Name ____________________

8th Grade U.S. History Semester Test Review

1. Which civilization had asphalt roads that were made for walking?

- Aztec

2. What did the Olmec like to drink?

- Chocolate

3. Explain what the Mayan royalty did to their teeth.

Men – Jade ImplantsWomen – File to a point

4. Even though all these civilizations participated in human sacrifices, which is more known for it as it is in fact more a part of their society than any other, ever?

- Aztec

5. Define Pre-History

- any society without writing is in a time of pre-history

6. What number is this?

- 7

7. What are 3 things you learned from the Olmec video?

- big heads- from Mexico- used tar

8. Which civilization is more known for playing a game with a rubber ball?

- Maya

9. What are the 3 plausible ways the first peoples came to the Americas that we covered in class?

- over ice from Russia Bering Strait Alaska- over Ice from Europe – Iceland – Greenland - Canada- by accidental boat trip from Africa to South America

10. Though both came after the Olmecs, who came first, the Mayans or the Aztecs?

- Mayans

11. Which society participated in cannibalism?

- Aztec

12. Which society had a 365 day calendar?

- Maya

13. Which society had the most advanced writing system?

- Maya

14. What modern country in South America is most closely associated with the Inca?

- Peru

15. Though the Inca had no known system of writing, they used ____________________to keep records.

- Quipu

16. The Inca believed that they would be ____________________after they died.

- Reincarnated

17. What Inca word (associated with food) has survived and is commonly used in English?

- Jerky

18. What food was mentioned in the video and called a royal food?

- Corn

19. Give 1 reason for why the Spanish didn’t destroy Machu Pichu like they did other Inca cities.

- They either couldn’t find it or didn’t know about it

20. How did the Inca drain large amounts of excess water from Machu Pichu?

- Advanced terracing – multiple layers of dirt and rock allowed for fast safe draining

21. Around what year did the Vikings discover Vinland?

- 1000 AD

22. Who was Leif Eriksson’s father?

- Erik the Red

23. German monk ____________________of Bremen first wrote about the Viking account of finding Vinland in 1075. Adam

24. Though the actual location of Vinland is unknown, where do most scholars believe it to be?

Newfoundland

25. From 1531-1532, Francisco Pizarro and Hernando De Soto conquered the ____________________Empire.

- Incan

26. In 1537 Hernando De Soto was granted the rights to conquer ____________________and was named Governor of ____________________.

- Florida - Cuba

27. In May 1539, Hernando De Soto and his expedition of 570 men and women arrived in Florida near present-day ____________________.

- Tampa

28. What two animals did Hernando De Soto and his men bring to Florida that were entirely new to the America’s?

- Horse

- Pig

29. What was Hernando De Soto and his men searching for in Southeast America?

- Gold, Wealth, Fortune & Glory

30. What was the Spanish’s greatest actual weapon?

- Horse

31. What did the Spanish bring with them that killed the most Indians?

- Disease

32. When Hernando De Soto died in 1542, he was in Arkansas. What did his men do with his body?

- placed him in the Mississippi River

33. What are 3 of the many reasons people from Europe migrated to the America’s?

- Jobs

- Freedom of Religion

- Overpopulation in Europe

34. What is a Charter?

- An official paper.

35. The ____________________was the most important building in town of the New England Colonies.

- Meetinghouse

36. The ____________________Colonies had a diverse population.

- Middle

37. How far inland did the Charters allow for people to live?

- 100 miles

38. What is our vocabulary word for a safe place?

- refuge

39. Name 2 of the colonies of New England?

- New Hampshire

- Massachusetts

40. Name 2 of the Middle Colonies?

- New York

- Pennsylvania

41. What kind of money did they have in the New England colonies?

- barter

42. Which Colony had the 1st Thanksgiving?

- Massachusetts

43. The Middle Colonies were sometimes called the ____________________colonies because they grew so many crops for growing food.

- Breadbasket

44. Philadelphia means “____________________” in Greek.

- Brotherly Love

45. The ____________________believed all people were created equally.

- Quakers

46. Captain ____________________is given credit for starting the Virginia Colony.

- John Smith

47. Explain the Headright System.

- 50 acres given for each person in family… ma and pa and 4 kids = 300 acres

48. What was the main economic product of the Virginia Colony?

- Tobacco

49. Who was granted a charter to start Georgia?

- James Oglethorpe

50. What group of people made up the majority of Georgia’s population?

- former prisoners or poor and unfortunate

51. If you were a naughty student in Colonial America, what might the teacher do to punish you?

- dunce hat

52. What kind of school did girls in New England go to?

- Dame School

53. What were 2 of the 5 things that Colonists liked to do in their free time that we covered in class?

- Barn Raising, making clothes, Sleigh Rides

-Plays, Social clubs or dancing

54. The American Revolutionary War was fought between ____________________and ____________________.

- Britain and U.S.

55. The fighting began in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775 at ____________________and ____________________.

- Lexington and Concord

56. What effect did the French and Indian War have on the Colonies?

- put Britain in debt and so they taxed the far out of the colonies

57. What did The Proclamation of 1763 forbid colonists from doing?

- Settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

58. What were The Intolerable Acts of 1774 in response to?

- Boston Tea Party

59. What are 2 aspects of The Intolerable Acts?

- closed Boston’s harbor until the colonists paid for the destroyed tea, allowed British soldiers to be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, took away nearly all power from Massachusetts’ legislature

60. What Colony did not attend The First Continental Congress?

- Georgia

61. The First Continental Congress was held in the city of ____________________.

- Philadelphia

62. What are the 2 accomplishments of The First Continental Congress?

-boycott British Goods

- told people to prepare for war

63. What were British soldiers called?

- Redcoats

64. Some members of the militia were ordinary citizens (such as farmers, craftspeople, teachers, bankers, and businessmen) who were prepared to drop everything and become volunteers at a moment’s notice. They were called ____________________.

