multiple stakeholder approaches in the simleza project a process review
TRANSCRIPT
MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDER APPROACHES
In the SIMLEZA Project
A process review
Table of Content
• Innovation Systems Approaches & Platforms• SIMLEZA Stakeholders• Participatory Research and Extension
Approach (PREA)• SIMLEZA Activities towards IP formation
What is an innovation platform (IP)?
• A forum established to facilitate interactions and learning among stakeholders often selected from a commodity chain or system.
• To undertake a participatory diagnosis of problems, joint exploration of opportunities and investigation of solutions leading to the promotion of innovation(s) along the targeted value chain.
• IPs can provide a useful forum to get all players to interact and play their role in the innovation process.
The linear vision of research, extension and development
Researchers conducting formal research in established institutions
Basic research
Strategic research
Applied research
ResearchersExtension agents
Farmers
Technology transfer
Adoption
Knowledge flow
Source: Ekboir et al. (2002); Wall (2007);
Example of an IP
Local participants
R&D Organisations
Bringing partners together
Phase 1: Engaging with stakeholders
Phase 2: Planning, learning and assessing
Phase 3: Ensuring sustainability
Interest
Collaboration
OwnershipLeadership
Leadership
Facilitation
Backstopping
Private Sector
Interest
Collaboration
Commercial opportunity and farmer
support
Tim
e
Community IP District IP
Stakeholder information market
7
NationalDistrict
Community
Mo Agriculture
UNIV
IITA
Mo E
Mo WA
ARIFarmer Assoc
Women group
Seed Assoc
Youth Assoc
Fertiliser agent Market
Clinic
Agric Office
Mo Forestry
= innovation partner = can we involve them?
Mo Health
Seed Company
DEC
Dev Assoc
Health office
EA
Radio
Church
School
CIMMYT
SIMLEZA STAKEHOLDERS CHIPATA Farmers and farmer organisations
Research and development
Commercial/Private
International/regional
CIMMYTIITATotal Land Care
Seed Co
National/Provincial ZARISIMLEZA coordinatorCFU
Zamseed, MRI, Kamano
District Chipata Districts Farmers Association
District Agriculture & Coops Office DAO-Crops Officer
Micro Credit FoundationATS (an Agro-dealer)Zaulimi
Local (Women’s Groups)(Farmer Coop)(Farmers)CAC
BAEOs and CAEOs (Chanje and Chiparamba)
SIMLEZA Approach and Activities
Activity Chipata Katete Lundazi
Community Awareness Meetings 2 2 2
Innovation Systems Workshops (Mid-season) 1 1 1
Field Days 2 2 2
Innovation Systems Workshops (End of season) 1 1 1
Farmer Selection and FTF Extension Workshop 1*
* Stakeholders from other Districts were invited
Bring Stakeholders together at District level and provide training in Participatory Research and Extension Approaches (PREA), and practice these PREA-tools by interacting with the
SIMLEZA communities
Consideroptions
Exchange visits
Participatory Research and Extension Approach
Enteringcommunity build trust
Identifyinglocal organ-
isations
Raisingawareness
Identifying needs &
problems
FeedbackTo
community
Training
Technicalbackstopping
Training
mid-Season
evaluation
Training
Planningfor nextlearning
cycle
PREALearning Cycle
PREA Training
SIMLEZA
Prioritisingneeds andproblems
Actionplanning
Searchingfor
solutions
Mandatinglocal
institutions
Tryingout new
ideas
End of season review
and processmonitoring
YearsY2Y1 Y3 Y4 Y5
PREA process
11
General assumptions:• Farmers are receptive to new ideas• Research and development can provide
information/technologies that lead to cost-effective ways of production
• Success will depend on the approach taken
Extension role is facilitating not teaching– Helping and convincing farmers vs directing– Providing a service not being a instructor– Encouraging farmer-to-farmer extension
Phase 1: Engagement and Social mobilisation• Step 1: Informal discussions with potential partners
– Establishing common interests
• Step 2: Entering the community and building trust– Selecting an area – camp, zone ward, village – Meeting with local leaders– Identifying how the community functions (institutions,
livelihoods)
• Step 3: Identify and analyse community organisations– To find local partners for future activities– Inside and outside community
