYcsjcif;ESifh tpk&S,f,mrsm; y,fzsufjcif;

106/ ( u ) bPf\ xnfh0ifNyD;rwnfaiG&if; qkH;½IH;jcif;jzpfap? &&efydkifcGifh

rsm;jzifh rwifjyEdkifvQifjzpfap trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef xkwfjyef

aMunmNyD; oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;

vTwfawmfwGif avQmufxm;NyD; xdkrSwpfqifh bPf\ tqdkyg

rwnfaiG&if;qkH;½IH;rI odkYr[kwf &&efydkifcGifhrsm;jzifh rwifjyEdkifrI

wdkYudk y,fzsufjcif;jyKNyD; rwnfaiG&if;udk avQmYcsjcif; jyKEdkifonf/

( c ) bPf\ &&efydkifcGifhrsm; odkYr[kwf ay;&efwm0efrsm;udk yk'fr

104? yk'frcGJ(*)? yk'frcGJi,f (1)? yk'frcGJi,fpdwf (cc) ESifh (**)

wdkYt& tjcm;olodkY vTJajymif;xm;NyD;jzpfvQif A[dkbPfonf

trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;ygu oufqdkif&m

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfwGif avQmuf

xm;&rnf/ oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f

w&m;vTwfawmf\ trdefY odkYr[kwf qkH;jzwfcsuft& bPf\

useftpk&S,f,m rwnfaiG&if;udk y,fzsufEdkifonf/

( * ) A[dkbPfu yk'frcGJ (u) t& tpk&S,f,m rwnfaiG&if;udk

avQmYcs&eftrdefYudk xkwfjyefonfhtcgxdkodkYxkwfjyefonfhaeYrS

&ufaygif; 90 twGif; tpk&S,f,m&Sifrsm;u vma&muf

ay;oGif;jcif;rjyKygu A[dkbPfonf tqdkygay;oGif;jcif;rjyK

onfhwefzdk;udk y,fzsufa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;

odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfodkY avQmufxm;Edkifonf/

(C) bPf\ tpk&S,f,mrwnfaiG&if;udk yk'frcGJ (u) t& avQmhcs

jcif; odkYr[kwf yk'frcGJ (c) t& tpk&S,f,mrsm;udk y,fzsufjcif;jyK

onfhtcg A[dkbPfonf bPf\ pmwrf;trSwftom;rsm;udk

jzpfap? oif;zGJUrSwfwrf;ESifhoif;zGJUpnf;rsOf;wdkYudkjzpfap ajymif;vJ

jyifqifa&;twGuf ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif½kH;odkY avQmufxm;&ef

bPftm; awmif;qdkEdkifonf/

tNyD;tydkiftyfESif;&&Sdonfh &&efydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh ay;&efwm0efrsm;

107/ bPf\ &&efydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh ay;&efwm0efrsm;onf tm;vkH;jzpfap?

tcsdKUt0ufjzpfap tjcm;aomaiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;odkY yk'fr 104 t&

tyfESHjcif; odkYr[kwf vTJajymif;jcif; jyK&mwGif A[dkbPfonf trsm;jynfol

od&SdEdkif&ef trdefYxkwfjyefaMunm&rnf/ ,if;trdefYonf tNyD;tjywf twnf

jzpfap&rnf/

108/ tNyD;tydkiftyfESif;cGifh&&Sdolonf atmufygtcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnD&rnf-

(u) yk'fr 107 t& xkwfjyefaom trdefYESifhoufqdkifonfh bPf\

tNyD;tydkiftyfESif; &&Sdonfh &&efydkifcGifhESifhay;&efwm0efrsm;

udk &,l&mwGif vTJajymif;ay;oltzGJUtpnf;\ aiGtyfESHolrsm;ESifh

NrD&Sifrsm;\ tusdK; odkYr[kwf trsm;jynfoltusdK; jzpfonfudk

cdkifvkHpGm qkH;jzwfEdkifjcif;?

( c ) vTJajymif;vufcHonfh tzGJUtpnf;onf bPfvkyfief;rsm;udk

qufvufvkyfudkif&mwGif vkyfudkifEdkifpGrf;&nf&Sdjcif;?

( * ) tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;&&Sdonfh &&efydkifcGifhudk tokH;jyKjcif;ESifh

vuf&Sday;&ef wm0efudk ajz&Sif;jcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;í vTJajymif;

vufcHonfhtzGJUtpnf;u A[dkbPfu csrSwfaom pnf;urf;

csufrsm;udk vdkufemrnfjzpfaMumif; oabmwlnDjcif;/

tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;onfh trdefY\ tusdK;oufa&mufjcif;

109/ (u) yk'fr 107 t& xkwfjyefaom tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;&&Sdonfh

trdefYwGif oufqdkif&m aeY&ufrS pwiftusdK;oufa&muf&mwGif-

( 1 ) tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;&&Sdonfh &&efydkifcGifhodkY ajymif;vJay;

aom tcGifhta&; tm;vkH;ESifh tNyD;tydkiftyfESif;&&Sdonfh

&&efydkifcGifhrsm; &,l&mwGif tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;&&Sdonfh

&&efydkifcGifh&&Sdjcif;onf NyD;ajrmufjcif;r&Sdapumrl vTJ

ajymif; vufcHaom tzGJUtpnf;u &&SdNyD;jzpfonf[k

rSwf,l&rnf/

( 2 ) tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;&&Sdonfh &&efydkifcGifhrsm; odkYr[kwf

ay;&ef wm0efrsm;udk oufqdkif&mw&m;0ifrSwfykHwifpm

tkyftoD;oD;wGif a&;oGif;csufrsm;tm;vkH;udk vTJajymif;

vufcH&&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;\ trnfodkYajymif;í tpm;

xdk;NyD; jzpfap&rnf/ odkYaomf xdkodkYtrnfajymif;jcif;r&Sd

apumrl tNyD;tydkif tyfESif; &&Sdonfh trdefYt& &&efydkif

cGifhrsm; odkYr[kwf ay;&efwm0efrsm;udk vTJajymif; vufcH

&&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;odkY tusdK;oufa&mufNyD; cHpm;ydkifcGifh

rsm; &&Sdap&rnf/

( 3 ) A[dkbPfu þOya't&odkYr[kwf jrefrmEdkifiHukrÜPDrsm;

tufOya'ESifh txl;ukrÜPDtufOya'wdkYt& xkwfjyef

aom trdefYyg pnf;urf;csufrsm;udk vTJajymif; vufcH&&Sd

aom tzGJUtpnf;u vdkufem&rnf/ xdktzGJUtpnf;onf

xdkodkYvdkufemrnfh taMumif; pmjzifh oabmwlnDcsufay;

&rnf/ pmrsufESm (17) odkY


pmrsufESm 16 rS

( 4 ) vTJajymif; vufcHaom tzGJUtpnf;tm; xkwfay;xm;aom

vdkifpifudk &&efydkifcGifh tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;onfh trdefYESifh

tnD xdktzGJUtpnf;udktyfESif;onfh cHpm;cGifhrsm; tusdK;

oufa&mufrI &Sdap&ef vdktyfovdk jyKjyif&rnf/

( 5 ) vTJajymif;ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;u &&efydkifcGifhESifh ay;&ef

wm0ef tm;vkH;udk vTJajymif;vufcH&&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;

odkY vTJajymif; tyfESif;NyD;vQif A[dkbPfonf vTJajymif;ay;

aom tzGJUtpnf;\ vdkifpifudk y,fzsuf&rnf/

( c ) yk'fr 107 t& xkwfqifhaom &&efydkifcGifhtyfESif;onfh trdefYwGif

A[dkbPfu tjcm;enf;jzifh oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;jcif;r&SdvQif ouf

qdkif&maeY&ufrSpí atmufygwdkYtusdK;oufa&mufap&rnf-

( 1 ) vTJajymif;vufcHonfh tzGJUtpnf;odkY tyfESif;vTJtyfonfh

&&ef ydkifcGifhrsm;? ay;&efwm0efrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í y#dnmOf

rsm;? pmcsKyfrsm;? tmrcHpmcsKyfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;?

