Mount Rainier National Park Place Names

Gary Fuller Reese.

April 10, 2009.

PREFACE.

Because of its prominence as the "Great Mountain of the Pacific Northwest" Rainier was one of the first features in the Pacific Northwest named by early explorers. The center of a National Park since 1899 most prominent features around the mountain have received names, some of which have become official and some of which a common use.

In 1919 Mount Rainier National Park Superintendent Roger Toll wrote about names in the National Park:

"The park service is interested in having names applied to the various...scenic points that are now unnamed....the most desirable names...are the original Indian names, or, if these are too long and unpronounceable their English equivalents are often very good.

"If no original name can be found, and a name is to be supplied, the Indian names may be drawn upon with advantage, but this should be done by an expert...Descriptive names are good. The only thing most difficult to avoid is the indiscriminate naming of scenic features after persons."

While name origins have been found for many locations within the National Park there are a number of places for which origins are missing, especially on the northern side of the mountain. In 1916 Edmond S. Meany wrote about Mount Rainier. He listed many places for which he could not find a name origin.

In 1932 the writers of the Encyclopedia of Information on Mount Rainier National Park made a list of locations on the mountain recording that they were unable to supply origins for numbers of them.

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Books on mountain climbing record names for locations that are more extensive than usual for they name each part of a particular feature as it is climbed as destination point.

On December 9, 1977, the Washington Board of Geographic Names approved a series of proposals developed by Dee Molenaar and others which provided names for a number of locations on the Gibraltar route to the summit of Mount Rainier. Locations such as Little Africa, Moon Rocks, and Kautz Ice Fall have been officially entered into name origin literature.

Gary Fuller Reese.

AFFI FALLS

Affi Falls are on Lodi Creek as it flows from Berkeley Park north to join the White River in the north central portion of the National Park. There is a Shriner Creek and Lake in the southeast corner of the Park which is drained into Cougar Creek.

The Masonic order has often been supportive of activities which are of benefit to society and is honored by having these places named for it. The Affi Temple of Tacoma was constituted on September 17, 1889, when Tacoma had a population of 8,000 people. (Pierce County.).

In 1914 Park Ranger Thomas E. O'Farrell testified at a hearing that the name should remain on the falls "...because of very long use." (Hitchman, p. 2).

ALKI CREST

Alki Crest is a mountain ridge with an elevation of 5,200 feet near the northwest corner of the National Park on the divide between the Carbon River and Tolmie Creek. Alki is a Chinook jargon term for "...by and by..." "....soon...." "in the future." Seattle was once called New York-Alki. Long adds the term "...not so fast..." to the

definition. (Long, p. 29). (Decisions No. 29. June 30, 1932, p. 1) (Pierce County.).

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ALLEN

In the early 1890s retired Yale professor Oscar D. Allen had a home north of the mountain highway immediately west of the Nisqually entrance to Mount Rainier National Park. Eugene Ricksecker's 1906 map of the park shows the place as a geographic point. A number of scientific visitors stopped at the Allen home over the years.

Frank Brockman wrote of the Allens "...over the next ten years Allen and his sons, Edward and Grenville, made innumerable botanical expeditions to Mount Rainier, producing the first notable scientific collection of Mount Rainier's flora." (Brockman. p. 56). (Pierce County.).

ALLEN LAKE

Allen Lake is on the south end of Mount Wow in Mount Rainier National Park. It named for Oscar D. Allen, a professor of botany at Yale University, who conducted botanizing expeditions on the mountain beginning in 1895. Professor Allen made extensive collections of botanical specimens in the Upper Nisqually Valley. (Decisions, # 29, June 30, 1932, p. 1). An alternate name is Lake Allen.

Dr. Allen is buried on his property on the north side of the Nisqually River. (Hlavin, p. 184.). (Pierce County.).

Grenville F. Allen, son of O.D. Allen, was supervisor of Rainier National Forest from July 1, 1901, to December 31, 1909. His brother Ethan Allen, was acting supervisor of the park from July 1, 1913, to December 31, 1914. (Hlavin, p. 183).

