Historical Foundations of

American Society & Government

Mr. ViolantiFall, 2014

Key TermsJohn Locke: Philosopher, Natural Rights (L,L,P)Montesquieu: Separation of Powers, 3 branchRousseau: Social ContractVoltaire: Freedom of SpeechZenger: accused of seditious libel in NYIroquois Confederacy: S.C.O.O.M.Plymouth Colony: Massachusetts, Religious French and Indian War: England defeats

France in War fought in America.New England Colonies: Focus on religion,

shippingMiddle Colonies: “Breadbasket” ColoniesSouthern Colonies: Cash Crops, SlaveryTriangular Trade: Europe, America, AfricaMercantilism: Colonies exists to benefit Mother

C.

Key TermsMiddle Passage: nickname for slave trade

route to the New World.Democracy: People decide, voting.Republic: Representatives decide after being

elected.Mayflower Compact: 1620, Pilgrims voted to

be ruled by majority rule.Salutary Neglect: “Healthy Ignoring” of the

colonies by England.Albany Plan of Union: 1754, Franklin’s plan to

have colonies join together against French.Treaty of Paris, 1763: Ended French / Indian

War.Proclamation of 1763: prohibited movement

past the Appalachian Mountains.

Key TermsSugar Act: 1764 English tax on sugar imports.Stamp Act: required tax on printed documentsNavigation Acts: England regulates Colonial

trade.Townshend Acts: Further taxed colonial trade.Patrick Henry: Led resolutions against Stamp

Act, “Give me liberty or give me death”Samuel Adams: Founder of Sons of LibertyNatural Rights: Life, Liberty, Property.Virginia House of Burgesses: Issued

resolutions of protest against British Taxes and treatment of Colonies. Law Making body of Virginia.

Who came to the Colonies?

English Colonists make up the early settlers of the United States. Why did they come?1. Religious Reasons (Pilgrims, Puritans)2. Economic Reasons (land, crops, resources)3. Political Reasons (Church of England, land grants from King.)

Jamestown, 1607: The First... First Permanent English Settlement. Tobacco Trade becomes profitable. Jamestown

Types of Colonies1. Corporate Colonies

Joint stock to make colonies for profit

2. Proprietary ColoniesIndividuals to colonize and govern themselves

3. Royal ColoniesGovernor appointed by King.

New England Colonies

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut~Mayflower Compact~Plymouth Plantation (Thanksgiving)

Self Government: ~Fundamental Orders of Connecticut ~Focused on Religion (Puritans)~Church & State worked together

Good Ports, Rocky soil lead toShipping natural resources instead of farming.

Witchcraft in Salem

Salem Witch Trials

The Middle Colonies

The “Breadbasket Colonies”

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Agriculture, Grains, Iron Works

William Penn, “Penn’s Woods”, Quakers.

Southern ColoniesMaryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.

FARMING, CASH CROPS, PLANTATIONS, SLAVERY.

Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo

Very different culture begis in the South. Rural life, education not valued.

Virginia House of Burgesses created to make laws and govern (Republic)

England allows the 13 colonies to develop on their own. (Salutary Neglect).

Allowed to pick their own governments, education systems, set up newspapers and press.

Mercantilism is practiced, leads to trade restrictions. (Raw materials, markets)

French and Indian War, 1754

England and France at war in Europe and America.

English expect help of the Colonists.

Albany PlanOf Union, 1754

French & IndianWar,

1754-1763

French and Indian War, 1754-Lasts 9 years-Iroquois

Confederacy assist the British.

-Ends with Treaty of Paris, 1763.

-Creates feeling of Independence for Colonists. **

Proclamation of 1763

Appalachian Mountains

Stops Colonial MovementPast Appalachian Mts.

Major influences on American Colonial Governments

1. Ancient Greece: Democracy (Mayflower Compact)

2. Ancient Rome: Republic (Virginia House of Burgesses)

3. Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights

4. Enlightenment: John Locke, CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED.