THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Mr. Violanti / Mrs. Verni Spring, 2014

1. Industrial Revolution: A change from hand / animal power to machine power.

2. Factory: all elements of production under one roof.

3. Reasons I.R. began in England: 1) natural resources, 2) population, 3) money

4. Laissez Faire: Keep “Hands off” industry5. Urbanization: movement from farms to

cities6. New Class Structure: upper, middle,

lower. Social mobility!

KEY TERMS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTON

7. Working conditions: long hours, dangerous jobs, little pay.

8. Liberalism: want slow, steady change. (workers)

9. Conservatism: want things to stay the same. (owners)

10.Adam Smith: invented Capitalism. SUPPLY AND DEMAND.

11.Thomas Malthus: theory of population.

12.Karl Marx: Communist Manifesto. Developed Socialism, Communism. CLASS STRUGGLE.

KEY TERMS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTON

13.Communist Manifesto: Book by Marx. Struggle between proletariat and capitalists.

14.Sadler Commission: Government agency which ended abuses of factory owners.

15.Irish Potato Famine: blight in Ireland. Caused mass migration from Ireland to US.

KEY TERMS: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTON

A change in the means of production from hand tools and animal power to complex machinery and steam power.

COAL = INDUSTRY = POWER

DEFINITION

The Steam EngineHow it works

1. Geography: England had large supplies of coal, iron ore, harbors, rivers. Revolution begins here.

2. Population Growth: Better health = more population = more demand for goods and more workers.

3. Capital: $ for investment. $ creates more $.

4. Technological Advance: Steam Engine.

CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Effects of the Industrial Revolution1. Urbanization:

Fast Growth of Cities = positive / negative results.

2. +3. -

Life in the Cities

2. Poor Working ConditionsDangerous conditions. Young children, women. Work 12-16 hours per day.

Life in the Factory

Factory Work

Upper Class: Factory Owners (Capitalists)

Middle Class: “White Collar Jobs“ (Bourgeoise)

Lower Class: Factory Workers (Proleteriat)

3. New Class Structure

Social Mobility: People can move from class to class. Creates classes of “Haves” and “Have nots”

4. New Economic Theories.Adam Smith: Theory of

Capitalism and Laissez-Faire.

-Gov. should keep its “Hands Off” business.

-Let Supply/Demand run economy.

-Social Darwinism: the strong will survive.-Do not punish the succesful.

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engles

“The Communist Manifesto” “…Workers of the world

UNITE. You have nothing to lose but your chains…”

Socialism, total gov. control

Opposite of Laissez-Faire Everyone is equal, all

shared. Struggle between:

Proletariat (workers) and Capitalists (owners)

Smith—Capitalism

Individuals should make decisions. Failure is your fault.

Competition, Supply Demand improve quality and price.

Market economy produces best product at lowest prices.

Government should not interfere in the economy.

Marx—Communism

“Haves” take advantage of the “Have-nots”.

There has always been a struggle between classes.

Workers are taken advantage of by owners.

Hard work of workers creates profit for owners.

Society should have no classes, all equal.

Adam Smith vs. Karl Marx

Irish Potato Famine

Irish Famine

Molly Maguires

Thomas Malthus Theory of Population.

World will outgrow it’s resources and will “fix” itself.

Sadler Commission

1825: Trade Unions legalized in England

1840s-1910 British Parliament passes laws: (Sadler Commission) Limit child labor Regulating work hours for

women/children Safety conditions in mines Set minimum wages Accident and unemployment

insurance.

Reform Legislation: England

POSITIVES:

NEGATIVES:

Industrial Revolution: Blessing or a Curse???