Musculoskeletal System

Components

u Bones

u Muscles

u Joints

Functions

u Framework

u Protection

u Movement

u Maintain Calcium

Bone

u Connective Tissue (Periosteum) hardened by Calcium

u Periosteum contains nerve fibers and lymphocytes

u Bone ends (joints) are lined with cartilage

u Ligaments hold the bones in place

Types of Bone Tissue

u Compact

u Dense

u Solid

u Forms outer shaft of long bones

u Spongy

u Looks “lacy”

u Inside shaft

Bone Development

u Begins as cartilage model

u Osteoblasts

u Bone forming cells

u Ends are separated from shaft by cartilage until growing ceases

u Bones are constantly being remodeled

u Load bearing exercise is essential

Osteoporosis

u Bones become brittle and prone to fracturing

u Bone Loss outpaces Bone Growth

u Osteopenia

u Low bone mass

u Lack of Calcium

u Lack of Vitamin D

u Sedentary Lifestyle

u Smoking

u Excessive Alcohol

u Hormone imbalances

u Men – low testosterone

u Women – low estrogen

u Parathyroid hormone

u Growth Hormone

Bone Types (Basic)

u Long

u Weight Bearing, structural

u Short

u Wide range of movement

u Flat

u Protection

u Irregular

u Attachment sites

Skeleton

u Axial

u Center Axis

u Appendicular

u Hanging bones

Axial

u Supports and Protects u Skull

u 28 bones

u Brain case

u Protects brain

u Facial bones

u Support and shape the face

u Vertebral Column (Spine/Backbone)

u 33 Vertebrae

u Sternum (breastbone)

u Ribs

u Protects heart, lungs, and other organs

u Important for breathing

Appendicular

u Arms/Hands

u Humerus

u Ulna , Radius

u Carpals (wrist)

u Metacarpals (hand)

u Phalanges (fingers)

u Legs/Feet

u Femur

u Tibia/Fibula

u Patella

u Tarsals (ankle)

u Metatarsals (foot)

u Phalanges (toes)

u Pectoral Girdle (shoulders)

u Scapula (shoulder blade)

u Clavicle (collarbone)

u Loose Muscle Attachment

u Pelvic Girdle (Hips)

Functions of the Muscular System

u Allows us to stand upright

u Blood Circulation

u Movement

u Body Temperature Regulation

u Digestion

u Waste Removal

Types of Muscle

u Skeletal

u Slow Fibers

u Sustain long, repeated contractions

u Fast Fibers

u Generate quick boosts of power

u Smooth

u Cardiac