ALTA VISTA

Alta Vista is near the snow line on the south central slope of Mount Rainier. It was

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named for the Spanish word for "high view." John B. Hartman, who visited the place with a Tacoma climbing group, supplied the name in 1889. (Meany, Mount Rainier p. 303) (Decisions # 29 June 30, 1932, p. 1.). A tent camp was established there in 1897 by James Skinner. It was later purchased by John Reese of Ashford who moved closer to Paradise where it became known as Reese's Camp. (Pierce County.).

ANVIL ROCK

This large rock at an elevation of 9,584 feet is above the Paradise Glacier on the southeast side of Mount Rainier. It provides a point from which an extensive view of the surrounding territory can be had. The rock looks something like a large anvil. The outcroppings of rock below Anvil Rock are named Moon Rocks and Little Africa. (Pierce County.).

ARARAT

Ararat is a mountain peak with an altitude of 5,996 feet in Mount Rainier National Park west of Indian Henry's Hunting Ground. The peak was named by Ben Longmire who fancied that the area, strewn with boulders and other material, looked like Noah's Ark had just landed. (Decisions # 29, June 30, 1932). On some maps the place is recorded as Mount Ararat. (Pierce County.).

ARTHUR PEAK

This peak, having an elevation of 5,471 feet, is located in the northwest corner of Mount Rainier National Park on Rust Ridge. It was named for Arthur Rust of Tacoma, son of William R. Rust, a prominent Tacoma industrialist who at one time owned the Tacoma Smelter.

Henry Arthur Rust was born in Tacoma on August 21, 1900, and visited the Mountain often as a young man. He died quite young of a heart ailment on May 13,

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1935, leaving an estate of more than $600,000 which for the time was extensive. He was a member of the Board of Directors of the Rainier National Park Company. (Pierce County.).

ASHFORD

Ashford is a community on the mountain highway near the Nisqually entrance to the National Park. It was named for Walter A. Ashford who filed a plat for the town on August 7, 1904. Mr. Ashford settled there in February, 1888, purchasing land from the Northern Pacific Railway. He was active in providing services to would be tourists on the mountain. (Pierce County. Auditor, 1909 Annual Report, p. 37). Cora J. Ashford was post master when the post office was established November 16,1894. (Ramsey p. 62). (Pierce County.).

AVALANCH

This high camping place on Mount Rainier is on the east side of Willis Wall. It was named by the Mountaineers in 1909 (Decisions # 29 June, 1932. p. 2) because of frequent avalanches. It is located near the top of the Winthrop Glacier. (Pierce County.).

BAILEY WILLIS TRAIL

Bailey Willis supervised the construction of the Grindstone or Bailey Willis Trail in 1883, a route that joined the Spray Park region with areas on the southern part of the west side of Mount Rainier. This trail was designed by the Northern Pacific Railway who employed Willis at the time as a means of inducing interest in tourist travel in the region. (Brockman, C. Frank. " A history of Mount Rainier National Park," Mount Rainier Nature Notes , XV (June, 1937), p. 94.)

The trail still appears on maps but is not used for its original purpose. The name, Grindstone Trail, came later after the Tahoma Mining District was organized.(Pierce

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County.).

BALD MOUNTAIN.

This location is a "....sharp treeless peak on the Carbon Ridge..." just outside the northwest corner of Mount Rainier National Park. The name was endorsed by the Tacoma Academy of Science at a meeting held December 11, 1893. (Tacoma Daily Ledger. December 12, 1893). The decisions of the United States Geographic Board #29, June 30, 1932 call it a descriptive name.

BALD ROCK

Bald Rock is located east of the Cowlitz Divide north of Olalla Creek in the southwest region of the National Park above the canyon of the Ohanapecosh River. The rock is treeless. (Pierce County.).

BARKTOWN

This alternate name for Grindstone Camp was a "...camp for trail laborers with huts made of that material..." (Haines p. 233). Bailey Willis, who arrived in the Carbon River region in the early 1880s, built a large cabin near the North Fork of the Puyallup River. It served as headquarters for the construction of the Bailey Willis Trail. (Hall, p. 114). (Pierce County.).

BARNES PASS

Barnes Pass is on the western edge of the National Park. It was named for A.H.

