mulching
DESCRIPTION
For more information: Mr. Eliezer Kaynan Mail: [email protected] Skype: Elikay1TRANSCRIPT
Plastic Mulch
Presentation at AMI conference
Barcelona Spain
November 2010
Eliezer Kaynan Naksan Plastik
Water
Land
Capital
The three basic inputs for agriculture
Capital is available depending on fiscal
policy of the government.
Land is plentiful of varying quality.
Water – there is a world shortage of potable water and fresh water for irrigation.
Water shortage solutions
Desalination – cost and boron
Reduction in cultivated land
Recycle urban waste water- degree of filtration -:primary, secondary, and tertiary.
The use of recycled waterproblems-:
Direct contact between the harvested fruit and recycled water – transmission of diseases.
Salinity – chlorides and sodium residues.
The ideal solution
Reduce the problems of salinity
Create a physical barrier between the crop and the water
Increase the efficiency of irrigation – more kilograms of fruit per liter.
Plastic Mulch
The use of plastic mulch is well known in
row crops in open field cultivation.
Here I want to show the advantages of the use of plastic mulch in intensive
agriculture, in greenhouses and orchards .
Choosing the right mulch
Soil temp at 10 cm depth
Water-melon
Yield under clear plastic 30 tons per hectare
Yield under silver/black plastic 90 tons per hectare
A Trial to evaluate the influence of reflective mulch
on the cultivation of greenhouse cucumbers during
the summer season in Ahituv farm 2001
Yigal Meron, Ami Gips, Eliezer Kaynan
Silver black mulch the width of the span
No mulch
% Total 10 – 16/10
2 – 8/10 20 – 30/9
10 – 18/9
4 -8/9 Date
100 7335 B 1417 B 1253 B 2280 B 1766.6 A
618 B Bare soil
126 9254 A 1678 A 1591 A 2811 A 1911.6 A 1261 A mulched
Yield
Number of fruit
% Total 10 – 16/10
2 – 8/10 20 – 30/9
10 – 18/9
4 -8/9 Date
100 27.57B 4.91 A 4.65 B 8.31 B 7.46 A 2.26 B Bare soil
123 33.91A 5.47 A 5.85 A 10.15 A 7.6 A 4.8 A mulched
Fruit weight
Total 10 – 16/10 2 – 8/10 20 – 30/9 10 – 18/9 4 -8/9 Date
105.9 B 108.7 A 107.1 B 106.4 B 94.68 A 110.8 A Bare soil
109 A 123.1 A 109.1 A 110.7 A 100.2 A 105 A mulched
The contributing factors to the increased yield
• Added reflected light to enhance photosynthesis
( 28 %)• Soil water tension was reduced thus enabling an
easier uptake of water and nutrients, leading to increased turgidity of the fruit.
• The reflected light deterred insects and thereby delayed the infestation of the plants with viral diseases born by aphids and bemisia tabacci, the foliage remained green and effective for a longer period resulting in more and bigger fruit.
The effect on soil moisture
Mercury tensiometer
extractor
Electronic tensiometer
Monitoring station
י פו חי חלקת
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
08/1
4/02
08:
26:0
3.0
08/1
4/02
13:
06:0
3.0
08/1
4/02
17:
46:0
3.0
08/1
4/02
22:
26:0
3.0
08/1
5/02
03:
06:0
3.0
08/1
5/02
07:
46:0
3.0
08/1
5/02
12:
26:0
3.0
08/1
5/02
17:
06:0
3.0
08/1
5/02
21:
46:0
3.0
08/1
6/02
02:
26:0
3.0
08/1
6/02
07:
06:0
3.0
08/1
6/02
11:
46:0
3.0
08/1
6/02
16:
26:0
3.0
08/1
6/02
21:
06:0
3.0
08/1
7/02
01:
46:0
3.0
08/1
7/02
06:
26:0
3.0
08/1
7/02
11:
06:0
3.0
08/1
7/02
15:
46:0
3.0
08/1
7/02
20:
26:0
3.0
08/1
8/02
01:
06:0
3.0
08/1
8/02
05:
46:0
3.0
08/1
8/02
10:
26:0
3.0
08/1
8/02
15:
06:0
3.0
08/1
8/02
19:
46:0
3.0
08/1
9/02
00:
26:0
3.0
08/1
9/02
05:
06:0
3.0
08/1
9/02
09:
46:0
3.0
08/1
9/02
14:
26:0
3.0
08/1
9/02
19:
06:0
3.0
08/1
9/02
23:
46:0
3.0
08/2
0/02
04:
26:0
3.0
08/2
0/02
09:
