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Page 1: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Ms. Pooja U. Yadav

Page 2: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Vedic Society- Four fold classification

Brahaman

Kshatriya

Vaishya

Shudra

First appeared in Rigveda-10th Mandala

Flexible to complex

Page 3: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Shudras- lowest in the hierarchy

First three- Dwija(Twice Born)

Shudras- To served upper three cast

Labour, slaves

No education rights

Served the masters

Discrimination in punishments

Untouchables- Antanjeya

Page 4: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Basic unit of social organization

Joint family

Patriarchal

Purushartha- Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha

Varnashrama System

Page 5: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Hindu society was divided into four varna System

Only first three casts were allowed (Dwija)

Shudras and women were not allowed

Upanayana ceremony

Page 6: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Varna + Ashrama

Varna= Cover, envelope, color

Ashrama= Stay, stages

Life of an individual divided into four four Stages

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Brahamacharya – life of the Student

Grihasthashrama- Married man , householder

Vanaprashthashrama- Retired life in the forest, abandoning home

Sanyasashrama- Life of complete renunciation

Page 8: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Stridharma – Duty of the women

Striswabhava- Nature or behavioural pattern

Status of women-

Rigveda mentioned- Apala, Ghosha, Vishwavara, Gargi, Maitreyi-Educated

No sati system

No female infanticide

No Purdha

Permission of remarry

Page 9: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Later vedic Age:

Inferior to men

No education

Child marriage

Compared with Shudras

Polygamy

Page 10: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

8 forms of marriage

Age for marriage

Qualification

Second marriage

Life of widow

Women and property rights

Stridhana

Women and slavery

Page 11: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Education –freely available later became an institution

Varnashrama System:

1.Upanayana ceremony

2.Brahmacharya System

Gurukul System:

Upanishada

Ancient Education System

Page 12: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Ancient Universities:

1. Takshashila/ Taxila university:

Earliest university

Early Buddhist learning centre

5th – 6th c BC

Chanakya, Chandragupta Maurya, Charvaka

Subjets: Vedas, 18 arts, archery, law school, medical school, military science

Page 13: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

2. Nalanda University:

Ancient centre of learning in Bihar

5th – 12th c AD

Gupta patronized

Entrance exam

Subject: fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics, art of war

10,000 students

Scholars form Korea, China, Japan Tibet, Indonesia, Persia

Classrooms, halls, hostels, Libraries

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Four Vedas

1. Rigveda

2.Samaveda

3. Yajurved

4. Atharvaveda

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Brahmanas

Aryanakas

Upanishada

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Vedangas:

Siksha, Kalpa, Vyakrana, Nirukta, Chhanda, Jyotisha

Upavedas:

Ayurveda, Dhaurveda, Gandharvaveda, Shilpavea

Epics:

Ramayana, Mahabharata

Page 18: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Puranas:

18 Puranas. Eg; Vishnu Purana, Garuda Purana, Shiva Purana, Matsya Purana

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Three pitakas:

1. Vinaya Pitakas

2. Sutta Pitakas

3. Abhidhamma Pitakas

Jatakas: Stories of the previous births of Buddha

More than 550 storeis

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Jain Literature:

Angas and upangas

Tamil litrature:

Sangama literature

Sanskrit Literature:

Kalidasa

Meghdutam, Raghuvamsham, Malvikagnimitram, Abhijata shakuntalam

Page 21: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Vedic Religion

Nature worship

Yajna (sacrifice)

4 Vedas

Complexity

Upanishads: Philosophical belief of the Aryans

Metaphysical

Page 22: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Buddhism

Jainism

Heterodox Sects

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Pre-historic art

Folk art, tribal art

64 arts- chatushasti kala

Page 24: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Seven Swara or Suras Sa, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni, sa Sounds of seven animals Sa- peacock Re- bull Ga – goat Ma- bird Pa- cuckoo Dha- horse Ni- elephant

Page 25: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Pre-historic art

Proto- historic art

Nritya- anatya and Natya

Lord Shiva was originally the pioneer of Nritya

Natraja, Natesh

Male artist- Tandava nritya

Female artist- Lasya Nritya

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Pre- historic cave paintings

Chitra

6 limbs of paintings

1. Rupabheda- forms

2. Pramana- proportion

3. Bhava- Emotions

4. Lavanya- Creation

5. Sadrisya- Portyal

6. Varnikabhanga- Color mixing

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No idol worship in vedic period

Kushans patronised

Made of teracotta, wood, stone, ivory, metals

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Chala and Achala

Purna and Apurna

Shanta and Ashanta

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Stone age man

Natural caves

Earliest man made cave- Bihar- Barabara hills

Dedicated to Ajivika sects

Technology

Page 49: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Cahityagriha- Prayer hall

Lena(Viharas)- Dwellings for monks

Matapas- Benches with or without roof

Podhis- Erected to store water

Asanpindikas: Benches

Kodhis- Recesses hewn into the rock

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Sharikas

Paribhoga

Avdeshika

kamya

Page 55: Ms. Pooja U. Yadav...Vanadurga (Forest fort) Mahidurga (Earth fort) Title Socio-Cultural History of India Up To 1200 Author welcome Created Date 9/16/2019 4:18:01 PM

Medhi

Vedika

Anda

Harmika

Chhatra

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Dravidian style

Indo- Aryan style

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Harappan fortification

Types of forts:

Girdurga/ Parvata (Mountain fort)

Jaladurga (Water fort)

Dhanavana durga ( Desert fort)

Vanadurga (Forest fort)

Mahidurga (Earth fort)

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