stakeholder analysis. what is a stakeholder? why stakeholder participation? what is...
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Stakeholder Analysis
What is a stakeholder?
Why stakeholder participation?
What is participation?
Why stakeholder analysis?
How to do a stakeholder analysis?
Some ideas… and introduction to exercises
Stakeholdersare those who have an interest in and/or affected
by a particular decision, either as individuals or representatives of a group. This includes people who influence a decision, or can influence it, as well as those affected by it.
Stakeholder Analysis helps clarify which people and organizations are directly or indirectly involved in or affected by a specific development problem.
It helps identify which groups are supportive and which groups may oppose the project strategy and subsequently obstruct project implementation.
What is a stakeholder?
When to conduct Stakeholder Analysis? 1. Problem Identification – It serves as
mechanism to identify important and influential stakeholders and draws attention on how to involve them in the analytical and planning process
2. A detailed stakeholder analysis carried out during project formulation supports design decisions and risk analysis
3. Continuing stakeholder analysis during project implementation serves to confirm the involvement of each stakeholder, keep track of changing circumstances and interests of stakeholders and plan stakeholder involvement in the evaluation process
Those who are affected by the project… . And those we depend on for its success…
User group – people who use the resources or services in an area
Interest groups – people who have an interest in, or who can affect the use of a resource or service
Beneficiaries of the project/service
Decision-makers
Those often excluded for the decision-making process
Stakeholder grouping – could include…
Ex. Small scale water diversion project…
Use – who uses or benefits from the use of the resources…?
Economics – who may win or lose as a result…?
Mandate – who makes decisions, who has rights…
Proximity – who lives near the resources…
Values – who may have strong beliefs about specific use…?
Stakeholders – who?
Dept. of InfrastructureIrrigation user group
Mining Company
Ministry of health
GovernmentLocal
Local community
Financing institution
Ministry of Finance
Irrigation department
Water supplycompany
NGObiodiversity
Hydropower company
Int. donors
Can we achieve...
sustainability?
Economic
Ecological
Social
Common goal - sustainability
Why stakeholder participation?
Benefits to planners-Good basis for accountability-More information and understanding of context
Benefits to decision-makers-Informed and improved decisions-Legitimacy of governance improved
Benefits to developers-Save costs as issues are identified upfront-Community relations improved -Developers’ image and reputation enhanced
Benefits to civil society-Capacity building and new knowledge through participation-More sustainable development
Improved quality of decision-making (expands the knowledge base for decisions)
Improved credibility and public support (helps to build broad-based consensus)
Improved implementation and monitoring (supplements scarce government resources)
Early warning of potential challenge (identify and address problems at an early stage)
Why stakeholder participation?
Type of participation/Stages in projects
Inform Consult
Partnership
Control
Identification/context analysis
Donor Women Local water authority
Project staff
DesignImplementation and monitoringReviewingEvaluation
Appropriate level of participation for different stakeholders
Participation takes place when stakeholders are part of the decision-making process
Participation requires that stakeholders at all levels of the social structure have an opportunity to participate in the decision-making process
A participatory approach is the only means for achieving long-lasting consensus and common agreement
It is about taking responsibility, engaging and informing
- Global Water Partnership
What is Participation?
The objectives of stakeholder analysis:
Improve the project’s understanding of the needs of those affected by a problem
Reduce, or hopefully remove, potential negative project impacts
Identify who should be encouraged to take part in the project planning and implementation
Identify and reduce risks which might involve identifying possible conflicts of interest and expectation among stakeholders so that conflict is avoided
Why stakeholders analysis?
…the stakeholder analysis seeks to answer:
Who are the key stakeholders? What are their interests and influence?
Develop strategic measures… How should we best engage with
various stakeholders? Who needs their capacity built to be
able to participate meaningfully?
How to do stakeholder analysis?
Anticipate the kind of interest/influence (positive or
negative) the key stakeholders may have on the project.
“Interest” could be described in terms of potential costs and benefits
“Influence” in terms of power/control
How to do stakeholder analysis? Continued…
StakeholdersExample: Rural water supply project
Interest in process/ project
+/-(affected)
Influence on process/ Project
+/-(power)
How to engage?
Stakeholder needs for awareness and/or capacity building
Village women
+ Easy access to clean water+ Direct user- Less social
+ Direct user- Little voice in community
Stakeholder identification , analysis and strategic considerations
High
High
LowInfluence
List of stakeholders
1. X2. X3. X4. X5. X6. X7. X8. X9. X10.X
Interest
1
10
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Group work – map stakeholders
High
LowInfluence
High
Interest
Map stakeholders
High
LowInfluence
High
Interest
Key players:
Very interested in the project, and high impact on decision-making
Map stakeholders
High
LowInfluence
High
Interest
Key subjects:
Very interested in the project, but little influence
Less impact on Decision-making
Map stakeholders
High
LowInfluence
High
Interest
Key setters:
Not so interested in the project, but has high influence.
Impact on decision making Could be a risk?
Map stakeholders
High
LowInfluence
High
Interest
CrowdLess important
Map stakeholders
Group Exercise (20 min)
Identify the five most important stakeholders in your Change Project
List their main interests and influence
Insert them in the Stakeholder Map
Present group output
Exercise 1
No information-Culture of secrecy
Sufficient information accessible-Open door policy
-Fears-Mistrust
-Understanding -Trust
-Conflict -Cooperation-Joint problem solving-Better decisions
TIP #1 – Information provision to stakeholders
Early engagement of stakeholders
Transparency and honesty
Independent facilitation
Special efforts for marginalized people
Accessibility (information, venues, comments)
Ongoing feedback and fairness
TIP #2 – Good practice of stakeholder participation
Stakeholders are not only those who shout the loudest. Those who are often excluded from the decision-making process due to age, gender or ethnicity are those who are most likely to lose out if they are not included in the project planning.
We need to think about how to ensure that these stakeholders are also involved…
But… very seldom… people are powerless… and they have responsibility to engage themselves
TIP #3 – Stakeholders – who…?
The objectives of stakeholder analysis: Assist in assessment of how project objectives and activities relate to
the different interests of various people, groups and organizations. Give information about how different groups will be affected by (and
potentially react on) the project – and thus assist in identifying critical points that might endanger the anticipated outcome.
Identify and assess the importance of key people, groups and organizations that may significantly influence (positive or negative) the success of the project.
Provide the basis for developing strategies to get the most effective support possible for the initiative and reduce any obstacles to successful implementation
Provide the basis for developing strong communications, education and outreach material, for preventing conflicts, and for developing strategic relations throughout project development and implementation.
TIP #4 – Why stakeholders analysis?