movement of peoples; how the gold generation transformed victoria marion littlejohn education...
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Movement of Peoples;
HOW THE GOLD GENERATION TRANSFORMED VICTORIA
Marion LittlejohnEducation Officer, Sovereign Hill Museums
July, 2014.
Year 9 Depth studies 1 Making a Better World?
2 Australia and Asia
3 World War I
Making a Better World?Students investigate how life changed in the period in depth through the study of ONE of these major developments:
1. The Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1914) 2. Movement of peoples (1750 – 1901) 3. Progressive ideas and movements (1750 – 1918)
The study includes the causes and effects of the development, and the Australian experience.
http://ausvels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Level9
Key inquiry questions
• What were the changing features of the movements of people from 1750 to 1918?
• How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
• What was the origin, development, significance and long-term impact of imperialism in this period?
http://ausvels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Level9
Victoria was transformed by the massive movement of people who arrived during the Gold Rush and who sowed the seeds of our modern society.
The huge numbers arriving after 1851 came overwhelmingly from the educated middle-classes of Britain and they swamped earlier arrivals.
They differed from the pre-gold generation and created a society that was different to what existed in Britain or Europe at that time.
By 1856 the colony of Victoria was one of the most democratic in the world and one of the most prosperous.
Gutenberg Printing Press, c. 1440
Inquiry question
• How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
The Industrial Revolution
Inquiry question
• How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
1837 Victoria crowned Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
Queen Victoria [ 1819-1901 ] ByFranz Xaver Winterhalter
Inquiry Question
What was the origin, development, significance and long-term impact of imperialism in this period?
British Empire in 1886 (Inset shows British Territories in 1776)
1808 Trevithick charged one shilling at his Steam Circus to view his “Catch me who can” steam locomotive
Inquiry question
• How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel 1806-1859by the launching chains of the Great Easternby Robert Howlett, 1857
Brunel’s Great Western railway linking London to Bristol included this two-mile-long Tunnel at Box; then the longest railway tunnel in the world.
Construction began in 1836 and the tunnel opened in 1841.
By 1846 – 5,000 miles of railway track are laid in Britain
Launch of the Great Britain by HRH Prince Albert in 1843
Launch of Great Britain at Bristol, July 1843. Painting by Joseph Walter
[The Oriel Window, South Gallery, Lacock Abbey], 1835 or 1839William Henry Fox Talbot (British, 1800–1877)
From the "Bertoloni Album," 1839
William Henry Fox Talbot Photogenic drawingAlbum of 36 photogenic drawings
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tlbt/hd_tlbt.htm
Inquiry question• How did new ideas and technological
developments contribute to change in this period?
1838 Publication of The People’s Charter
start of Chartism
Inquiry question
• How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
1840 The Penny Post is introduced in Britain
1842 end of first Opium War – Britain gains Hong Kong
1840 Smallpox vaccination - using cowpox - provided free in Britain- other treatments of smallpox banned
Edward Jenner by James Northcote
Inquiry Question
How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
Reenactment – first use of ether Massachusetts General Hospital 1846
Florence Nightingalec. 1860
1854 John Snow links contaminated water to the spread of cholera
1848 – Major Chartist demonstration in London
The Chartist Demonstration on Kennington Common, 10th April 1848, by William Barnes Wollen
The Great Chartist Meeting on Kennington Common, London, April 10, 1848, photograph taken by William Kilburn. Black-and-white photograph with applied colour.
Original at Windsor Castle.
"The Declaration of Independence" by John Trumbull (mural in the Capitol Building, Washington D.C.)
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
4th July, 1776
Batman trading with Aboriginal People, SLV, 1886
Map of Victorian Aborigines language territories
Inquiry Question
What was the origin, development, significance and long-term impact of imperialism in this period?
Red = 1837Black = 1838
The Emigrants 1844 by Elizabeth Walker
Poole, P.F. The Emigrants Departure, 1838
Ercildoune
1835 – 1851 The Port Phillip District of NSW was developing as a Squattocracy
The Forest Creek Diggings,
Mount Alexander, London Illustrated
News, 1852
Inquiry QuestionWhat were the changing features of the movements of people from 1750 to 1918?
S.T. Gill, The Rush
Serle, G. The Golden Age; A history of the colony of Victoria 1851 – 1861 (MUP, 1977)Page 382
Population of Victoria increases 7 times over 10 years 1851 – 1861.
Ford Maddox-Brown, The Last Of England, 1854
Port Phillip Society 1835 - 1851
Victoria changed by gold1851 →
Inquiry QuestionWhat were the changing features of the movements of people from 1750 to 1918?
S.T. Gill. Butchers Shamble, F. Creek. 1852.
S.T. Gill, Diggers Hut, Canvas & Bark 1852
BY 1861:
• Melbourne the fastest growing city in the world• Parliament House, Treasury Building, State Library Melbourne
University opened• Ballarat, Bendigo and Castlemaine substantial provincial centres• Expanding rail network• Manhood suffrage • Secret ballot• Payment of Members of Parliament• Abolition of property qualifications for Members of Parliament• End of dominance of Squatters• Eight hour day achieved by Ballarat workers
But• The population was still overwhelmingly British• Retained loyalty and ties to Britain
Samuel Brees, Flemington Road, 1856
‘The Mongolian Octopus', cartoon by Phillip May in The Bulletin, 21 August 1886.
Phoenix Foundry, Ballarat 1873
Inquiry question
How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
1883 – the 100th steam locomotive to be built in Ballarat’s Phoenix Foundry
Ballarat - view from the Town Hall, 1872
Charles Darwin, aged 45 in 1854, by then working towards publication of On the Origin of SpeciesPublished 1859
Inquiry question
How did new ideas and technological developments contribute to change in this period?
Inquiry question
What was the origin, development, significance and long-term impact of imperialism in this period?