Muscle Memory

SternocleidomastoidLocation – • NeckMovement – • Head Flexion and rotation

ExtraOrigin - • Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.Insertion – • Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone.Nerve Supply – • Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

Pectoralis MajorLocation –

• Chest

Movement – • Shoulder Flexion• Internal Rotation• Shoulder Adduction

ExtraOrigin –

• Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.

Insertion –• Fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus.

Nerve Supply – • Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves

• Pulls rib cage upward, thus helps in climbing, throwing, pushing and forced inspiration.

Pectoralis MinorLocation –

• ChestMovement –

• Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

ExtrasOrigin –

• 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages

Insertion – • Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Nerve Supply – • Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)

Biceps BrachiiLocation- • Anterior upper armMovement – • Elbow Flexion•Forearm Supination

Extra• Has 2 origins (bi)

• Short head - coracoid process•Long head – tubercle above glenoid cavity

• Insertion • Radial Tuberosity

• Nerve Supply• Musculocutaneous Nerve

BrachialisLocation –

• Proximal to the elbow in supination.

Movement – • Elbow flexion

ExtrasOrigin –

• Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion – • Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Nerve Supply – • Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)

BrachioradialisLocation –

• Front of forearm.Movement –

• Elbow Flexion• Elbow Pronation• Elbow Supination

ExtrasOrigin –

• Lower 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.

Insertion – • Styloid process of radius.

Nerve Supply – • Radial Nerve

Flexor Digitorum SuperficialisLocation –

• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.Movement –

• Flexes proximal phalanges at matacarpophalangeal joints . •Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers.

ExtrasOrigin -

• Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius

Insertion – • Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5

Nerve Supply – • Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)

Palmaris LongusLocation-

•Inside of forearmMovement-

•Weak wrist flexion•Tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements.

ExtraOrigin-

•Medial epicondyle of humerusInsertion-

•Palmar aponeurosis, skin and fascia of palm.

Nerve Supply-•Median nerve

• Some people don’t have one (14%)• Touch your pointer finger with your 5th finger and flex your wrist to see it.

Pronator TeresLocation –

• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.

Movement – • Forearm Pronation• Elbow Flexion

ExtrasOrigin -

• Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion – • Middle of lateral surface of radius

Nerve Supply – • Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)

TrapeziusLocation- •Upper BackMovement – • Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates Scapula

Extra• Origin

• Occipital bone, spines of C7-T12

• Insertion• Along Acromion and spine of scapula and Lat. 1/3 of clavicle

• Nerve Supply•Accessory Nerve

Levator ScapulaeLocation –

• Back of the neck.Movement –

• Scapula Elevation.

ExtrasOrigin –

• Transverse processes of C1 – C4

Insertion – • Medial border of scapula, superior to the spine.

Nerve Supply – • Cervical spinal nerves• Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid MinorLocation –

• Upper back• Between scapula and spine

Movement – • Retract scapula• Rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity•Fix scapula to thoracic wall

ExtraOrigin –

• Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae.

Insertion – • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle.

Nerve Supply – • Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5)

Rhomboid MajorLocation –

• Back• Between the scapula and the spine

Movement – • Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity•Fix scapula to thoracic wall

ExtrasOrigin –

• Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae

Insertion – • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

Nerve Supply – • Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) (C4, C5)

Triceps BrachiiLocation –

• Back of the armMovement –

• Elbow Extension

ExtrasOrigin –

• LH: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula• LTH: Posterior shaft of humerus• MH: Posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove.

Insertion – • By common tendon into olecranon process of ulna.

Nerve Supply – • Radial Nerve

Latissimus DorsiLocation –

• Inferior backMovement –

• Shoulder Extension• Shoulder Adduction• Shoulder Internal rotation

ExtrasOrigin -

• Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Insertion – • Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Nerve Supply – • Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) (C6, C7, C8)

SupraspinatusLocation –

• Top of the shoulder• On the scapula

Movement – • Shoulder abduction.

ExtraOrigin –

• Supraspinous fossaInsertion –

• Superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus.

Nerve Supply – • Suprascapular nerve.

