Multi Engine Multi Engine Commercial ReviewCommercial Review

By: Graham Johnson DPEBy: Graham Johnson DPE

Where Do the Questions Come Where Do the Questions Come From?From?

► They all come from the PTSThey all come from the PTS► Task ItemsTask Items

Certificates & DocumentsCertificates & Documents Airworthiness RequirementsAirworthiness Requirements Weather InformationWeather Information Cross Country Flight PlanningCross Country Flight Planning National Airspace SystemNational Airspace System Performance & LimitationsPerformance & Limitations Operations of SystemsOperations of Systems Principles of Flight- Engine Inoperative Principles of Flight- Engine Inoperative Aeromedical FactorsAeromedical Factors

Examination GuideExamination Guide

►The purpose of this guide is to help The purpose of this guide is to help highlight the applicable areas of highlight the applicable areas of knowledge for this exam. knowledge for this exam.

► It is not a complete list of topics, but It is not a complete list of topics, but covers those that seem to have covers those that seem to have confusion or are what I deem as confusion or are what I deem as important to the exam.important to the exam.

►The final guidance for all exams is the The final guidance for all exams is the appropriate PTS.appropriate PTS.

Certificates and DocumentsCertificates and Documents

►Commercial Pilot Privileges & Commercial Pilot Privileges & LimitationsLimitations

►Currency RequirementsCurrency Requirements►Pilot Certificates and MedicalsPilot Certificates and Medicals►Airplane DocumentsAirplane Documents

Commercial Pilot PrivilegesCommercial Pilot Privileges

► Common CarriageCommon Carriage is a person or company that transports goods or people for is a person or company that transports goods or people for

any person or company and that is responsible for any any person or company and that is responsible for any possible loss of the goods during transport. A common possible loss of the goods during transport. A common carrier offers its services to the general public under carrier offers its services to the general public under license or authority provided by a regulatory body. The license or authority provided by a regulatory body. The regulatory body has usually been granted “ministerial regulatory body has usually been granted “ministerial authority” by the legislation which created it. The authority” by the legislation which created it. The regulatory body may create, interpret, and enforce its regulatory body may create, interpret, and enforce its regulations upon the common carrier (subject to judicial regulations upon the common carrier (subject to judicial review) with independence and finality, as long as it acts review) with independence and finality, as long as it acts within the bounds of the enabling legislation. within the bounds of the enabling legislation.

► Holding OutHolding Out The process of deliberating on an offer. Also advertising The process of deliberating on an offer. Also advertising

for a service. for a service. ► 14CFR119.114CFR119.1

Currency RequirementsCurrency Requirements

►3 Landings within Preceding 90 Days3 Landings within Preceding 90 Days►Full Stop for Night or Tail wheelFull Stop for Night or Tail wheel► If using Instrument PrivilegesIf using Instrument Privileges

6-6-HIT6-6-HIT►6 months 6 approaches holding intercepting 6 months 6 approaches holding intercepting

trackingtracking

Airplane DocumentsAirplane Documents

►A.R.R.O.W.A.R.R.O.W. Airworthiness CertificateAirworthiness Certificate Registration CertificateRegistration Certificate Radio License (International Operations)Radio License (International Operations) Operating Limitations (POH/AFM, Placards Operating Limitations (POH/AFM, Placards

& Markings)& Markings) Weight and Balance Data for Specific Weight and Balance Data for Specific

AircraftAircraft

Airplane Documents Airplane Documents ContinuedContinued

►What Actions are Required to Maintain What Actions are Required to Maintain an Airworthiness Certificatean Airworthiness Certificate

►A.V.I.A.T.E.A.V.I.A.T.E. Annual InspectionAnnual Inspection VOR CheckVOR Check Pitot Static System InspectionPitot Static System Inspection Airworthiness DirectivesAirworthiness Directives Transponder InspectionTransponder Inspection ELT InspectionELT Inspection

MEL’sMEL’s

►What is an MEL?What is an MEL? Minimum Equipment ListMinimum Equipment List List of Stuff that can be broken and us still List of Stuff that can be broken and us still

be legal to flybe legal to fly

►How do we obtain an MEL?How do we obtain an MEL? AC 91-67AC 91-67

►What Do we use instead?What Do we use instead? 91.213(d)91.213(d)

Weather InformationWeather Information

►METAR, TAF, Area ForecastMETAR, TAF, Area Forecast►Surface Analysis ChartSurface Analysis Chart►Radar Summary ChartRadar Summary Chart►Winds and Temperature Aloft ChartWinds and Temperature Aloft Chart►Significant Weather Prognostic ChartsSignificant Weather Prognostic Charts►Convective Outlook ChartConvective Outlook Chart

Text Weather ProductsText Weather Products

►Be able to decodeBe able to decode►Know issuance times and valid times Know issuance times and valid times

for each productfor each product

Graphic Weather ProductsGraphic Weather Products

►Why do we want to look at these Why do we want to look at these chartscharts

►Valid Times Valid Times ► Issuance TimesIssuance Times►SymbolsSymbols►What is the chart telling me?What is the chart telling me?