udk,fpm;vS,fvTJpmrsm;? w&m;0ifudk,fpm;vS,f vTJtyf

cGifhrsm;ESifh tjcm;pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;onf vTJajymif;

ay;aom tzGJUtpnf;odkY oabmwl cGifhjyKaomaeY&ufrSpí

vTJajymif;tyfESHNyD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf/

( 2 ) vTJajymif;vufcH&&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;odkY tyfESif;í

&&Sdaom &&efydkifcGifhrsm; odkYr[kwf ay;&efwm0efrsm;

ESifhpyfvsOf;í xdkodkYtyfESif;jcif;rjyKrDu &SdcJhaom ta&;

,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESifh pGJqdkcsufrsm;rSm vTJajymif;

vufcH&&SdaomtzGJUtpnf;upGJqdkaomodkYr[kwf¤if;

tzGJUtpnf;tay: pGJqdkaom ta&;,lrIrsm; ESifhpGJqdkcsuf

rsm;jzpfonf[k rSwf,lí tusdK;oufa&mufrI &Sdap&rnf/

( * ) þyk'frtvdkYiSm -

( 1 ) oufqdkif&maeY qdkonfrSm trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef

xkwfjyefaMunmaom ydkifqdkifcGifh tNyD;tydkif tyfESif;

onfhtrdefY xkwfjyefonfhaeYudk qdkonf/

( 2 ) w&m;0ifrSwfykHwifjcif;rsm; qdkonfrSm EdkifiHawmf\

Oya't& wnfaxmifonfh rSwfykHwifXmewGif vlyk*¾dKvf

ESifh EdkifiHawmfwGif Oya't& zGJUpnf;onfh tzGJUtpnf;

rsm;\ a&TUajymif;Edkifaom odkYr[kwf ra&TUrajymif;Edkifaom

ypönf;twGuf &ydkifcGifhrSwfwrf;rsm;t& tusdK;cHpm;rIrsm;?

ydkifqdkifrIrsm;? vTJajymif;jcif;rsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;udk qdkonf/

tcGefESifhtcrsm;

110/ þOya'tcef;ygjy|mef;csuft& &&efydkifcGifhrsm; odkYr[kwf ay;&ef

wm0efvTJajymif;rI wpf&yf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í tcGefESifhtcuif;vGwfcGifh&&Sd&ef

0efBuD;XmeodkY avQmufxm;Edkifonf/

bPfvkyfief;vkyfudkifcGifhtm;&yfqdkif;xm;jcif;

111/ (u) þtcef;ygvkyfydkifcGifhrsm;tjyif A[dkbPfonf bPf\ tusdK;

twGufjzpfap? aiGtyfESHolrsm;\ tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhpkaqmif;aiG

rsm;udk umuG,f&efjzpfap? aiGaMu; pepfwnfNidrf&efjzpfap

vdktyfonf[k xifjrifvQif trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef atmufyg

wdkYudk xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf-

( 1 ) trdefYwGif bPf\ bPfvkyfief;tm;vkH; odkYr[kwf

tcsdKUt0ufudk vkyfudkifcGifh wm;jrpfydwfyifjcif;?

( 2 ) bPftm; bPfvkyfief;ESifhqufET,faom vkyfief;

wm0efrsm;tm;vkH; odkYr[kwf tpdwftydkif;udk aqmif&Guf

jcif;udk wm;jrpfydwfyifjcif;?

