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Muscular System & Skeletal System By: Maty and Tony

Muscular System •  The Muscular System is divided into 3 classes: cardiac, smooth,

and skeletal. The system is made up of over 600 muscles, that come in a variety of shapes and forms. The differences are recognized by location, function, structure, and the way they are contracted. The system is controlled by the Nervous System.

•  The Muscular System is made up of muscles and the connecting tissue.

•  Functions of the Muscular System: –  generate heat –  help maintain posture –  stabilize joints –  (muscular tissue is responsible for) the move parts of the skeleton,

vessels, and internal organs –  Myofilaments are elaborate versions of the actin and myosin

filaments that bring about the movement in all cell types

1.  Myotonia: the medical problem in which muscles relax slowly after contraction   Causes: inherited or developed over time

  Symptoms: trouble releasing grip, trouble walking, and trouble getting up

  Treatments: medications (quinine, mexiletine, and phention) and physical therapy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zx7kAJD0faA

2. Muscular Dystrophy: the progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement   Causes: the disease in inherited   Symptoms: poor balance, bad coordination, loss of

functions, difficulty of use of certain muscle groups   Treatments: there are no known cure, but therapy

helps patients cope with disease

3. Tendonitis: the inflammation or irritation of the tendon   Causes: overuse of muscle, calcium deposit, poor sport

technique, and neglect of warm-ups

  Symptoms: pain, swelling, warm to the touch, stiffness, and muscle weakness

  Treatments: ultrasound treatment, stretching/strengthening therapy, corticosteroid injections

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Terminology

  Chondroplasty: surgical repair of cartilage

  chondr(o): cartilage plasty: surgical repair

  Dyskinesia: difficulty or abnormality of movement

  dys: pain/difficulty kinesi(o): movement

  Myositis: inflammation of muscle

  my(o): muscle itis: inflammation

  Symphysis: growing together

  sym: together/with physis: growing

  Atrophy: decrease in size of organ or tissue

  a: without troph(o):development y: condition

Abbreviations

  EMG: Electromyography

  IM: Intramuscular

  ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament

  MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Skeletal System   The skeletal systems are divided into two distinct parts. The

axial skeleton consists of bones that form the axis of the body and support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk. The appendicular skeleton is composed of bones that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton. The systems 206 bones form a rigid framework.

  The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and joints.

  Functions of the skeletal system:   support the body   protect the body   movement   blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) happens in the bone

marrow   bones are storage for excess calcium

1.  Fibrodyslplasia Ossificans Progressiva: when fiberous tissue (muscles, tendons, and ligaments) is ossified and slowly turns to bone   Causes: it is inherited   Symptoms: short toe, bone fusion, swelling, restricted

mobility, muscle ossification   Treatments: no treatment

2. Leukemia: is a form of cancer that forms in the bone marrow and attacks the lymphatic system.   Causes: unknown why cellular changes occur   Symptoms: swelling of the lymph nodes, fevers,

frequent infections, feeling weak/tired, and easily bruised

  Treatment: chemotherapy, biological therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant

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3. Spina Bifida: a birth defect that affects the development of the spinal cord while a baby is in the womb. This can be treated before birth if noticed.   Causes: genetics, nutrition, and environment

  Symptoms: leg paralysis, curved legs, deformities, bladder/bowel control problems, and hydrocephalus

  Treatment: surgery (if needed), therapy

*this can be prevented by taking folic acid during pregnancy

Terminology   arthrogram: x-ray of a joint

  arthr(o): joint gram: record

  cervicodynia: neck pain

  cervic(o): neck dynia: pain

  chondroplasty: surgical repair of cartilage

  chondr(o): cartilage plasty: surgical repair

  craniotomy : incision of the skull

  crani(o): skull dynia: pain

  osteoporosis: decrease in bone density

  oste(o): bone por: opening osis: condition

  tenorrhaphy: suture of a tendon

  tend/o, ten/o: tendon rrhaphy: suture

Abbreviations

  Ca: Calcium

  Ortho: Orthopedics

  TMJ: Temporomandibular Joint

  RA: Rheumatiod Arthritis

  ROM: Range of Motion

  CT: Computed Tomography