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Barnes, a pioneer photographer and mountain climber, who discovered the pass with J.H. Weer and John B. Flett. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 303). Barnes wrote an illustrated article about Mount Rainier in the National Geographic Magazine in 1912. (Pierce County.).

BARRIER PEAK

This peak with an upper elevation of 6,614 feet at the southern end of Governor's Ridge on the east side of Mount Rainier is northeast of Kotsuck Creek. It serves as a barrier between the Cayuse Pass region and the rest of the park. (Encyclopedia, Volume II, part l). (Pierce County.).

BASALT CREEK

Basalt Creek flows into the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River on the east side of Mount Rainier below Cowlitz Park. Trixie Falls, named for Beatrice D. Hall, (Decisions # 29, June 30, 1932, p. 2) are a feature of this creek. (Pierce County.).

BASALTIC FALLS

On the southeast slope of Mount Rainier on the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River, these falls were named by John B. Flett and H. H. Garretson because the surrounding rock looked like basalt to them. Basalt is a black to medium gray rock and is the world's most abundant lava and is very widespread although "...it is doubtful if basalt occurs in the park." (Gilluly, p. 6l3). (Pierce County.).

BATTLESHIP PROW.

Major E. S. Ingraham explored the region of Mount Rainier during the last decades of the 19th century and the first of the 20th century. He named a number of locations giving the name Battleship Prow to what is now known as Steamboat Prow. (Haines, p. 83).

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BEAR PARK.

Bear Park is in the northeast region of the National Park southeast of Slide Mountain. There are bear in the national park but no record as to who saw one in the park area and how it got on the map. It was officially named Bear Park by the U.S. Board of Geographic Names on June 30, 1932.)

BEAR PRAIRIE

Bear Prairie is near the southwest corner of Mount Rainier National Park and was a camping place for tourists in the mountain region. It was named by William Packwood and James Longmire in July of 1858 "...from the animal killed there..." (Haines, p. 29). A map printed to accompany the 1906 report of the Acting Superintendent of the National Park shows the prairie to be in Lewis County south of the Nisqually River. (Pierce County.).

BEE FLAT.

Bee Flat is an open area on the southeast side of the north east end of Chenius Mountain above the Carbon River. The bees in question were often yellowjackets who made life miserable for early mountain hikers and climbers as they do today.

BEE HIVE

A large rock on the southeast slope of Mount Rainier on the upper reaches of the Cowlitz Glacier was named by Major E.S. Ingraham in 1888 for it "...reminded me of one of those old fashioned bee hives." (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 303-04.). The elevation of the rock is 11,033 feet. The Washington Board of Geographic Names has adopted the name "The Beehive" for this location. (Washington Decisions, December 9, 1977). (Pierce County.).

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BELJICA.

Beljica or Mount Beljica is north of the mountain highway between Ashford and the Nisqually entrance to Mount Rainier National Park. The name is a composite made of the initials of the first names of a July, 1897, group of visitors to the mountain. "B" was for Burgon D. Mesler, "E" for Elizabeth Drake, Elizabeth Sharp and Elizabeth Mesler, "L" for Lucy LaWall, "J" for Jesse LaWall, "I" for Isabel Mesler, "C" for Clara Mesler and "A" for Alexander Mesler. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 303). A large portion of the mountain is within the Glacier View Wilderness and some maps show slight variations in the spelling. (Pierce County.).

BELJICA MEADOWS.

Beljica Meadows are an open place below the 4600 foot level north of Mount Beljica a mile west of the west boundary of the National Park west of Gobblers Knob. The area is marshy and its waters drain to the north into the Puyallup River system.

BENCH

Bench or The Bench is north of the Tatoosh Mountains in the south central part of Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County. It lies east and above Bench Lake and is somewhat flat at the top, like a bench. (Lewis Co).

BENCH LAKE

This eight acre lake at the 4,600 foot level south of Reflection Lakes near the

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Tatoosh Mountains in the National Park "...It is directly below a rock called The Bench." The waters from the lake flow through Unicorn Creek to the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River. (Hitchman, p. 19). There are at least two other Bench Lakes in Lewis County. (Lewis Co).