- Minutemen

65. Who was the famous American poet that wrote Paul Revere’s Ride?

- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

66. In a paragraph explain The Shot Heard Round The World.

- No one knows who fired first but this shot in effect started the American war for freedom. It is called the shot heard round the world not because everyone could literally hear it but because everyone heard of it and it instilled a hope in many people everywhere that freedom could be in their own future.

67. In what state is Fort Ticonderoga located?

- New York

68. Those that remained loyal to Britain called themselves ____________________.

- Loyalist

69. What is the derogatory term that patriots called those that remained loyal to Britain?

- Torie

70. The Continental Congress appointed ____________________as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army.

- George Washington

71. ____________________represented America in France. He was very famous there and played an important role in obtaining French troops and warships.

- Benjamin Franklin

72. What is the date the Declaration of Independence was signed by our founding fathers and went into effect?

- July 4th 1776

73. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

-Thomas Jefferson

74. Name one of the 2 people that edited the Declaration of Independence?

- John Adams and Benjamin Franklin

75. What is the name of the currency (money) that the Continental Congress issued?

- Continental Dollar

76. Who represented the British soldiers in the trial of the Boston Massacre?

- John Adams

77. Even though ____________________led the forces and won The Battle of Saratoga, General Horatio Gates was given the credit.

- Benedict Arnold

78. What was the name of the American Spy who said “I regret I have but one life to lose for my country?”

- Nathan Hale

79. The U.S. most famously fought Hessian soldiers at the town of ____________________.

- Trenton New Jersey

80. What is the full name of the treaty (and year) that officially ended the American Revolution?

- Treaty of Paris 1783

81. What was the largest and longest single day battle of the Revolutionary War?

- Brandywine Creek

82. Which battle ended in a draw and was the last major Revolutionary War battle fought in the north?

- Monmouth

83. What was the Conway Cabal?

- Horatio Gates led a group of senior officers in an attempt to replace G.W. as Commander in Chief

84. Where did George Washington and his 10,000 troops spend the winter the year after they crossed the Delaware?

- Valley Forge Pennsylvania

85. Who is this?

- Baron Von Steuben

86. Where was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War fought?

- Yorktown Virginia

87. What was the main cause for The War of 1812?

- Impressment

88. Before the War of 1812 in 1807, the U.S. halted all Trade with Europe. This is called an ____________________.

- Embargo

89. A group of Republican Congressmen from the South and West known as the ____________________wanted to go to war with Britain.

- War Hawks

90. Why did the group of Republican Congressmen from the West want war with Britain?

- Wanted war against Britain because the trade restrictions hurt farmers and they blamed the British for supporting Indian uprisings

91. The U.S. under the leadership of President ____________________declared war against Britain in the spring of 1812.

- James Monroe

92. Why did the U.S. fight Canadians during the War of 1812?

- wanted Canada to join U.S.

93. Why did the Indians side with the British?

- British gave supplies to Indians to hurt USA

94. What major city in Ontario was burned during the War of 1812?

- Toronto

95. What did the British do to the Eastern Seaboard during the War of 1812?

- Blockade

96. Who saved the famous painting of George Washington shortly before the British burned down the White House?

- Dolley Madison

97. Who wrote the poem “Defense of Fort M’Henry?”

- Francis Scott Key

98. In what city in Belgium was the Treaty that ended the War of 1812 signed?

- Ghent

99. Where was the largest and most famous battle of the War of 1812 fought?

- New Orleans

100. Who led the U.S. to victory in the last battle of the war?

- Andrew Jackson

101. During which years did the War of 1812 take place?

- 1812-1815

102. What was Britain’s most formidable weapon during the Battle of Fort McHenry?

- Bombshells

103. What is the belief called that was shared by many Americans (first coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845) that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean?

-Manifest Destiny

104. In 1803 the United States purchased ____________________from Napoleon and France for 15 million dollars.

- 15

105. How did Andrew Jackson influence the United States in getting Florida from Spain?

- Without permission, he invaded Florida and overthrew the Spanish governor of Florida.

106. Stephen Austin was an Empresario. What was an Empresario?

- someone paid by Mexico to settle in Texas

107. Who won the battle at the Alamo?

- Mexico

108. How many people died in the Aroostook War?

- 0

109. Which flag has a bear on it?

- California

110. Why did so many people want to move to Oregon?

- free land

111. In the War with Mexico, what major advantage did Mexico have over the United States that they were unable to take advantage of?

- had a way bigger army

112. Generally speaking; what lands did the United States receive in the Mexican Cession of 1848?

- Southwestern USA

113. What major thing happened in California in 1849?

- gold rush

114. California during the late 1840’s–50’s had a huge influx of immigrants from the country of ____________________.

- China

115. What was the purpose of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853?

- to keep a rail line in US territory and landscape was better for railroad in Gadsden territory

116. What was the purpose of the Pony Express?

- Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA.

117. What did the telegraph line replace?

- Pony Express