Camp Agricultural Committee 1Women’s groups growing cowpeas and groundnuts 8
Multi-purpose cooperatives (for fertiliser and maize) 7Village Development committee 4School 1Churches 17JTI 17TLC 22CFU 7Alliance -One 4Cargill 6Dunavant 2Chipata Cotton 9MCF 1COMACO 1SIMLEZA 23
Chanje institutions / farmer involvement (n=23)
Village Dev Co
Women’s groups
CEO
CAC
School
ChurchesJTITLC
CFU
ALL-1
CARGILL
Donovant
Chip ata
MCF
COM ACO
IITA
CIMMYT
ZARI
CHANJE CAMP INSTITUTIONS8 zones
SIMLEZA
BEO
District FAZNFU
Micro-credit
Foundation
Multi purpose Cooperatives
DAO
ZAM SEEDS
ATSSEED CO
Step 4: Providing feedback to the community– Creating transparency and building confidence– Initiating a platform for dialogue within the
community and between partners
Issues• Ensuring community involvement• Clarify roles and expectations• Establishing differences in perception• Agreeing a way forward
Step 5: Raising awareness in the community– Ensuring feed back to and from the platform to
the community• Facilitating an understanding of the existing
situation and opportunities for development• Motivating people to become involved in the
process• Building local confidence and capacity to bring
change
Step 6 – Identifying needs• Identifying and mobilising people’s own
interests and common objectives• Identifying challenges and opportunities
Phase 2a: Community level action planning Step 7: Prioritising problems and needs • Prioritisation by different groups - gender, age or institutional
membership
• Issues / tools– Matrix ranking– A value chain analysis or problem tree to identify real problems
and causes– Different needs – is everyone making a contribution
Chanje crop prioritisation
Crop Men Women Maize 1 1Tobacco 2 2Cotton 3 4Groundnuts 4 3Vegetables 5 7Sugar beans 6 6Sweet potatoes 7 9Sunflowers X 5Soya beans X 7Sweet potatoes - 8
Chanje – problem prioritisationMen Women
Soil fertility/availability of fertiliser 1
Crop pests and diseases 2 2
Lack of markets for crops 3
Low prices for crops produced 4 1
Lack of farm implements (ripper, sprayers etc) 5
Weeds/labour 6 1
Generally low yields 7
Poor quality packaging for marketing 8
Lack of and access to crop chemicals 9
Access to micro-finance 1
High transport costs 3
Access to seed 2
Limited draft power 1
Step 8: Searching for solutions• Identifying a range of solutions suitable for different
groups (value chain analysis)
Issues – Who can assist?
• Visits to research sites, other farmers, • Report backs after such visits
– Blend suggestions from local people with those of outsiders
– Are solutions affordable?– Negotiate what, how and who should try out new
ideas
Step 9: Mandating local institutions• Empowering local organisations through community
mandate• Ensure responsibility and accountabilityIssues
– Which organisations are most suitable?– Who should take the lead?– What institutional strengthening and capacity building
may be required?– What kind of networking is required?– Is their any opposition to the mandate?
Step 10: Action planning• Providing guidance for implementation• Plan to serve as a management tool • Determine resources required• Develop criteria for measuring success• Ensuring all partners know and agree to the plan
Issues • Identify suitable sites, agree what activities, by whom and when • Agree criteria for lead farmer selection, select lead farmers
against criteria• Agree trial plot design, input acquisition• Land preparation, planting, fertilising, weeding etc• Consider competitions between groups/farmers
Research and extension process• Researcher control
• On-station and on-farmer fields
• Identifying “best-bet options”
• In farmers’ fields, farmer ownership with extension facilitation
• Testing adaptation and learning for local suitability
• Farmer ownership, management and control
• Adaptation
• Farmer-to-farmer diffusion
Mothers
Babies (Daughters)
Lead farmers
GranddaughtersSecondary and other
farmers
Phase 2b: Implementation - experimentation Step 11: Trying out new ideas• Encouraging people to learn about new ideas
through experimentation• Using and linking the knowledge of all actors• Enhancing people’s ability to innovate• Generating new options and solutionsIssues• Encouraging maximum local involvement• Providing back up• Organising competitions