• Part of the rotator cuff.• Stabilizes the humeral head in the glenoid fossa.• Action is controversial.

InfraspinatusLocation –

• Scapula• Back

Movement – • Helps to hold head of humerus in gleniod cavity.• Stabilizing shoulder joint• External rotation

ExtraOrigin –

• Infraspinous fossa of scapula.Insertion –

• Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus.

Nerve Supply – • Suprascapular

• Part of Rotator Cuff.

Teres MinorLocation –

• Back• Inferior scapula

Movement – • Shoulder External Rotation.• Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity.

ExtrasOrigin -

• Superior part of lateral border of scapula

Insertion – •Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus

Nerve Supply – • Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)

SubscapularisLocation –

• Inside of the scapulaMovement –

• Shoulder Adduction• Shoulder Internal Rotation.

ExtrasOrigin -

• Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion –

• Lesser tuberosity of humerus Nerve Supply –

• Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)

Teres MajorLocation –

• Back• Lower scapula

Movement – • Shoulder adduction• Shoulder internal rotation

ExtrasOrigin –

• Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula.

Insertion – • Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus.

Nerve Supply – • Subscapular nerve

Serratus AnteriorLocation –

• Side of the rib cageMovement –

• Draws scapula forward and upward.• Abducts and rotates scapula.• Stabilizes vertebral border of scapula.

ExtrasOrigin -

• Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest

Insertion – • Vertebral border of scapula

Nerve Supply – • Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) (C5, C6, C7)

Anterior DeltoidLocation –

• Superior and anterior aspect of the shoulder.

Movement – • Shoulder Flexion• Shoulder Internal rotation

ExtrasOrigin -

• Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion – • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Nerve Suppley – • Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)

Middle DeltoidLocation-

•Top of shoulder•Upper arm

Movement-•Shoulder Abduction (3)

Extras• 3 total deltoid musclesOrigin-

•Embraces insertion of the trapezius•lateral 1/3 of clavicle•acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion-•Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

Nerve Supply-•Axillary nerve

Posterior DeltoidLocation –

• Top and posterior of shoulder

Movement – • Transverse Extension.• Shoulder Abduction (3)

ExtrasOrigin –

• Lower lip of posterior border of spine of scapula as far back as medial end.

Insertion – • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

Nerve Supply – • Axillary Nerve

Iliopsoas Combination of 3 muscles:

1. Psoas major2. Psoas minor3. Iliacus

Location – • Abdomen

Movement – • Torso Flexion• Hip Flexion

ExtrasOrigin –

• Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5

Insertion – • Lesser trochanter

Nerve Supply – • Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar

plexus (L1, L2, L3)

SartoriusLocation –

• Anterior aspect of the thigh• Medial aspect of the knee.

Movement – • Hip Flexion• Hip External Rotation • Knee Flexion.

Extras Origin –

• Anterior superior iliac spine .Insertion –

• Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity.

Nerve Supply – • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Rectus FemorisLocation- • Middle, Front ThighMovement – •Knee Extension•Hip Flexion

Extra• Origin

• Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine

• Insertion•Patella and Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament

• Nerve Supply•Femoral Nerve

Vastus LateralisLocation –

• Anterior aspect of thigh.Movement –

• Knee Extension

ExtrasOrigin –

• Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur.

Insertion –• Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon.

Nerve Supply – • Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Vastus MedialisLocation –

• Front of thighMovement –

• Extends knee• Stabilize patella

ExtrasOrigin –

• Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line.

Insertion –• As for rectus femoris

Nerve Supply – • Femoral Nerve

• Part of the Quadriceps muscle group.• Tear drop on the inside is called the ‘oblique.’

Vastus IntermediusLocation –

• Anterior aspect of the thigh.Movement –

• Knee Extension

ExtrasOrigin –

• Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of thigh

Insertion – • Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep portion of the quadriceps tendon

Nerve Supply – • Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Anterior TibialisLocation –

• Front of lower legMovement –

• Dorsiflexion of ankle.

ExtraOrigin –

• Lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous membrane.

Insertion – • By tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone.

Nerve Supply –• Deep fibular nerve

• Muscle associated with shin splints.