06:0
3.0
08/2
0/02
13:
46:0
3.0
08/2
0/02
18:
26:0
3.0
08/2
0/02
23:
06:0
3.0
08/2
1/02
03:
46:0
3.0
08/2
1/02
08:
26:0
3.0
08/2
1/02
13:
06:0
3.0
08/2
1/02
17:
46:0
3.0
08/2
1/02
22:
26:0
3.0
08/2
2/02
03:
06:0
3.0
08/2
2/02
07:
46:0
3.0
ס"מ 15 ומטר טנסי ס"מ 40 ומטר טנסי
With Mulch
-15 cms - 40 cms
י פו חי ללא חלקה
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
08/1
4/02
08:
34:4
0.0
08/1
4/02
13:
24:4
0.0
08/1
4/02
18:
14:4
0.0
08/1
4/02
23:
04:4
0.0
08/1
5/02
03:
54:4
0.0
08/1
5/02
08:
44:4
0.0
08/1
5/02
13:
34:4
0.0
08/1
5/02
18:
24:4
0.0
08/1
5/02
23:
14:4
0.0
08/1
6/02
04:
04:4
0.0
08/1
6/02
08:
54:4
0.0
08/1
6/02
13:
44:4
0.0
08/1
6/02
18:
34:4
0.0
08/1
6/02
23:
24:4
0.0
08/1
7/02
04:
14:4
0.0
08/1
7/02
09:
04:4
0.0
08/1
7/02
13:
54:4
0.0
08/1
7/02
18:
44:4
0.0
08/1
7/02
23:
34:4
0.0
08/1
8/02
04:
24:4
0.0
08/1
8/02
09:
14:4
0.0
08/1
8/02
14:
04:4
0.0
08/1
8/02
18:
54:4
0.0
08/1
8/02
23:
44:4
0.0
08/1
9/02
04:
34:4
0.0
08/1
9/02
09:
24:4
0.0
08/1
9/02
14:
14:4
0.0
08/1
9/02
19:
04:4
0.0
08/1
9/02
23:
54:4
0.0
08/2
0/02
04:
44:4
0.0
08/2
0/02
09:
34:4
0.0
08/2
0/02
14:
24:4
0.0
08/2
0/02
19:
14:4
0.0
08/2
1/02
00:
04:4
0.0
08/2
1/02
04:
54:4
0.0
08/2
1/02
09:
44:4
0.0
08/2
1/02
14:
34:4
0.0
08/2
1/02
19:
24:4
0.0
08/2
2/02
00:
14:4
0.0
08/2
2/02
05:
04:4
0.0
ס"מ 15 ומטר טנסי ס"מ 40 ומטר טנסי
Without Mulch
15 cms - 40 cms
With mulch
Tomato
Flowers
Silver Black mulch Blight without mulch
The next stage
To reach an optimal tension for irrigation
To control irrigation through the computer
OrchardsOrchards
Trials that were conducted in
citrus
Fertilizer and EC
40 cms from the trunk One meter from the trunk
60-90 30-60 0-30 60-90 30-60 0-30 units test treatment
2.7 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.6 milimos EC
530 243 183 254 247 248 ppm Cl Without mulch
15.6 9.9 7.8 6.6 2.9 1.4 miliequiv Na 100% water
36.7 42 73.5 16.4 28.7 23.8 NO3 N
15 44.9 67 48.1 18.2 14.5 ppm P
48 115 126 65 88 83 ppm K
1.9 1.7 1.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 milimos EC
327 305 303 116 101 227 ppm Cl With mulch
10.7 10.4 5.4 2.4 2.3 4.3 miliequiv Na 75% water
35.3 38.8 34.3 7 7.3 5.9 NO3 N
4.4 3.8 9 16.1 8.2 7.3 ppm P
39 62 62 83 50 48 ppm K
Pomegranates
One meter on each side of the row
No mulch
Results in first season
Pomegranates
Total fruit for export from representative trees
%Mechanical
damage % Sunburn No. of fruit
26.3% 5 10.5% 2 19 With mulch
36.8% 7 47.4% 9 19 Without mulch
Note the reduction in sunburn!!
Newly planted
pomegranate trees
3.17
2.52
1.541.24
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
MULCH CONTROL
םונ
לד
בטוןל
בוי
4243444546474849505152
%Y
ield
per
du
nam
Total
Total
LargeLarge
Persimons
Apricot
peaches
Grape vines
Shallow root system
Avocado
Varieties Control kg/d Mulched kg/d
Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
Etinger 3617 4624 1007 27.8
Haas 1822 2023 201 11.1
Reed 7002 8149 1147 11.6
BL 6175 7067 892 11.4
Cumulative yields at Gaaton for the 3 seasons 2006, 2007, 2008
Varieties Control kg/d Mulched kg/d Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
Pinkerton 924 1168 224 24
Fruit size Control kg/d Mulched kg/d Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
>=16 686 668 -18 -2
<=18 238 467 229 96
Varieties Control kg/d Mulched kg/d Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
Pinkerton 2144 2503 359 17
The yield for the season 2008/9
Fruit size for the season 2008/9
Cumulative Yield 2007/8 and 2008/9
Kfar Hanasi
Thank you for your attention!!