1. Mrs. Zs Mountain Building notes ONLY! Mountain Building

2. Rock Deformation AKA Mountain Building Deformation - the bending, breaking, and tilting of the earths crust. Three types of Stress: 1. Compressional 2. Tensional 3. Shear 3. FOLDING - flat layers of rock are under severe compression and are squeezed from the sides. The layers moved into folded positions without breaking (although some cracks may appear). 4. Three types of Folds: 1. Anticlines - upward folds 2. Synclines downward folds 3. Monoclines gently dipping bends in horizontal rock layershttp://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/geology/publications/bul/1508/images/fig27.jpg 5. Features formed by tectonic activity Normal 1. Faults - A break in the rock layers along which there is no movement is called a fracture. Once movement occurs, the fracture is known as a fault. Three Main Types of Faults: 6. 2. Reverse Fault occurs along convergent boundaries (compression force) The hanging wall moves up above the foot wall Thrust Fault o reverse fault where the hanging wall is pushed at such a low angle (not steep) that it moves UP AND OVER the foot wall 7. 3. Strike-Slip Fault occurs at transform boundaries (shearing force) The rocks along either side of the fault slide horizontally Ex. San Andreas Fault 8. North Carolina Fault System 9. Four Types of Mountains 1. Folded Mountains - Found where continents have collided. Ex. Appalachian Mts., Himalayan Mts. Plateaus - areas of flat-topped land high above sea level. Ex. Colorado Plateau (Grand Canyon) 2. Fault-Block Mountains - Formed by faults, where part of the earths crust have been broken into large blocks and then were lifted above the surrounding crust. Ex. Grand Teton, MT 10. 3. Volcanic Mountains - Form when molten rock erupts onto earths surface. Ex. Cascade Mts. in Pacific NW and the mid-Ocean ridges 4. Dome Mountains - An unusual type that is formed when molten rock rises but does not break through the surface. Ex. Adirondacks, NY