BLAINE GLACIER

Fred G.Plummer in his map of Mount Rainier published in 1893 called Emmons Glacier the Blaine Glacier for Senator James G. Blaine from Maine. Blaine began his political career by serving in the Maine legislature from 1858 to 1862, was in Congress from 1862 to 1876 and in the United States Senate until 1880 when he was named Secretary of State.

Senator Blaine was the Republican Party candidate for the Presidency in 1884, was Secretary of State again in 1888 and died January 27,1893. (Pierce County.).

BLOUCHER FALLS

These falls are on the East Fork of Van Trump Creek near its junction with the West Fork. Len Longmire wrote that "...there was a man named Bloucher who did a lot of climbing here about the same time as Denman." (Encyclopedia, Volume II, part l.). (Pierce County.).

BOULDER CREEK

The Panoramic Map of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, shows this creek joining the Ohanapecosh River in the east central region of the National Park north of Indian Bar. The creek and its tributaries drain Ohanapecosh Park and the boulders are left over from the receding glaciers. (Pierce County.).

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BOUNDARY CREEK

This Boundary Creek flows west and joins the White River at the western boundary of the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest south of Greenwater. (Section 32 Township 19 North Range 10 East W M). (Pierce County.).

BOUNDARY CREEK

This northern tributary of Kotsuck Creek flows south and southwest from Governors Ridge on Mount Rainier. The creek is located on the former eastern boundary of the National Park. (Hitchman, p. 27). (Pierce County.).

BOUNDARY PEAK.

Boundary Peak with an elevation of 6,600 feet is in the Lewis County section of the National Park. The boundary monument number 38 is located on the peak as it is the south boundary of the park. It is located in the Tatoosh Range. (Decisions # 29. June 39,1932).

BOX CANYON

Described as "...one of the interesting and unusual features of Mount Rainier National Park from a geological angle..." this canyon is like a box, from twenty five to forty feet wide, one hundred feet deep and a mile and a quarter long. (Encyclopedia, Volume II, part l.). (Pierce County.).

BUCK CREEK

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Buck Creek is north of the northeast corner of Mount Rainier National Park and is separated from Doe Creek by Fawn Ridge. Both Buck and Doe Creeks flow northeast into the White River. (Pierce County.).

BUELL PEAK

This peak with an elevation of 5,938 feet is three miles south of Cayuse Pass on the eastern side of Mount Rainier between Kotsuck Creek and Chinook Creek. It was named for John Latimore Buell who arrived in Orting, Washington in 1890 and went into the hardware business. He died in 1913. (Rushton, p. 228). (Pierce County.).

BURROUGHS MOUNTAIN

Burroughs Mountain is on the northeast slope of Mount Rainier above Glacier Basin. It was named for John Burroughs, the naturalist, who visited the mountain several times. The mountain was first called John Burroughs Mountain.

Burroughs was born near Roxbury, New York, in April of 1837, and died in 1931. He wrote extensively about his travels and was associated with many groups interested in conservation. He became a well known "character" and is best remembered for his "Nature Essay." (Dictionary of American Biography, II, 330334.). (Pierce County.).

BUTTER CREEK.

Butter Creek is in the Lewis County portion of the National Park. It rises on the south slope of the Tatoosh Range and flows southeast into the Cowlitz River. It has been reported that it sometimes has a yellow color. (Decisions # 29. June 30, 1932. p. 3).

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CADAVER GAP

The notch between Cathedral Rocks and Gibralter Rock on Mount Rainier was given this name because the bodies of Edwin Wetzel and Forrest Greathouse were left there for a short time after a fatal fall on July 2, 1929. (Molenaar, p. 242). (Pierce County.).

CAMP COMFORT

A rocky outcropping at the upper end of Gibralter Rock on Mount Rainier was named Camp Comfort by Major E. S. Ingraham in 1888 in contrast to Camp Misery located below the rock. The elevation of the camp is 12,500 feet. (Encyclopedia, Vol. II, pt. 1).

