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    TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITYINSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

    COURSE OUTLINES

    M. SC. ENGINEERINGIN

    ENERGY SYSTEMS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT(MS-ESPM)

    September 2012

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Contents

    1. INTRODUCTION .................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ......... 4

    2. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ..... 42.1 Program entry requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 4

    2.2 Entrance Test.................................................................................................................................................................. 4

    2.3 Selection ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

    2.4 Categories of Students ................................................................................................................................................... 4

    2.5 Duration of Study ............................................................................................................................................................ 53. COURSE STRUCTURE/SYSTEM ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... . 5

    4. COURSE OVERVIEW ..................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... .................... 5

    4.1 Core and Elective Courses ............................................................................................................................................. 6

    4.2 Group Project Work ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

    4.3 Dissertation /Master's Thesis .......................................................................................................................................... 6

    5. CREDIT SYSTEM ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ..... 6

    6. EVALUATION SYSTEM ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ................ 6

    7. COURSE CODE .................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ......... 7

    8. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS .................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ......... 7

    9. QUALIFYING CRITERIA ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ................ 7

    10. REGISTRATION ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... . 7

    11. MARK DISTRIBUTION IN EACH COURSE PER SEMESTER ................... ...................... ...................... ................... 8

    12. COURSE OUTLINE ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... .............. 10

    12.1 EG802ME: Energy Economics & International Energy Markets .................... ..................... ...................... .......... 10

    12.2 EG803ME: Operation Research /Management Science ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... 10

    12.3 EG804ME: Thermo-Fluid Engineering .................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ....... 10

    12.4 EG805ME: Energy Resources ............................................................................................................................... 10

    12.5 EG851ME: Energy System Planning ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ....... 10

    12.6 EG852ME: Energy Financial Management .................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... 10

    12.7 EG853ME: Climate Change and Its Impact on Energy Sector ................... ...................... ...................... ............. 11

    12.8 EG854ME: Hydropower Engineering and Development ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... 11

    12.9 EG855ME (Elective-1): .................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ....... 11

    12.9.1 Power Plant Technology ..................................................................................................................................... 11

    12.9.2 Renewable Energy System Technology ............................................................................................................. 11

    12.9.3 Maintenance and Refurbishment of Hydro Power Plant ...................... ...................... ..................... .................. 11

    12.9.4 Power System Dynamics and Stability ................................................................................................................ 11

    12.9.5 Power System Control and Operation ................................................................................................................. 12

    12.9.6 Power Transmission and Distribution .................................................................................................................. 12

    12.10 EG901ME: Energy Systems Modeling and Analysis ..................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ... 12

    12.11 EG902ME: Energy Strategy, Energy Policy & Regulations ..................................... ...................... .................... 12

    12.12 EG903ME: Energy Project Development and Social Sector Management ..................... ..................... .............. 12

    12.13 EG905ME (Elective-2): 4 Credits ......................................................................................................................... 12

    12.13.1 Human Resources Management ...................................................................................................................... 12

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    12.13.2 Electricity Economics and Planning .................................................................................................................. 13

    12.13.3 Energy Efficiency and Audit .............................................................................................................................. 13

    12.13.4 Reliability & Risk Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 13

    12.13.5 Environment Impact Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 13

    12.14 EG951XY Dissertation /Thesis work ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... 13

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    2.5 Duration of Study

    A regular student should complete the course within four years. Each student must take a minimum of 62 credits. Students

    may take more than 62 credits but the excess credit will not be counted for.

    3. COURSE STRUCTURE/SYSTEMThis Master Course focuses on the planning, designing, policy making and management of energy systems and formulating

    strategies. The program is structured with an objective to produce graduates who will have in-depth knowledge of energy

    system planning, analysis and formulating strategies so that they have capability to accept both technical and management

    responsibilities. An important influence is real life problem based learning including case studies and problem solving with

    quantitative and qualitative models including commercial modeling software.

    The course structure is based on the Semester system. The detailed course structure, examination scheme, marks, etc. are

    listed in detailed course structure sheet.

