Mr. KingMr. KingCentral Cabarrus HSCentral Cabarrus HS

Life in the Gilded Age (Part I)Life in the Gilded Age (Part I)Life in the Gilded Age (Part I)Life in the Gilded Age (Part I)

Term coined by Term coined by Mark TwainMark Twain Post Reconstruction EraPost Reconstruction Era Gilded means – “Gilded means – “coveredcovered with with a a thin layer of gold”thin layer of gold” Factors that define the Gilded Factors that define the Gilded AgeAge 1. 1. GapGap between the rich and between the rich and poorpoor 2. Enormous display of 2. Enormous display of wealthwealth (Gospel of Wealth)(Gospel of Wealth) 3. Loose political morals3. Loose political morals 4. 4. Laissez-fair Laissez-fair role of role of government in government in businessbusiness

Growth and Growth and expansionexpansion of cities of cities - New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, - New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, New New OrleansOrleans 1880-1920: 1880-1920: 1111 million move from farms to million move from farms to cities – Why?cities – Why? - - cheapercheaper to live in cities to live in cities - farmers struggling due to droughts and - farmers struggling due to droughts and fallingfalling prices prices Cities outward expansionCities outward expansion - suburbs: communities on the outskirts of - suburbs: communities on the outskirts of citiescities - electric trolley cars and cable cars- electric trolley cars and cable cars - - automobileautomobile Cities upward expansionCities upward expansion - before Civil War, no building more than 5 - before Civil War, no building more than 5 stories highstories high - - skyscrapersskyscrapers began to appear began to appear - electric elevator made tall building more - electric elevator made tall building more practicalpractical

1850-19301850-1930 - - 4545 MILLION IMMIGRANTS CAME TO THE US MILLION IMMIGRANTS CAME TO THE US Before 1890 Before 1890 most came from most came from WesternWestern & & NorthernNorthern Europe (OLD)Europe (OLD) Early 1900s, many came from Early 1900s, many came from ItalyItaly & Eastern & Eastern EuropeEurope (NEW)(NEW) Called entrance to America the Called entrance to America the Golden DoorGolden Door Why did they come?Why did they come? 1. Wars1. Wars 2. Famine2. Famine 3. Religious persecution3. Religious persecution 4. Overpopulation4. Overpopulation 5. Promise of a 5. Promise of a better lifebetter life

People leaving their People leaving their countrycountry --Emigrant Emigrant (exiting)(exiting) People entering a newPeople entering a new countrycountry - - ImmigrantImmigrant Most took a steamshipMost took a steamship across the oceanacross the ocean - 1 week from - 1 week from EuropeEurope - 3 weeks from - 3 weeks from AsiaAsia - - stayed in steerage stayed in steerage deckdeck of ship (bad of ship (bad conditions)conditions) - - diseasedisease and death and death

Entry point for Entry point for EuropeanEuropean immigrantsimmigrants - - 6 million by 19106 million by 1910 Inspection process Inspection process thatthat was was humiliatinghumiliating and and dehumanizingdehumanizing 1. Physical exam1. Physical exam 2. 2. LiteracyLiteracy test (40 test (40 words inwords in English)English) 3. Disease free3. Disease free 4. $4. $2525 fee fee 5. Inspectors couldn’t 5. Inspectors couldn’t spellspell last names so last names so changed changed last namelast name

San Francisco San Francisco BayBay Entry point for Entry point for AsianAsian immigrantsimmigrants - called America the- called America the Golden MountainGolden Mountain WorseWorse conditions than conditions than EllisEllis IslandIsland - harder questions- harder questions - longer wait time- longer wait time - - filthy conditionsfilthy conditions

Many Americans thought their country was a Many Americans thought their country was a melting potmelting pot - - mixture of all types of peoplemixture of all types of people Rise of Rise of NativistsNativists (again)… Why? (again)… Why? 1. Preferred 1. Preferred Anglo-SaxonAnglo-Saxon (German/English/Scandinavian)(German/English/Scandinavian) 2. 2. Protestant vs. Catholic & JewishProtestant vs. Catholic & Jewish 3. Asian accepting 3. Asian accepting lowerlower wages wages 4. Xenophobia: extreme fear or hatred of 4. Xenophobia: extreme fear or hatred of foreignersforeigners

Fear that Chinese will Fear that Chinese will take take American’s American’s jobjob - especially in - especially in CaliforniaCalifornia 18821882: Congress passes : Congress passes Chinese Exclusion ActChinese Exclusion Act - bans Chinese entry - bans Chinese entry except except studentsstudents, , teachers,teachers, tourists, and govt. tourists, and govt. officialsofficials Act not repealed until Act not repealed until 19431943