The winter of 1894 expedition to Mount Rainier financed by the Seattle Post Intelligencier and led by Major E. S. Ingraham had their Camp Comfort near the mouth of Tolmie Creek on the north side of the mountain. (Pierce County.).

CAMP CURTIS

This high camping place on Mount Rainier is located between the Emmons and Winthrop Glaciers. It was named in 1909 at the suggestion of Edmond S. Meany for Ashael Curtis, a pioneer photographer and a prominent Mountaineer. (Mountaineer, VIII (December, 1915), p. 40.) (Pierce County.).

Curtis was born in Minnesota and arrived in Seattle in 1888 where he joined his brother, Edward S. Curtis, in the photographic business. When Ashael Curtis died in 1941 his collection of photographs was placed at the Washington State Historical Society. (Seattle Times, July 28, 1963.).

CAMP DELIGHT

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This camping location at about the 12,000 foot level on Mount Rainier is on a narrow shelf of rocks near the foot of Gibraltar Rock. Major E. S. Ingraham took a number of climbings groups to the summit by this route and the delight had to do with the joy associated with seeing "...the first rays of morning." (Meany, p. 304.). It was later called Camp of the Stars and Camp of the Winds.

CAMP ELLIOT

T.B. Elliot had an establishment consisting of a restaurant and tourist cabins west of the Nisqually entrance to Mount Rainier National Park on the south side of the road. The place was called Camp Elliot in several editions of Metskers Atlas of the county. (Pierce County.).

CAMP EWING

Fay Fuller, in describing her pioneering ascent of Mount Rainier in 1890, reported that Camp Ewing was a mountain campsite at nearly the 10,000 foot level with Camp Muir above it at nearly 11,000 feet. (Schullery, p. 132). W. C. Ewing accompanied G. B. Bayley, P.B. Van Trump, and James Longmire, on their expedition to the mountain in August of 1883 but did not climb with them to the summit. Ewing was from Van Trump's home town in Ohio. (Molenaar, p. 46). Aubrey Haines (p. 67) notes that Ewing had tea, bread, and meat ready for the returning climbers who ".....named the place in recognition of the thoughtfulness of their friend." (Pierce County.).

CAMP HAZARD

Camp Hazard, on the Kautz Glacier route to the summit of Mount Rainier below the Kautz Ice Fall was named for Joseph Hazard by the Mountaineers in 1924. Dee Molenaar questioned Harry B. Cunningham, chief mountain guide from 1925 to 1932 about his remembrance of the name giving.

Mr. Cunningham wrote: "As I recall... we named the rock cliff below the Kautz Ice

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Fall Camp Hazard where we stopped for 3 or 4 hours prior to continuing to the summit" on a 1913 climb. Mr. Molenaar points out that Mr. Hazard has only written about his 1921 and 1924 ascents of the mountain, hense some confusion. (Molenaar, p. 75).

Mr. Hazard was born in Texas in 1879 and taught school in Everett, Lester and Seattle. He was an avid mountain climber and wrote several books about the glaciers and the forests of the Cascade Mountains. (Pierce County.).

CAMP HORSEFLY.

In the summer of 1912 Boy Scouts from the Puget Sound region began camping on Mount Rainier. One of their first camps was called Camp Horsefly which was located in Spray Park. Bette Filley writes: "For years a wooden post stood in the meadow with hobnail letters spelling out BSA....Since then countless thousands of scouts have learned outdoors skills and earned woodsman and outdoor survival badges in the open air classroom of the wild." [Filley, p. 27].

CAMP MISERY

This camping place is at the 11,300 foot level on Mount Rainier below Gibraltar Rock. It was named by Major E. S. Ingraham who, while leading a party to the summit, found the spot, noted for its icy winds and inadequate shelter, a miserable place. (Seattle Times, June 5, 1955). (Pierce County.).

CAMP MOUNTAIN VIEW

In December of 1894 in response to what some considered an eruption of Mount Rainier the Seattle Post Intelligencer sent an expedition under the direction of Major E. S. Ingraham to investigate. The group chose the Carbon River route into the mountain region and their campsite just below the foot of the Carbon Glacier was named Camp Mountain View because it was one of the few places on the north side

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of the mountain that the peak could be seen. [Mountain Climbers give up," The Tacoma Daily Ledger. December 27, 1894 p. 8.].