Phase 2c: Sharing experiences Step 12: Mid season evaluation
– Assessing how activities are proceeding– Sharing ideas and providing feed back
Issues– Organise an evaluation of field performance
• Award prizes for trial management, number of farmers involved, quality of presentations etc
• Share knowledge amongst farmers– Use matrix ranking to compare treatments
• Build confidence through presentations• Encourage more farmer-to-farmer extension
IP partners Evaluating SIMLEZA
-Achievements-Challenges-Opportunities
During Mid-season Workshops
Soyabean PVS criteria identified in mid season
Criteria Soprano TGX 1835-10E TGX 1740-2F LukangaGermination 3 2 3 3Flowering/early maturity 3 1 3 3Growth rate 3 2 3 3Unformity 3 1 3 2Pod clearance 3 1 3 2Pest/disease resistance 3 3 3 3Lodging 3 2 3 3Potential yield 3 1 3 3Total 24 14 24 23Rank 1= 4 1= 3
• Step 13: End-of-season evaluation– Re-assess findings of mid season evaluations– Compare yields achieved– Participatory budgets– Assess performance against farmer criteria/
indicators
• Step 14: Process review– Review the whole process– Identify strengths, challenges– Analyse lessons learnt
Criteria P1 conventional
P2Dibble stick
P3Dibble stick
Intercrop
P4Dibble stick
P5Only cowpea
Grain yield 1 3 1 2Grain size 1 2 1 2Residue yield 2 3 1 2Plant height 2 3 1 2Vigour 1 2 1 2No lodging 2 3 3 3Weed control 3 3 3 3Total 12 19 11 16Rank 3 1 4 2
CA ranking Vuu
Yield and Gross Income
Unit Unit Cost (zmk)
Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Plot 5 QTY Total cost Qty Total cost Qty Total cost Qty Total cost
Grain Kg 2500 52 130000 69 172500 38 95000 81 202500
Total revenue (A) 130000 172500 95000 202500
Physical costsSeed Kg 11000 2 22000 2 22000 2 22000 2 22000
Basal fertilizer Kg 4000 2 8000 2 8000
Insecticides 500 ml 45000 6 560 6 560 6 560 6 560
Inoculants gram 2 1500 2 1500
B. Total input costs 22560 24060 30560 32060A-B Revenue minus inputs (D.) 107440 148440 64440 170440
A-B per ha (D.) 5372000 7422000 3222000 8522000
Labour Costs
Land preparation Acre 105000 1 4200 1 4200 1 4200 1 4200
Planting 1 2400 1 2400 1 2400 1 2400 Fertilizer application
1 1000 1 1000
1st weeding 1 2400 1 2400 1 2400 1 24002nd weeding 1 2400 1 2400 1 2400 1 2400
Pesticide app. 1 500 1 500 1 500 1 500
Harvesting 1 2000 1 2000 1 2000 1 2000Threshing 2000 2000 2000 2000Transport 1200 1200 1200 1200Total Labour costs (C.) 17100 17100 18100 18100D-C. Net benefits 90340 131340 46340 152340Net Benefit per ha 4517000 6567000 2317000 7617000
Ranking 3 2 4 1
Participatory budget for Soya Agronomy in Vuu Camp
• Step 15: planning for the next learning cycle– Identify new areas which require action– Address new problems which may have emerged
out of the first learning cycle
• Issues– Are the solutions sufficient?– What other areas do we need to tackle
Phase 3: Ensuring sustainability
• Step 16: Ensuring ownership– Continuation of the innovation process
• Step 17: Providing backstopping as required– Ensuring farmers know where to seek assistance
• Step 18: Setting in place new innovations– Scaling up to other communities and through
other institutions
PROCESS SUMMARY• Social mobilisation
– Partner engagement and participation
• Action planning• Experimentation• Assessment and learning• Setting innovations in place / sustainability
Operational level IP rolesOperational IP members (local level) Role
CAC (Chair, Secretary, Treasurer, Com leaders, CBO reps, CEO, NGO)
Local ownership
Overall coordination
Research (Lead) farmers appointed by CBOs
Daughter trials
CEO/NGO Facilitation of PREA process
social mobilisation action planning implementation lesson learning
Research Mother trials and back up to CEO and LF trials
Private sector Input and output marketingTraining
Strategic level IP rolesStrategic IP members (District level) Role
DAO, District FA, CFU, Camp reps overall coordination and scaling upDAO, SAO, BEO, NGO Back up for facilitation of PREA process
social mobilisation action planning implementation lesson learning
Research Mother trials and back up to CEO and LF trials
Private sector Input and output marketingTraining
Thank you!