mt. 3, lt. 1 – supreme court interpretations of the bill of rights
DESCRIPTION
MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment. Freedom of Religion. Establishment Clause. Free Exercise Clause. Religious Belief = complete freedom Religious Practice = may be restricted. Wall of Separation between Church & State. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights
The First Amendment
![Page 2: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Freedom of Religion
EstablishmentClause
Free Exercise Clause
Wall of Separation between Church & State
Religious Belief = complete freedomReligious Practice = may be restricted
Example = no mandatory prayer in schools
Example = refusing to say the Pledge of Allegiance
![Page 3: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Public Religious Displays
Vaccinations
Evolution vs.Creationism
Marriage
![Page 4: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Freedom of Speech
“Pure” Speech “Symbolic” Speech
Spoken or written thoughts, words, or ideas
Symbols, slogans, artwork, clothing, songs, gestures, etc.
EXCPET – slander or defamatory language = (false + harmful)
EXCEPT – speech creating a “clear and present” danger
![Page 5: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Symbolic Speech
“Hate” Speech
![Page 6: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Freedom of the Press
No “Prior Restraint”
No censorship or restriction on what is published
EXCEPT = libelous statements or false advertising (false + harmful)
EXCEPT = threats to national security (“leaking” information)
![Page 7: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
No Censorship
False Advertising
National Security
![Page 8: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Right to Assemble
Right to Protest Freedom of Association
Protesting government actions (demonstrations, marches , etc.)
Right to join or form groups or organizations
EXCEPT = Time or place restrictions, public safety, private property, etc.
EXCEPT = terrorist or criminal organizations
![Page 9: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Time & Place
Not Content
Public Access
![Page 10: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Interpretations of the First Amendment First Amendment is usually given a “preferred position”
Freedom of expression is only limited when absolutely necessary
This is necessary for a free and democratic government
Unpopular beliefs and opinions must also be protected
Fundamental rights will often conflict with each other
Supreme Court has ultimate say in how rights are applied
![Page 11: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights
The Fourteenth Amendment
DiscriminationTreating a person or group unfairly
solely based on race, religion, sex, etc.
![Page 12: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Equal Protection
Government cannot make unreasonable distinctions among groups of people
• Government can make some distinctions
• Inequalities can and do exist• For example, colleges only
admit those who are qualified
![Page 13: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rational Basis
Laws must show a good reason to justify a
classification
• A law prohibiting women from driving has no rational basis
• (Women are actually safer drivers than men)
• A law requiring a vision test might discriminate against he blind, but it is necessary for public safety
![Page 14: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Suspect Classifications
Classifications based on race or national origin are
“suspect”
• Laws requiring separate seating for African Americans were based on race and were therefore suspect• Laws designating certain areas
for smokers are based on a behavior that can threaten public health
• Therefore, it is not suspect
![Page 15: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fundamental Rights
Classifications are less likely when a fundamental right is
involved
• The right to vote is a fundamental right
• Limits on the right to vote (like poll taxes & literacy tests) have been found unconstitutional
• Driving is considered a privilege• Driving tests, vision tests, and
registration fees are okay under the law
![Page 16: MT. 3, LT. 1 – Supreme Court Interpretations of the Bill of Rights](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815e8e550346895dcd1f2a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Intent to Discriminate
Classifications must show an intent to discriminate
• Physical requirements for firefighters might exclude more women than men
• But there is no intent to discriminate against women
• Laws that segregated schools and colleges were clearly meant to discriminate against African-Americans