    Each Year is divided in first and second Semester. In first year first semester, five core courses are offered and in secondsemester, four core courses related to energy planning, management and development are offered. Six different elective

    subjects are offered in second semester and students can opt for one of them. The second year, first semester consists of

    four compulsory subjects including one group projects. Six electives from different fields are offered in this semester and

    students can opt for one of them. The second year second semester is entirely allocated for dissertation work. The

    dissertation shall be individual's work and be extensive and normally field based. Students shall be encouraged to publish

    research papers in national and international journals as a outcome of their dissertation work.

    4. COURSE OVERVIEWSemester 1 Semester 2 Semester 3 Semester 4

    Applied Statistics &Research Methodology (3Credit)Core General course

    Energy System Planning(3 Credit)Core Energy PlanningCourse

    Energy System Modeling andAnalysis (3 Credit)Core Energy Modeling Course

    Dissertation / Thesiswork (16 Credit)

    Energy Economics &International Energy Markets(3 Credit)Core Energy Course

    Energy FinancialManagement (3 Credit) CoreManagement Course

    Energy Strategy, Energy Policy&Regulation(3 Credit)Core Planning Course

    Operation Research(3 Credit)Core Management Course

    Climate Change and ItsImpact on Energy Sector (3Credit)Core Environment Course

    Energy Project Development &Management (3 Credit )Core Project ManagementCourse

    Thermo-fluid (3 Credit) CoreTechnology Course Hydropower Engineering &Development(3 Credit)Core Power Plant Course

    Group Projects (2 Credit)

    Energy Resources(3 Credit )Core Energy Course

    Elective -I (4 Credit) Elective -II (4 Credit )

    Note:

    1. Total Credit = 62 Credits.

    2. Course work , directed study and projects = 46 Credits

    3. Dissertation = 16 Credits

    4. Six electives are offered in first year second semester and other six electives are offered in second year first

    semester and students have to opt for one of them in each semester . Depending on the interest of students only

    2 electives are offered in each term. Minimum number of students in each elective should be 6 .

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    4.1 Core and Elective Courses

    The course consists of two types of courses: the Core Courses which deal with the fundamental theory and the Elective

    Courses which deal with the specific details of the course.

    Similarly, conferences and seminars are organized time to time to make students abreast with the current happenings in

    energy world. Also students are encouraged to participate in various national and international conferences.

    The core courses of the Energy System Planning and Management program focuses on the fundamentals of energy

    systems planning, analysis, modeling and management. Elective courses chosen will enable students to focus their courses

    to their technical interests and to specific topics in power plant technology, energy generation, transmission, distribution,

    control systems, energy economics and management. In addition, required project works will provide hands-on real world

    experience.

    4.2 Group Project Work

    The purpose of the group project in second year, second semester is to provide an opportunity for the group of students toinvestigate, analyze and to provide possible solution to an existing energy related problems. The group project must be

    completed in the allocated term. The group project may be done in small group normally two to three students per group.

    4.3 Dissertation /Master's Thesis

    The main objective of Master's Degree Dissertation is to carry out original research work concerning energy related

    problems and solve those problems. Students are encouraged to publish articles in national and international journals.

    5. CREDIT SYSTEMThe course curriculum is organized in the overall framework of Credit System. Each course has a certain number of credits

    which indicates the weightage. The number of credits depends on the contact hours for the course and its work load. Course

    with one credit weightage will have 15 lecture hours in a semester. The tutorial consulting and assessment hours will vary

    depending on the nature of the course. The total Credit for the master's program is 62 credits.

    6. EVALUATION SYSTEMThe evaluation system is based on the continuous assessment by the course teacher and the final examination. The

    students have to pass individually in the assessment as well as the final examination. The minimum pass marks for the

    assessment and final examination is 50%.

    The percentage is calculated from the following criterion:

    Depending upon the total percentage of the marks obtained, the following division shall be awarded:

    Percentage Division

    >= 50 % Pass

    50 - < 65% II

    65-< 80% I80 and above Distinction

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    7. COURSE CODEEach course is identified by a code. Each course will have a three digit number with a prefix and suffix set of two capital

    letters. The prefix letters stands for the Institute (for example, EG signifies Engineering Faculty) and the suffix letters denote

    the department offering the course. In the three number central digits, the first digit denotes the level in which the course is

    offered. For example, the digit 8 and 9 indicate the first and second year respectively of the Master's level course. The

    second digit is used to designate the semester. The second digits from 1 to 50 are used for the course offered in the first

    and third semesters and 51 to 100 for the courses offered in the second and fourth semesters respectively.