CAMP MUIR

On the southeast slope of Mount Rainier near the Cowlitz Glacier this camp out of the wind at the 10,062 foot level was named by Major E. S. Ingraham in honor of John Muir who selected the temporary camping place during their 1888 ascent of the mountain. The place had previously been called Cloud Camp. (Molenaar, p. 42). (Pierce County.).

The first permanent shelter was built of stone in 1916 at a cost of $573.00 and is still in use. It is on the most popular climbing route to the summit. (Thompson, p. 53).

CAMP NO CAMP.

This camp, at the 12,550 foot level on the south eastern slope of Mount Rainier, is in the saddle near the summit of Gibraltar Rock. "The name indicates a disappointed attempt at rest." (Meany, p. 304.) Dr. E. Weldon Young in writing of the 1897 Mazama expedition on the mountain indicated that it was named by Professor Edgar McClure because he spent a miserable night there. (Seattle Times. August 8, 1897.).

McClure was killed in a fall the next day and Dr. Young indicated that the name would probably be changed to Camp McClure to honor of the professor who was the first mountain climber to die on the peak.

CAMP OF THE CLOUDS

On the south slope of Mount Rainier at the 5,947 foot level above Paradise, this camp was named August 12, 1886, by Charles Kehoe and others. During their visit the heavy banks of clouds parted and gave them an excellent view of the peak. A popular tent camp occupied the site for some time before it was moved elsewhere.

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(Hanna p. 40). (Pierce County.).

Hlavin wrote that it was the first place in the Paradise Valley "where tourists could eat and stay overnight." (Hlavin, p. 186). and Dee Molenaar called it the first public accommodations at Paradise when it was established in 1895 by Henry C. Comstock on the east shoulder of Alta Vista. (Molenaar, p. 58).

CAMP OF THE STARS.

This location on the southeastern slope of Mount Rainier at about the 12,000 foot level was first known as Camp Delight, a name given by one of the climbing parties led by Major E.S. Ingraham. It is on a narrow shelf of rocks with space for about a dozen climbers. It is closer to the stars that almost any other camp site on the mountain.

The Tacoma Academy of Science in a meeting reported in the Tacoma Daily Ledger on December 12, 1893 endorsed the name, Camp of the Stars, which was at "...the highest point northwest of Mount Tacoma at the east end of the Carbon ridge." (Tacoma Daily Ledger. December 12, 1893).

CAMP OF THE WINDS.

Major E. S. Ingraham wrote:"I noticed that a Tacoma dispatch in yesterday's Times makes it appear that Camp of the Clouds is a very cold place, by stating that its altitude is 12,000 feet, and, that a party of climbers were badly frost-bitten while camping there. The error is in the name of the camp. The dispatch should have read 'Camp of the Winds,' or 'Camp Delight,' as my friend Holmes called it, during our trip of July 9-13, 1895. E.S. Ingraham, "Mount Rainier Climbers," The Seattle Times. August 7, 1895.

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CAMP SCHURMAN

A camp at Steamboat Prow on Mount Rainier was named for Clark E. Schurman, chief guide at Mount Rainier from 1939 to 1942 who died in 1955. Of him Dee Molenaar (p. 298) has written: "Schurman's poetic interpretations of the great natural forces at work helped bring the mountain close to the hearts of his guests." The shelter was erected in 1963 to protect climbers on their way to the summit by the Emmons Glacier route.(Thompson, p.54). (Pierce County.).

CAMP SEATTLE

Fay Fuller, in describing her ascent of Mount Rainier, located several camps or stopping places on the Gibraltar route to the summit of the mountain. Camp Seattle was listed as being above the 11,000 foot level between Camp Muir and Camp Hitchcock. (Schullery, p.132). (Pierce County.).

CAMP TACOMA.

"There were already several recognized campsites; at the lower end of Paradise Valley, beside a little pond was Camp Tacoma, named by the Dodge party in 1889." (Haines, p. 110). Christine Van Trump in a letter to Fay Fuller described it as being near the Camp of the Clouds.