( 3 ) yk'frcGJi,f (1) odkYr[kwf yk'frcGJi,f (2) t& wm;jrpf

xm;aom umvtwGuf tusdK;oufa&mufrI&Sdap&ef

xdkwm;jrpfonfhumvtwGif; þOya't& xkwfay;onfh

bPf\ vdkifpiftm; &yfqdkif;xm;jcif;?

( 4 ) txufygyk'frcGJrsm;yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk tusdK;ouf

a&mufap&eftvdkYiSm bPf\ ydkifqdkifypönf;rsm;? pmtkyf

rsm;ESifh pmwrf;trSwftom;rsm;udk A[dkbPfu xdef;csKyf

uGyfuJjcif; odkYr[kwf xdef;odrf;jcif;tygt0if ra&SmifvTJ

Edkifaom tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;? aemufqufwGJ udpörsm;

twGuf owfrSwfjcif;/

( c ) tcgtm;avsmfpGm yk'frcGJ (u) t& xkwfjyefaom trdefYudk

jyifqifjcif;? ajymif;vJjcif;? tpm;xdk;jcif; jyKEdkifonf/ xdkodkY

vufawGUaqmif&Guf&ef rjzpfEdkifvQif odkYr[kwf w&m;rQwrI

r&SdvQif yk'frcGJ (u) t& aemufxyf trdefYudk xkwfqifhEdkifonf/

( * ) A[dkbPfonf yk'frcGJ (u) t& xkwfqifhonfh trdefYESifh yk'frcGJ

(c) t& aemufxyf xkwfjyefaom trdefYudk ½kyfodrf;Edkifonf/

xdkYjyif A[dkbPfonf vdktyfonf[k xifjrifvQif tqdkyg

trdefYwGif vdktyfaom ñTefMum;csuf odkYr[kwf qufET,faom

aemufqufwGJ oabmobm0&Sdonfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;xkwf

jyefEdkifonf/

tcef; (16)

bPfr[kwfaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhZ,m;0iftzGJUtpnf;rsm;

jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;

112/ bPfr[kwfaom aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh Z,m;0iftzGJU

tpnf;rsm;udk vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifhtnD jyefvnfxlaxmifEdkifonf/

tcef; (17)

bPfrsm;tm;pm&if;&Sif;vif;zsufodrf;jcif;?bPftm;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;rS

qE´tavsmuf &yfpJjcif;ESifh pm&if;&Sif;vif;zsufodrf;jcif;

twGuf BudKwiftwnfjyKcsuf

113/ (u) A[dkbPf\ pmjzifha&;om;xm;aom twnfjyKcsufr&SdbJ

bPfwpfck? vuf&Sd pm&if;&Sif;vif; zsufodrf;rnfh bPfwpfcktm;

qEtavsmuf&yfpJjcif;ESifh pm&if;&Sif;vif; zsufodrf;jcif;twGuf

rnfolrQ oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;

vTwfawmfodkY avQmufxm;cGifh r&Sdap&/

( c ) atmufygtcsufrsm;tm; auseyfrIr&SdvQif yk'frcGJ (u) t&

twnfjyKcsuftm; A[dkbPfu cGifhrjyK&-

( 1 ) pm&if;&Sif;vif; zsufodrf;rnfh bPfu a<u;NrDrsm;tm;vkH;udk

jyefvnf ay;qyfEdkifpGrf;&SdNyD; aiGtyfESHolrsm;ESifh NrD&Sifrsm;odkY

aESmifhaES;rIr&SdbJ jyefvnfay;qyfEdkifjcif;?