    8. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODSConventional lectures and seminars in the taught course components (core and elective courses) of the program are

    reinforced by other approaches to teaching and learning process:

    the use of case studies (video and text -based ) to highlight key issues and management practices

    training by using electronic sources

    training in team work, group work, presentations and project management.

    Each course is coordinated by a member of the faculty or the visiting faculty from outside who is expert in a given subject.

    The course faculty has the full responsibility for the conduction of the particular course. The courses comprise of lectures

    tutorials, laboratory works, group discussions and project works if applicable. The course contents are designed in such a

    way that considerable self-learning efforts should be used by the students.

    Each students will be assigned a counselor. The main function of the counselor will be to guide the students throughout the

    2- year program.

    9. QUALIFYING CRITERIATo qualify for the Master of Science in Energy System Planning and Management, the student must satisfactorily completethe program consisting of course work, directed study, group projects of 46 credits and an individual thesis of 16 credits.

    10.REGISTRATIONStudents must register for their course every semester. They must seriously attempt to complete the masters' program in 2

    years. In all the four semesters, a total of 46 credits will be offered which will consist of core and elective courses. The

    credits for the thesis will be 16. The total credit for the complete program is 62.

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    11.MARK DISTRIBUTION IN EACH COURSE PER SEMESTERYear I Part A

    S.N.

    Teaching Schedule Examination Schedule

    Total RemarksCourseCode

    Course Title Credit L T P Total

    Theory

    AssessmentMarks

    Final

    Duration Marks

    1 EG801ME Applied Statistics and Research Methodology 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    2 EG802ME Energy Economics & International Energy Markets 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    3 EG803ME Operation Research /Management Science 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    4 EG804ME Thermo-f luid Engineering 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    5 EG805ME Energy Resources 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    Total 15 15 5 0 20 200 300 500

    Year I Part B

    S.N.

    Teaching Schedule Examination Schedule

    Total RemarksCourseCode

    Course Title Credit L T P Total

    Theory

    AssessmentMarks

    Final

    Duration Marks

    1 EG851ME Energy Systems Planning 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    2 EG852ME Energy Financial Management 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    3 EG853ME Climate Change and its Impact on Energy Sector 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    4 EG854ME Hydropower Engineering and Development 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    5 EG855ME Elective I: (one to be taken) 4 3 1 1.5 5.5 40 3 60 100

    1. Power Plant Technology

    2. Power Transmission & Distribution

    3. Power Systems Dynamics & Stability

    4. Power System Control & Operations

    5. Renewable Energy Technology

    6. Maintenance and Refurbishment of Hydro Power Plant

    Total 16 15 5 1.5 21.5 200 300 500

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    Year II Part A

    S.N.

    Teaching Schedule Examination Schedule

    Total RemarksCourseCode

    Course Title Credit L T P Total

    Theory

    AssessmentMarks

    Final

    Duration Marks

    1 EG901ME Energy Systems Modelling and Analysis 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    2 EG902ME Energy Strategy, Energy Policy & Regulations 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    EG903ME Energy Project Development and Social Sector Management 3 3 1 0 4 40 3 60 100

    3 EG904ME Group Projects 2 2 1 0 3 40 3 60 1004 EG905ME Elective II: (one to be taken) 4 3 1 1.5 5.5 40 3 60 100

    1. Human Resources Management

    2. Electricity Economics and Planning

    3. Energy Operations Management

    4. Energy Efficiency and Audit

    5. Reliability & Risk Analysis

    6. Environ Impact Assessment

    Total 15 14 5 1.5 20.5 200 300 500

    Year II Part A

    S.N.

    Teaching Schedule Examination Schedule

    Total RemarksCourse

    Code

    Course Title Credit L T P Total

    Theory

    AssessmentMarks

    Final

    Duration Marks

    1 EG951XY Thesis Work / Research Work 16 100 100

    Total 16

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    12. COURSE OUTLINE

    12.1 EG802ME: Energy Economics & International Energy Markets

    Different types of energy and their conversion; perfect competition; energy demand and supply and their elasticities;

    monopoly national accounts; externalities and energy pollutions; time value of money and project evaluation techniques;

    supply and cost curves; marginal costs; short term costs; long range marginal costs; Energy derivatives: future and options

    for managing price risks; electricity and economics; economic pricing mechanisms.