CANADA CREEK

This name was assigned to Cayada Creek on the D.H. White 1907 map of (Pierce County.). for the creek that drains the high mountain valley below Coplay Lake. The creek flows into the Carbon River at the northwest corner of the National Park over a series of cascades.

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The name origins for Coplay Lake and Cayada Creek have not yet been found. The name, Canada Creek, was endorsed by the Tacoma Academy of Science at a meeting reported in the Tacoma Daily Ledger of December 12, 1893 and was used by the 1894 Seattle Post Intelligencer in describing their expedition to the mountain. (Pierce County.).

CARBON GLACIER

The Carbon Glacier is on the northwest side of Mount Rainier. Its name comes from the "dirty" color of the water as it comes from the snout of the glacier when large amounts of rock and gravel are released as the ice melts. The Carbon River flows from the glacier through a valley with coal deposits that were once mined extensively. (Pierce County.).

CARBON RIVER

The Carbon River rises at the snout of Carbon Glacier on Mount Rainier. It was named the Upthascap River by the Wilkes Expedition and flows into Puget Sound by way of the Puyallup River. It was named for the coal deposits found along its banks (Meany, p. 37) or for the glacier. The post office at Orting was named Carbon between November 16, 1877, and March 13, 1878.(Ramsey, p. 17). (Pierce County.).

CARTER FALLS

This waterfall of from fifty to eighty feet is below Ricksecker Point. It was named for Henry Carter, an employee of James Longmire at the Longmire Springs resort. He was a guide on Mount Rainier for some years and had a home on Bear Prairie. (Haines, p. 138-40). Plumb credits him with building much of the early trail to Paradise (Plumb, p. 64). According to Haines the falls were named by Maude Longmire, a daughter of Elcaine Longmire when she visited the area with her father in the summer of 1892 and met with Carter near the falls. (Haines, p. 139.). (Pierce County.).

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CASCADE CREST TRAIL

The Cascade Crest Trail is a border to border trail from Canada to Mexico along the crest of the Cascade Mountains in Washington, Oregon, and into California. The Pierce County section of this hiking trail is at the crest of the mountains on the eastern border of the county. (Pierce County.).

CASCADE MOUNTAINS

The Cascade Mountains are the main chain of mountains running north and south through the State of Washington. The eastern border of Pierce County follows the crest of the mountains. Meany wrote that David Douglas "...seems to have been the first one to use the name." (Meany, p. 38).

The Wilkes Expedition of 1841 called the mountains which contain many rivers, creeks and streams that cascade toward the Pacific Ocean, the Cascade Range. (Pierce County.).

CASTLE ROCK

Castle Rock is a large outcropping of rock at the 6,116 foot level on Mount Rainier in the northwest part of the National Park. It was "....named for its resemblance to an old castle..." (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 305). It is north of Mother Mountain and east of Mowich Lake. (Pierce County.).

A second peak called The Castle is part of the Tatoosh Range was a "....descriptive name." (Decisions # 29, June 30, 1932, p. 3.).

CATARACT CREEK

This tributary of the Carbon River flows from Mist Park originating near the summit of Mother Mountain. "It was named because of the many rapids and falls encountered along its course." (Encyclopedia, Volume II, part 1.). Lower Cataract

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Falls and Cataract Falls are features of this creek. (Pierce County.).

CATARACT VALLEY.

The Tacoma Academy of Science endorsed the name Cataract Valley as being the portion of the northwest slope of Mount Rainier drained by Cataract Creek in a meeting held in Tacoma on December 11, 1893. (Tacoma Daily Ledger. December 12, 1893.). Mount Pleasant and Fay Peak are the highest points in the area.

CATHEDRAL ROCKS

This long chain of rocks separates the upper part of the Cowlitz Glacier from the Ingraham Glacier. The top most is Gibraltar Rock that has an elevation of 12,679 feet. Beckey (p. 92) has written that the rocks have all the characteristics of a "....frowning battlement..." much like the "....high walls of an ancient cathedral.." (Pierce County.).