San Francisco schools San Francisco schools put Japanese students put Japanese students in in separateseparate schools schools Japan protestedJapan protested 1908: President 1908: President TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt Roosevelt passed the passed the Gentlemen’s AgreementGentlemen’s Agreement - - Japan should Japan should limit limit unskilled workersunskilled workers coming into the U.S.coming into the U.S. - Japan continued to - Japan continued to issueissue passports to passports to HawaiiHawaii

Life in the Gilded Age (Part II)Life in the Gilded Age (Part II)Life in the Gilded Age (Part II)Life in the Gilded Age (Part II)

Majority of immigrants settled in big cities. Majority of immigrants settled in big cities. Why?Why? - factory jobs- factory jobs - - cheapercheaper to live in cities to live in cities - Americanization Movement: govt. sponsored - Americanization Movement: govt. sponsored programsprograms to teach English and help them to teach English and help them ASSIMILATEASSIMILATE - ethnic communities in each city…Example: - ethnic communities in each city…Example: Little ItalyLittle Italy By 1900, By 1900, 44 out of every 5 people in NYC were out of every 5 people in NYC were immigrantsimmigrants or children of immigrantsor children of immigrants

An immigrant An immigrant himself, Jacob Riis himself, Jacob Riis was well known for was well known for his photographs his photographs documenting the documenting the lives of immigrants lives of immigrants & the urban poor in & the urban poor in his book his book How the How the Other Half LivesOther Half Lives..

Blamed alcohol for Blamed alcohol for povertypoverty and and corruptioncorruption in in politicspolitics

Many immigrants lived Many immigrants lived in in crowded crowded tenementtenement buildingsbuildings Families shared living Families shared living spacespace PoorPoor sanitation & sanitation & ventilationventilation Garbage was dumped Garbage was dumped out out the window on a the window on a dailydaily basisbasis

In NY, 1231 people In NY, 1231 people lived in lived in 120 rooms in one part 120 rooms in one part of cityof city One year in Chicago: One year in Chicago: 60% 60% of newborns of newborns nevernever reachedreached age 1age 1 - died of asphyxiation- died of asphyxiation

Cities had a huge problem supplying Cities had a huge problem supplying safesafe drinking water drinking water Very few apartments had Very few apartments had indoor indoor plumbingplumbing Had to get water in the Had to get water in the streetstreet FiltrationFiltration and chlorination not introduced until and chlorination not introduced until 1890s1890s

SanitationSanitation - - GarbageGarbage in the street in the street - - DefecatedDefecated in the street in the street CrimeCrime - most cities only had a - most cities only had a smallsmall police force police force - NYC 1844: first - NYC 1844: first establishedestablished police forcepolice force NativistsNativists blame blame immigrants immigrants for the rise in crime & for the rise in crime & violenceviolence

Close living and building conditions created Close living and building conditions created many many accidental firesaccidental fires in 1870s & 1880s in 1870s & 1880s Wooden building were hard to get water to Wooden building were hard to get water to Great Great ChicagoChicago Fire (1871) and Fire (1871) and San FranciscoSan Francisco Earthquake in1906Earthquake in1906 Concrete & brick were introduced which made Concrete & brick were introduced which made it it safer to buildsafer to build

Political MachinesPolitical Machines - offered jobs, homes, and services in return for - offered jobs, homes, and services in return for votes votes Settlement HomesSettlement Homes - Community centers in slum areas that helped - Community centers in slum areas that helped people people find a place to live, a job, and educationfind a place to live, a job, and education - - Jane Addams Jane Addams began Hull House in Chicagobegan Hull House in Chicago

William Marcy TweedWilliam Marcy Tweed - - Boss TweedBoss Tweed - Tammany Hall in NYC- Tammany Hall in NYC - uses - uses graftgraft: political : political influenceinfluence for personal gainfor personal gain NYC Court House ProjectNYC Court House Project - Tweed given $13 million - Tweed given $13 million toto build, build, pocketspockets $10 $10 millionmillion - only spent - only spent oneone year in year in prison prison Thomas NastThomas Nast - crusading cartoonist - crusading cartoonist andand reporterreporter

Chris Balga – Hickory Ridge HS, NC Chris Balga – Hickory Ridge HS, NC Doc Wells – Hickory Ridge HS, NCDoc Wells – Hickory Ridge HS, NC Susan Pojer – Horace Greeley HS, NCSusan Pojer – Horace Greeley HS, NC