    12.2 EG803ME: Operation Research /Management Science

    Introduction to Modeling for Decision; data management and analysis; regression analysis ; forecasting models for time-series; introduction to optimization; linear and multi-objective optimization models; interpreting solver results and sensitivityanalysis; decision and risk analysis; expected value decision-making; Monte Carlo simulation; optimization and simulation;system modeling and simulations; modeling and simulating dynamic inventory models

    12.3 EG804ME: Thermo-Fluid Engineering

    Fluid mechanics and Machines: Basic equations of fluid for incompressible and compressible fluid with their applications,Basic flow field, streamlines, velocity potential, stream function, flow net, Open and close conduct flow. Turbine (impulseand reaction) principles, components, force calculation. Pumps and related theories

    Thermal Engineering: Revision of properties of substances, control mass and control volume formulation of First Law of

    Thermodynamics, Steady state and unsteady state analysis and applications, Reversible and Irreversible process, entropy

    and enthalpy generation, Control mass and Control Volume formulation of Second Law of Thermodynamics, Combined

    Analysis, availability and irreversibility. Thermodynamic cycles, Revision of heat transfer models and Heat exchangers.

    Application of thermo-fluid engineering

    12.4 EG805ME: Energy Resources

    Introduction to energy resources; Energy the engine of development; estimation and evaluation of energy resources;Combustion fundamentals and theory, Environmental effects of energy; biomass energy resources; fossil fuels and fossilenergy; nuclear energy; renewable energy resources; geothermal energy; hydropower energy; Solar energy; wind energy;ocean waves, tide, and thermal energy conversion; energy systems and sustainability metrics, Application of energyresources.

    12.5 EG851ME: Energy System Planning

    Energy balance; energy demand and supply; energy system analysis; a framework for national energy planning; knowledgeon mathematical fundamentals; econometrics and optimization; familiarization with econometric models, input -output

    models; energy systems planning models

    12.6 EG852ME: Energy Financial Management

    Types of firms, raising capital, financial markets, dividend policy and cost of capital; understanding financial statements and

    their analysis; financial and cost accounting; financial forecasting; financial strategic planning and management control; time

    value of money and capital budgeting techniques; overview of financial management; understanding financial risk

    management such as futures, options and real options; knowledge about mergers, acquisitions and restructuring

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    12.7 EG853ME: Climate Change and Its Impact on Energy Sector

    Climate change science: introduction to climate change, key indicators of global climate change and evidence, climate

    change models and scenarios. Climate change impacts, adaptation measures and risk analysis: climate change impacts,

    adaption measures and risk analysis in agriculture and food security, water resources and energy, climate induced

    disasters, forest and biodiversity, public health, urban settlement and infrastructure, cross-cutting sectors. Climate change

    mitigation: technological options for mitigating climate change such as carbon capture and storage, switching to morerenewable energy and greater energy efficiency, cost effectiveness analysis of mitigation measures. Climate change policy:

    global and national policy on climate change, regulatory instruments and human behavior and social change.

    12.8 EG854ME: Hydropower Engineering and Development

    Power situation; Types and classification; Power Regulation: Definition and meaning of terms like firm power, secondary

    power, mean & peak load, utilization and factors, power variation, power grids; Planning & layout of hydropower projects:

    Site selection of hydropower, requirement of hydropower projects, reservoir regulation, layout of hydropower projects; Water

    retaining structure: dams, choice of dams, design of dam, foundation principle; Regulatory structure: intake, design of intake

    structure, hydraulic tunnels, design of settling basin, forebay and surge tank, design of forebay, penstock; Spillway: function

    of spillway, cavitation and erosion, design of silting basin; Hydro-electric machine: hydro mechanical installation, types ofturbines, performance characteristics of hydraulic turbines, selection of turbine and specification, introduction of bulb turbine,

    draft tube, pumps, generators and type, governers; Power Development Policy and Rules: survey licenses, power purchase

    agreement

    12.9 EG855ME (Elective-1):

    12.9.1 Power Plant Technology

    Compression Ignition and Steam turbine based thermal power plants: Boilers and steam cycle, type of boilers, boiler