Gluteus Maximus

Location – • Butt• Backside

Movement – • Hip extension.• Hip external rotation.• Hip abduction.

ExtrasOrigin –

• Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.

Insertion – • Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band; also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface.

Nerve Supply – • Inferior gluteal nerve

SemitendinosusLocation –

• Posterior aspect of the thigh.Movement –

• Knee Flexion• Hip Extension• Tibia internal rotation when knee is flexed.

ExtrasOrigin –

• From common tendon with long head of biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion – • Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft

Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

SemimebranosusLocation – • Back of the thigh.Movement – • Knee Flexion• Hip extension and internal rotation.

Extra• Part of the Hamstring group.Origin – • Ischial tuberosityInsertion – • Medial condyle of tibia.Nerve Supply – • Sciatic nerve.

Biceps FemorisLocation –

• Back of the thigh.Movement –

• Flexes the knee• Rotates the tibia laterally. • Extends the hip joint

ExtrasOrigin –

• Common tendon with semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion – • Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle

Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

GastrocnemiusLocation –

• Posterior lower legMovement –

• Plantarflexes foot when knee extended• Knee flexion when ankle dorsiflexed

ExtraOrigin –

• By two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur.

Insertion – • Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

Nerve Supply – • Tibial Nerve

SoleusLocation –

• Posterior aspect of the lower leg.• Under the gastrocnemius.

Movement – • Ankle Plantarflexion

ExtrasOrigin –

• Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft, and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the two sites of bone origin

Insertion – • Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface

Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (S1, S2) (S1, S2)

Gluteus MinimusLocation –

• Lateral aspect of the hip.Movement –

• Hip Abduction• Hip Internal rotation.

ExtrasOrigin –

• Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch

Insertion – • Anterior surface of greater trochanter

Nerve Supply – • Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)

Gluteus Medius

Location-• Back side.•Buttocks

Movement-•Hip Abduction• Hip internal rotation

ExtrasOrigin-

• Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium

Insertion-•By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur

Nerve Supply-• Superior gluteal nerve

• Important in walking• Muscle of limb planted on ground tilts or holds pelvis in abduction so that pelvis on side of swinging limb does not sag.• The foot of swinging limb can thus clear the ground.

Tensor Fasciae LataeLocation –

• Lateral aspect of the upper leg.Movement –

• Helps stabilize the hip and knee by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia.

ExtrasOrigin -

• Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata

Insertion – • Iliotibial band

Nerve Supply – •Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)

Peroneus Longus

Location – • Lateral, lower leg

Movement – • Ankle Eversion.•Ankle Plantarflexion• Supports transverse arch

ExtrasOrigin –

• Head of fibula• Upper ½ - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface.

Insertion – • Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform.• Lateral side of 1st metatarsal base.

Nerve Supply – • Superficial peroneal nerve.

Adductor LongusLocation –

• Inside of the thighMovement –

• Adduction of the hip• Hip flexion

ExtraOrigin –

• Pubic body just below the pubic crest.

Insertion – • Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera

Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve

Adductor BrevisLocation –

• Inside of thighMovement –

• Adducts hip.• Flexes hip.• Externally rotates hip.

Extras Origin –

• Anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus.

Insertion – • Pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera.

Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve

Adductor MagnusLocation –

• Medial aspect of the thigh.Movement –

• Hip Adduction• Hip Flexion (Horizontal fibers)• Hip Extension (Vertical fibers)

ExtrasOrigin –

• Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity

Insertion – • Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle

Nerve Supply – • Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring portion innervated by tibial nerve (L2, L3, L4)

GracilisLocation – • Inside of the thigh.Movement – • Hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation.

ExtrasOrigin – • Inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus.Insertion – • Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle (Pes Anserinus).Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve.

PectineusLocation –

• Inside of the thigh.Movement –

• Hip Adduction• Hip Flexion

ExtrasOrigin –

• Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis

Insertion – • Pectineal line of femur

Nerve Supply – •Femoral nerve usually, although it may sometimes receive additional innervation from the obturator nerve as well (L2, L3, L4)