Surface Analysis ChartSurface Analysis Chart

Radar Summary ChartRadar Summary Chart

Significant Weather Prognostic Significant Weather Prognostic ChartsCharts

Convective Outlook ChartConvective Outlook Chart

Cross Country Flight PlanningCross Country Flight Planning

►Why chose the route you choseWhy chose the route you chose►Top of Climb CalculationsTop of Climb Calculations

How to Adjust for WindHow to Adjust for Wind

►Knowledge on the use of all aircraft Knowledge on the use of all aircraft performance chartsperformance charts

National Airspace SystemNational Airspace System

►Class A, B, C, D, E Class A, B, C, D, E Cloud and Weather RequirementsCloud and Weather Requirements Identify on ChartIdentify on Chart Special Use Special Use

►MOA, MTR, Restricted, ProhibitedMOA, MTR, Restricted, Prohibited

SystemsSystems

► Flight ControlsFlight Controls► FlapsFlaps► Engine & PropellerEngine & Propeller► Landing GearLanding Gear► Fuel, Oil, HydraulicFuel, Oil, Hydraulic► ElectricalElectrical► AvionicsAvionics► Pitot StaticPitot Static► EnvironmentalEnvironmental► Deicing and Anti IcingDeicing and Anti Icing

SystemsSystems

►Must have the ability to explain overall Must have the ability to explain overall operation of systemsoperation of systems

►Understand the individual components Understand the individual components of the system and what their role is in of the system and what their role is in the systemthe system

►Basic understanding of Basic understanding of troubleshootingtroubleshooting

Pressurization SystemsPressurization Systems

►How do most general aviation How do most general aviation airplanes get pressurizationairplanes get pressurization

►What are the major components of the What are the major components of the systemsystem Outflow Valve, Safety ValveOutflow Valve, Safety Valve

►What 3 additional flight instruments What 3 additional flight instruments does a pressurized airplane havedoes a pressurized airplane have

O2 SystemsO2 Systems

►Altitude Requirements for O2 UseAltitude Requirements for O2 Use►What is a Quick Donning Mask?What is a Quick Donning Mask?►What 3 Types of Mask are availableWhat 3 Types of Mask are available►What altitude ranges are the masks What altitude ranges are the masks

good forgood for

Engine InoperativeEngine InoperativeDefinitions:Definitions:

VMC is the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical VMC is the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control of the airplane with that engine still inoperative, and thereafter of the airplane with that engine still inoperative, and thereafter maintain straight flight at the same speed with an angle of bank of not maintain straight flight at the same speed with an angle of bank of not more than five degrees. The method used to simulate critical engine more than five degrees. The method used to simulate critical engine failure must represent the most critical mode of power plant failure failure must represent the most critical mode of power plant failure expected in service with respect to controllability. (23.149 (a))expected in service with respect to controllability. (23.149 (a))

At VMC the rudder pedal force required to maintain control At VMC the rudder pedal force required to maintain control must not exceed 150 pounds and it must not be necessary to reduce must not exceed 150 pounds and it must not be necessary to reduce power on the operative engine(s). During the maneuver, the airplane power on the operative engine(s). During the maneuver, the airplane must not assume any dangerous attitude and it must be possible to must not assume any dangerous attitude and it must be possible to prevent a heading change of more than 20 degrees. (23.149 (e))prevent a heading change of more than 20 degrees. (23.149 (e))

Critical Engine is the engine, which if it is made suddenly Critical Engine is the engine, which if it is made suddenly inoperative has the greatest negative effect on aircraft directional inoperative has the greatest negative effect on aircraft directional control.control.

Spiraling SlipstreamSpiraling Slipstream

►Doesn’t Come Into Play in the DuchessDoesn’t Come Into Play in the Duchess►Or Any Light Twin that I know of…Or Any Light Twin that I know of…

Aeromedical FactorsAeromedical Factors

►HypoxiaHypoxia►HyperventilationHyperventilation►Middle Ear and Sinus ProblemsMiddle Ear and Sinus Problems►Spatial DisorientationSpatial Disorientation►Motion SicknessMotion Sickness►Carbon Monoxide PoisoningCarbon Monoxide Poisoning►Stress and FatigueStress and Fatigue►DehydrationDehydration

Aeromedical Factors Aeromedical Factors ContinuedContinued

►HypoxiaHypoxia SymptomsSymptoms How to IdentifyHow to Identify Different TypesDifferent Types Corrective ActionsCorrective Actions

Aeromedical Factors Aeromedical Factors ContinuedContinued

►HyperventilationHyperventilation SymptomsSymptoms How to IdentifyHow to Identify CuresCures

Aeromedical Factors Aeromedical Factors ContinuedContinued

► Spatial DisorientationSpatial Disorientation I.C.E.F.L.A.G.G.S.I.C.E.F.L.A.G.G.S.

► InversionInversion►CoriolisCoriolis►ElevatorElevator►False HorizonFalse Horizon►LeansLeans►Auto kinesisAuto kinesis►Graveyard SpiralGraveyard Spiral►Graveyard SpinGraveyard Spin►Somatogravic Somatogravic