mr. lipman’s ap government chapter 10 the judiciary
TRANSCRIPT
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MR. LIPMAN’S AP GOVERNMENT CHAPTER 10
THE JUDICIARY
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ARTICLE III
• Weakest Branch in Constitution originally
• Hamilton’s Federalist Essay #78
• Judiciary Act of 1789 established the court system we know today
• Three Tier System
• At least One District Court in every state
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Boundaries of federal district courts and courts of appeals
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JURISDICTION
• Three Tier System
• Original Jurisdiction (District Court)
• Appellate Jurisdiction (11 circuits)
• Patent Court
• State Court Systems
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How the American judicial system is structured
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KEY JUSTICES
• John Jay was the first– Chisholm v. Georgia lawsuit (his decision
leads to the 11th amendment prohibiting suits against states in Federal Court)
– Felt job so weak he leaves to be Gov. of NY
Originally 6 Sup. Ct. Justices, the number would fluctuate, but in 1869 it is set at 9 and has remained so since then but can be changed
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The Marshall Court: Marbury v. Madison (1803) and Judicial Review
Federalist No. 78 Marbury v. Madison
– Necessary and proper clause
– National supremacy McCulloch v. Maryland
– National supremacy– Broad interpretation of
the commerce clause
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• John Marshall (1801-1835) has the greatest impact: (Federalist long after all others gone)
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
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• Other Justices of some fame:
– Justice Taney (Dred Scott)
– Justice Holmes (1st amendment)
– Justice O’Connor (1st woman)
– Justice Marshall (1st African-American)
– Justice Rehnquist ( limiting executive privilege)
– Justice Warren (rights of the accused and Brown)
– Justice Roberts (present Chief Justice)
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Can Americans name the justices of the Supreme Court?
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The justices of the Supreme Court in 2010
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Key Terms• Precedent
• Stare Decisis
• Senatorial Courtesy
• Writ of Certiorari– And the rule of 4
• Amicus Curiae
• Solicitor General
• First Monday in October
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Key Terms Continued
• Majority Opinion
• Concurring Opinion
• Dissenting Opinion
• Doctrine of Judicial Restraint
• Doctrine of Judicial Activism
• Doctrine of Judicial Implementation
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In criminal trials ___________ is/are the plaintiff(s), while in civil trials ___________
is/are the plaintiff. 1.the government, bureaucratic agencies2.the states, the federal government3.private individuals or groups, the
government4.the government, private individuals or
groups5.private individuals or groups, bureaucratic
agencies
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In criminal trials ___________ is/are the plaintiff(s), while in civil trials ___________
is/are the plaintiff.
1.the government, bureaucratic agencies2.the states, the federal government3.private individuals or groups, the
government4.the government, private individuals or
groups5.private individuals or groups, bureaucratic
agencies
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Stare decisis literally means what?
1.The right of the court to decide2.The wise will decide3.Staring at decisions4.The stars make decisions5.Let the decision stand
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Stare decisis literally means what?
1.The right of the court to decide2.The wise will decide3.Staring at decisions4.The stars make decisions5.Let the decision stand
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• Confirmation Process– Investigation
• American Bar Association– Lobbying by interest groups
• Bork• Christian organizations
– Senate committee hearings and vote
• More intensive since 1980s• Appointments to Supreme Court
– Importance– Unpredictability
How Federal Court Judges Are Selected
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Who opposed Robert Bork’s appointment to the Supreme Court?
1.The rich2.White males3.Libertarians4.Conservatives5.Liberals
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Who opposed Robert Bork’s appointment to the Supreme Court?
1.The rich2.White males3.Libertarians4.Conservatives5.Liberals
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• Deciding to Hear a Case– Supreme Court hears
approximately one percent of cases filed
– Supreme Court issues writ of certiorari to hear case
– Rule of Four• At least four Justices must
sign on to a writ of certiorari– Role of clerks
• Initial filtration process
The Supreme Court Today
To Learning Objectives
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What does amicus curiae literally mean?
1.Friend of the court2.The people have spoken3.The court has spoken4.A friendly decision5.A little curious
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What does amicus curiae literally mean?
1.Friend of the court2.The people have spoken3.The court has spoken4.A friendly decision5.A little curious
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A strict constructionist believes in a(n) ____________ constitution.
1.living2.inherently evil3.inherently good4.Christian5.dead
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A strict constructionist believes in a(n) ____________ constitution.
1.living2.inherently evil3.inherently good4.Christian5.dead
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Back
To Learning Objectives
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How many cases does the Supreme Court handle?