    mountings and accessories, boiler operation, feed water treatment, fuel handling, air path and energy conservation, stack

    gas path and clean up, handling of products of combustion. Types and principles of operation: Steam nozzles, types ofsteam turbines and the operation and field of application of gas turbines. Operation and selection of different types of

    turbines for hydro power plants Current and future trend of technologies: for different types of solar thermal power plants,

    and solar thermal refrigeration and air conditioning

    12.9.2 Renewable Energy System Technology

    Solar Thermal System: Solar radiation and its characteristics, basic principles and performance of flat plate and solar

    concentrators, application of active and passive solar thermal systems, Solar PV System: Fundamentals of solar cells, types

    of solar cells and their fabrication. Application of photovoltaic systems, Micro Hydro: micro hydro power system, site

    selection, transmission and installation. Wind Energy: Principle of wind energy generation, resource assessment, types of

    systems and applications. Geothermal Energy: Geophysics, available technology, harnessing geothermal resource. Others:

    Hydrogen energy, fuel-cells, energy generation from waste, hybrid energy generation systems. Energy Supply and Demandside Management, Environmental Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy Technologies, Carbon trading.

    12.9.3 Maintenance and Refurbishment of Hydro Power Plant

    Introduction to maintenance engineering, Types of maintenance, Maintenance tools (fault tree analysis and failure mode,

    effects and criticality analysis etc.), Condition based maintenance, Reliability- centered maintenance, Total productive

    maintenance. Maintenance practices in power plants in Nepal.

    12.9.4 Power System Dynamics and Stability

    Introduction to power system dynamics & stability in the operation and design of system Synchronous machine, Exciter andvoltage regulators; Function of speed governing systems, Transient Stability; State equation for multi-machine system with

    one axis model and simulation , Dynamic stability .

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    12.9.5 Power System Control and Operation

    Introduction to power system control and operation; Real Power -Frequency Control, Basics of speed governing mechanism

    and modeling; Integration of economic dispatch control with LFC; Reactive Power -Voltage Control; Commitment and

    Economic Dispatch; Computer control of power system; Network topology state estimation security analysis and control.

    12.9.6 Power Transmission and Distribution

    This subject is offered from as inter disciplinary electives from Masters of Science in Power Systems offered by Department

    of Electrical Engineering.

    12.10 EG901ME: Energy Systems Modeling and Analysis

    Top down and bottom up approaches in energy systems modeling; scenario analysis in energy systems modeling; different

    energy modeling frameworks; LEAP; MARKAL; MAED; MESSAGE; TIMES etc; development of energy systems modeling

    framework and energy analysis

    12.11 EG902ME: Energy Strategy, Energy Policy & Regulations

    Defining strategy, levels at which strategy operates, Strategic Decision Making and Approaches to Strategic Decision

    making, Mission and Purpose, Objectives and Goals, Strategic Business Units, Corporate Planning Process, Strategy

    Formulation and Choice of Alternatives: Strategies Modernization, Diversification, Integration, Merger, Take-over and

    Joint Venture strategies, Turnaround-divestment and Liquidation strategies, of Strategic Choice Industry, competitor and

    SWOT analysis; Importance of Energy policy, Energy Resource tradeoff; Oil markets and fuel switching; Energy sector

    economics; Relevant policy mechanism for energy policy, Existing energy policy, Policy drivers and actors, Policy analysis:

    Establishing evaluative criteria: efficiency, effectiveness, equity, political acceptability, ease of implementation, process

    values, legal challenges, adaptability, robustness, Regulatory Impact Analysis: Assumption in policy formulation, Evaluating

    analytical tools , Renewable Fuel Standard; Sensitivity and scenario analysis; Policy design for implementation; Renewableand carbon regulation: Planning Implications from the Interactions between Renewable, Energy Policies and Carbon

    Regulation

    12.12 EG903ME: Energy Project Development and Social Sector Management

    Definition and scopes of project, Technical design, Financing, Contracting, Implementation and performance monitoring;Implementation plan for top management, Planning budget, Procurement procedures, Construction, Measurement andVerifications, Conflict Management; Social Management

    The course will also cover emerging methods, principles and practices in energy/power project procurement, including

    Public-Private-Partnerships, carbon project management, and Clean Development Mechanism, etc.

