Reconstructed using the acquired 256 Phase encoding steps

Reconstructed using acquired 128 PE (note the Gibbs ringing artifacts shown by the arrows)

(c) 128 PE data spectrally extrapolated to 256 PE (note the ripples have gone away)

Another clinical example – 256 Acquired PE

128 Acquired PE (Ringing artifact shown by white arrow can be mistaken for an abnormality)

128Acquired PE to 256 spectral extrapolated PE (note the ringing artifacts are less pronounced)

256 Acquired PE to 512 extrapolated PE (note the ringing artifacts have almost disappeared)

Another example with phantoms – 256 Acquired PE

(b) 128 Acquired PE - Note the Gibbs ringing artifacts (wave like ripples around the black holes)

Exploded view near a black hole of 128 Acquired PE case (note the ripples due to Gibbs ringing)

128 Acquired PE transformed to 256 spectrally extrapolated PE

256 Acquired PE transformed to 512 spectrally extrapolated PE

128 Acquired PE (left) compared with 256 spectrally extrapolated

PE (middle) and 256 acquired PE in an exploded region

256 acquired PE (left) compared with 512 spectrally extrapolated PE (right) in an exploded region