( 2 ) bPfvkyfief; tpk&S,f,m&Sifrsm;\ tpnf;ta0;wpfckwGif

rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdaom &S,f,mydkif&Sifrsm;\ av;ykHokH;ykH xuf

renf; udk,fpm;jyKxm;onfh oabmwlnDcsufwpfckt&

pm&if;&Sif;vif; zsufodrf;rnfh bPftm; &yfpJjcif;ESifh

pm&if;&Sif;vif; zsufodrf;jcif;tm; twnfjyKNyD;jzpfjcif;/

( * ) tpdk;&tzGJU\ twnfjyKcsufrygbJ jynfwGif;vdkifpif& EdkifiHawmf

ydkif aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;wpfcktm; &yfpJjcif; odkYr[kwf

zsufodrf;jcif;udk EdkifiHjcm;aiGa&;aMu;a&; tzGJUtpnf;\ pDrHtkyf

csKyfolupmjzifh a&;om;xm;onfh awmif;qdkcsufrygbJ EdkifiHawmf

twGif; jynfyaiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGJUtpnf;wpfck\ XmecGJtm;

pm&if;&Sif;vif; zsufodrf;jcif;/

qE´tavsmufzsufodrf;jcif;ESifh pm&if;&Sif;vif;zsufodrf;jcif;twGuf pnf;urf;

csufrsm;

114/ (u) yk'fr 113? yk'frcGJ (c) ESifh (*) wdkY t& twnfjyKcsufwpfcktm;

A[dkbPfrS cGifhrjyKao;rD tqdkygqE´tavsmufvkyfief;&yfpJ

rnfh pm&if;&Sif;vif;zsufodrf;rnfh bPfonf atmufygwdkYudk

NyD;pD;atmif aqmif&Guf&rnf-

( 1 ) bPfwGif tyfESHxm;onfhaiGrsm;udk aiGtyfESHolrsm;odkY

jyefvnfxkwfay;NyD; jzpf&rnf/

( 2 ) þOya't& ay:aygufonfh aiGa&;aMu;a&;ay;&ef

wm0efrsm;ESifh aqmif&Guf&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; tm;vkH;

udk jyefvnfay;qyfNyD;jzpfaMumif;ESifh ,if;\ ,kHrSwftyfESH

jcif;qdkif&mvkyfydkifcGifht&¤if;xHwGif&SdonfhaiGESifhtjcm;

ypönf;rsm;tm;vkH;udk jyefvnfay;tyfNyD; jzpf&rnf/

( c ) yk'frcGJ (u) t& vdktyfcsufrsm;tjyif pm&if;&Sif;vif;zsufodrf;

rnfh bPfonf-

( 1 ) aqmif&GufaeqJ vkyfief;tm;vkH;tm; zsufodrf;NyD; jzpf&

rnf/

( 2 ) pm&if;&Sif;vif;zsufodrf;&efjzpfonfh aqmif&GufqJpD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;rsm; tm;vkH;tm; zsufodrf;NyD; tpDtpOfwus

pm&if;&Sif;vif; zsufodrf;jcif;tm; tusdK;oufa&mufrI

&Sdaprnfh vdktyfonfh tcGifhtmPmudkomvQif usifhokH;

&rnf/

( * ) A[dkbPfonf pm&if;&Sif;vif;zsufodrf;rnfh bPfESifh cGifhjyKcsuf

&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufaeaom vlyk*¾dKvfwdkYESifh oufqdkifonfh tpD

&ifcHpmrsm; pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; zsufodrf;jcif;ESifh pm&if;&Sif;vif;

zsufodrf;jcif; pDrHcsuftygt0if tjcm;aom owif;tcsuf

tvufrsm;udk awmif;qdkEdkifonf/

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Q - A galvanometer has a resistor of 2 Ω and gives a full scale deflection when a current of 1 mA flows through it. How can it be converted for use as (a) an ammeter reading up to 10A, and (b) a voltmeter reading up to 50V?

RG=2 Ω, i =1mA=1 × 10-3 A, I=10ALet r be the resistance of the wire to be connected in parallel with RG.

Let R be the resistance of the wire to be connected in series with RG.

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myanma alinn daily_ 2 february 2016 newpapers.pdf

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