    12.13 EG905ME (Elective-2): 4 Credits

    12.13.1 Human Resources Management

    Introduction to human resource management; Environmental context: New economic policy, technological, socio-economic

    and political, legal environment structural reforms, their implication for HRM in Nepal; Introduction to strategy and strategic

    management- The Paradigm shifts in people Management, Emergence of Human Resource Management as a distinct

    model of people management, Human Resource Planning: recruitment , selection , training & development ; Human

    Resource Development; HRD Development in Nepal; Labor Performance management and appraisal:

    Compensation/rewards system; Labor management- Industrial relations, law on industrial relations, characteristic features of

    industrial relations in Nepal, collective bargaining; Trade unions and trade unionism: Theories of trade unions, trade union

    law, trade unionism in Nepal, issues and problems, employees associations, managerial unionism

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    12.13.2 Electricity Economics and Planning

    Nature of Planning in Electricity Sector and the Hierarchy of Electricity Planning Models, Electricity Demand Forecasting: Electric

    Load Representation, Different Approaches for Forecasting, Short Term Demand Forecasting Models, Long Term Demand

    Forecasting Models, Electricity Demand Side Management: Economic Operation of Power System, Short-term Economic

    Dispatch, Unit Commitment, Mid-term Scheduling, Hydro-Thermal Scheduling, Generation Planning Techniques: Electricity

    Generation Technologies, Levelized bus-bar cost analysis, Screening Curve Analysis: Thermal and Hydropower Plants, Key

    Indices of Power System Reliability and their Calculations, Linear, Mix Integer and Dynamic Programming approach to Planning,

    Traditional Generation Expansion Planning Models, Integrated Resource Planning Models, Dealing with Uncertainties in Capacity

    Expansion Planning, Electricity Pricing Theory and Approaches: Objective of Electricity Pricing, Marginal Cost Pricing, Theory of

    Peak Load Pricing, Buyback rates of Electricity Produced by Independent Power Producers, Deregulation of Electric Utilities:

    Issues and Approaches, Performance Evaluation of Electric Utilities using DEA

    12.13.3 Energy Efficiency and Audit

    Energy management: need for energy management and energy conservation, energy management process, principles of

    energy management, Energy auditing: auditing techniques, preliminary and detail energy audit, energy audit tools &instruments, preparation of audit format, energy audit report writing, Boilers energy audit: fuels and combustion process,

    factors affecting combustion efficiency, combustion equation, boiler efficiency measurement, energy saving opportunities in

    boiler, Building Energy Audit: building heat gain, types of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning, chilled water storage,

    thermal insulation, and solar passive architecture; Electrical system audit: understanding utility bill, tariffs, demand charges,

    ordinary a.c. motors, energy efficient motors, load cycling of motors, power factor improvement, demand management,

    energy efficient lighting system, energy saving opportunities, Furnaces: types of furnaces, performance evaluation of

    furnace, fuel economy measures; Compressor: types of compressor, compressor selection, monitoring performance, energy

    saving opportunities in compressed air network

    12.13.4 Reliability & Risk Analysis

    Reliability concept: reliability function, failure rate, mean time between failures, mean time to failure , a priori and a posteriori

    concept; mortality curve; useful life availability, maintainability; system effectiveness; Reliability data analysis: time to failure

    distributions, exponential ,normal gamma, Weibull, ranking of data, probability plotting techniques, hazard plotting; Reliability

    prediction models : series and parallel models, reliability based design approach, standby systems , application of Baye's

    theorem, cut and tie set method , Markov analysis , fault tree analysis , limitations. Reliability management: reliability testing,

    reliability growth monitoring, non parametric methods, reliability and life cycle costs, reliability allocation, replacement mode,

    reliability methods. Risk assessment: definition and measurement of risks, element of risk assessment, analysis techniques,

    risk reduction resources, industrial safety and risk assessment.

    12.13.5 Environment Impact Assessment

    Purpose and aims of EIA; EIA administration and practice; concept of associated assessment processes; key elements of

    the EIA process; undertaking an EIA; role of public participation; stages that follow EIA; the costs and benefits of

    undertaking EIA; and understanding of the strengths and limitations of EIA.

    12.14 EG951XY Dissertation /Thesis work