Download - Mulching
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Plastic Mulch
Presentation at AMI conference
Barcelona Spain
November 2010
Eliezer Kaynan Naksan Plastik
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Water
Land
Capital
The three basic inputs for agriculture
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Capital is available depending on fiscal
policy of the government.
Land is plentiful of varying quality.
Water – there is a world shortage of potable water and fresh water for irrigation.
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Water shortage solutions
Desalination – cost and boron
Reduction in cultivated land
Recycle urban waste water- degree of filtration -:primary, secondary, and tertiary.
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The use of recycled waterproblems-:
Direct contact between the harvested fruit and recycled water – transmission of diseases.
Salinity – chlorides and sodium residues.
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The ideal solution
Reduce the problems of salinity
Create a physical barrier between the crop and the water
Increase the efficiency of irrigation – more kilograms of fruit per liter.
Plastic Mulch
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The use of plastic mulch is well known in
row crops in open field cultivation.
Here I want to show the advantages of the use of plastic mulch in intensive
agriculture, in greenhouses and orchards .
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Choosing the right mulch
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Soil temp at 10 cm depth
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Water-melon
Yield under clear plastic 30 tons per hectare
Yield under silver/black plastic 90 tons per hectare
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A Trial to evaluate the influence of reflective mulch
on the cultivation of greenhouse cucumbers during
the summer season in Ahituv farm 2001
Yigal Meron, Ami Gips, Eliezer Kaynan
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Silver black mulch the width of the span
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No mulch
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% Total 10 – 16/10
2 – 8/10 20 – 30/9
10 – 18/9
4 -8/9 Date
100 7335 B 1417 B 1253 B 2280 B 1766.6 A
618 B Bare soil
126 9254 A 1678 A 1591 A 2811 A 1911.6 A 1261 A mulched
Yield
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Number of fruit
% Total 10 – 16/10
2 – 8/10 20 – 30/9
10 – 18/9
4 -8/9 Date
100 27.57B 4.91 A 4.65 B 8.31 B 7.46 A 2.26 B Bare soil
123 33.91A 5.47 A 5.85 A 10.15 A 7.6 A 4.8 A mulched
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Fruit weight
Total 10 – 16/10 2 – 8/10 20 – 30/9 10 – 18/9 4 -8/9 Date
105.9 B 108.7 A 107.1 B 106.4 B 94.68 A 110.8 A Bare soil
109 A 123.1 A 109.1 A 110.7 A 100.2 A 105 A mulched
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The contributing factors to the increased yield
• Added reflected light to enhance photosynthesis
( 28 %)• Soil water tension was reduced thus enabling an
easier uptake of water and nutrients, leading to increased turgidity of the fruit.
• The reflected light deterred insects and thereby delayed the infestation of the plants with viral diseases born by aphids and bemisia tabacci, the foliage remained green and effective for a longer period resulting in more and bigger fruit.
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The effect on soil moisture
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Mercury tensiometer
extractor
Electronic tensiometer
Monitoring station
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י פו חי חלקת
0
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08/1
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06:0
3.0
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17:
46:0
3.0
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22:
26:0
3.0
08/1
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03:
06:0
3.0
08/1
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07:
46:0
3.0
08/1
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12:
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3.0
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06:0
3.0
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21:
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11:
06:0
3.0
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3.0
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3.0
08/1
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01:
06:0
3.0
08/1
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05:
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08/1
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10:
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23:
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08/2
1/02
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06:0
3.0
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1/02
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3.0
08/2
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22:
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3.0
08/2
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06:0
3.0
08/2
2/02
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46:0
3.0
ס"מ 15 ומטר טנסי ס"מ 40 ומטר טנסי
With Mulch
-15 cms - 40 cms
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י פו חי ללא חלקה
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ס"מ 15 ומטר טנסי ס"מ 40 ומטר טנסי
Without Mulch
15 cms - 40 cms
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With mulch
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Tomato
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Flowers
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Silver Black mulch Blight without mulch
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The next stage
To reach an optimal tension for irrigation
To control irrigation through the computer
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OrchardsOrchards
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Trials that were conducted in
citrus
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Fertilizer and EC
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40 cms from the trunk One meter from the trunk
60-90 30-60 0-30 60-90 30-60 0-30 units test treatment
2.7 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.6 milimos EC
530 243 183 254 247 248 ppm Cl Without mulch
15.6 9.9 7.8 6.6 2.9 1.4 miliequiv Na 100% water
36.7 42 73.5 16.4 28.7 23.8 NO3 N
15 44.9 67 48.1 18.2 14.5 ppm P
48 115 126 65 88 83 ppm K
1.9 1.7 1.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 milimos EC
327 305 303 116 101 227 ppm Cl With mulch
10.7 10.4 5.4 2.4 2.3 4.3 miliequiv Na 75% water
35.3 38.8 34.3 7 7.3 5.9 NO3 N
4.4 3.8 9 16.1 8.2 7.3 ppm P
39 62 62 83 50 48 ppm K
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Pomegranates
One meter on each side of the row
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No mulch
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Results in first season
Pomegranates
Total fruit for export from representative trees
%Mechanical
damage % Sunburn No. of fruit
26.3% 5 10.5% 2 19 With mulch
36.8% 7 47.4% 9 19 Without mulch
Note the reduction in sunburn!!
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Newly planted
pomegranate trees
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3.17
2.52
1.541.24
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
MULCH CONTROL
םונ
לד
בטוןל
בוי
4243444546474849505152
%Y
ield
per
du
nam
Total
Total
LargeLarge
Persimons
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Apricot
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peaches
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Grape vines
Shallow root system
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Avocado
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Varieties Control kg/d Mulched kg/d
Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
Etinger 3617 4624 1007 27.8
Haas 1822 2023 201 11.1
Reed 7002 8149 1147 11.6
BL 6175 7067 892 11.4
Cumulative yields at Gaaton for the 3 seasons 2006, 2007, 2008
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Varieties Control kg/d Mulched kg/d Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
Pinkerton 924 1168 224 24
Fruit size Control kg/d Mulched kg/d Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
>=16 686 668 -18 -2
<=18 238 467 229 96
Varieties Control kg/d Mulched kg/d Increment in yield kg
Increment in yield %
Pinkerton 2144 2503 359 17
The yield for the season 2008/9
Fruit size for the season 2008/9
Cumulative Yield 2007/8 and 2008/9
Kfar Hanasi
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Thank you for your attention!!