CAYUSE PASS

Cayuse Pass is south of Chinook Pass in Mount Rainier National Park. It was named for the Cayuse Indians of Eastern Washington and Oregon. There is an Indian pony named Cayuse. The pass has an elevation of 4694 feet and is often closed in the winter. (Pierce County.).

CHENIUS

Chenius is the name of a creek, waterfall, mountain, and lakes in the northwest part of Mount Rainier National Park. Hitchman writes that the name is Indian in origin, has been used for many years and that the "...possibility...." exists that it was named

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for Indian Chief Chin-chin-no-wah. (Hitchman p. 44). (Pierce County.).

CHENIUS LAKES.

Three small lakes of three, two and a half and three and a half acres in size are on Chenius Mountain in the northwestern portion of the National Park. They have separate outlets which flow into Chenius Creek and eventually the Carbon River. (Pierce County).

CHINESE FALLS.

The National Park Service map of Mount Rainier National Park published by the Government Printing Office in 1997 shows Chenius Falls as Chinese Falls an obvious printing error since the creek is still shown as Chenius Creek on the same map.

CHINOOK CREEK

Chinook Creek rises on the south side of Chinook Pass and flows south joining the Ohanapecosh River in the southeast region of the National Park. The east side road from Cayuse Pass south follows the course of the creek for some distance. Stafford Falls are a feature of the upper course of the creek. (Pierce County.).

CHINOOK PASS

This pass, named for a warm wind that comes from the south melting snow and softening the cold of winter, has an elevation of 5,400 feet. It is located on the eastern border of Mount Rainier National Park on the Mather Memorial Highway. It is closed in the winter. (Pierce County.).

The wind is named Chinook because it came from the direction of the Chinook

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Indian tribe which lived near the mouth of the Columbia River. (Hodge, p. 275). The Chinook Jargon is the trading language developed on the Northwest Coast which consisted of words from several Indian tribes was well as English and French.

CHRISTINE FALLS

Christine Falls are on the lower portion of Van Trump Creek on Mount Rainier at an elevation of 3,667 feet. They were named for Christine Van Trump, daughter of P. B. Van Trump who died in 1907.(Hunt I, 146). Christine "...had a body crippled by the nervous disorder known as St. Vitus dance. Remember when you look at Christine Falls, that they are named for a little girl who made one of the really great conquests of the mountain [in 1889] though she got but two thirds up." (Haines, p. 106). (Pierce County.).

CHUTLA PEAK

Chutla Peak is east of Longmire in Mount Rainier National Park in Lewis County south and east of Eagle Peak. It is named for the Nisqually Indian word for "rock" and is south of the Tatoosh Mountains.(Hitchman, p. 49).(Lewis Co.).

CLEAR CREEK

The name Clear Creek was given to what is now called Tatoosh Creek which is an outlet for Reflection Lake on the Stevens Canyon Highway on Mount Rainier. The name was given by Hazard Stevens and P.B. Van Trump during their August 17-18, 1870 climb of Mount Rainier. [Aubrey Haines, Mountain Fever, p. 220.]

CLEARWATER-CARBON RIDGE

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In 1981 the Sierra Club published a map entitled "Clearwater-Carbon Ridge Roadless Area" showing it to be made up of land north of Mount Rainier National Park in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Few roads enter this remote region. There are no glaciers so the stream water is free of glacial till and therefore clear. (Pierce County.).

CLEARWATER RIVER

The Clearwater River flows north and west into the White River near Mud Mountain Dam. It contains no glacier water for it drains an area separated from the glaciers of Mount Rainier by the Carbon Ridge. The White River is glacial in origin. (Pierce County.).

CLIFF LAKE.

This small lake is just south of Lane Peak in the Tatoosh Range of Mountains in the southern part of the National Park. The lake is surrounded by cliffs. Its elevation in 5200 feet. (Encyclopedia).

CLOUD CAMP

Dee Molenaar's book Challenge of Rainier, recorded that before 1888 Camp Muir near the 10,000 foot level near the top of the Cowlitz Glacier was called Cloud Camp for its location in the clouds. (Pierce County.).

CLOVER LAKE

Clover Lake is in the northeast region of Mount Rainier National Park. It was named

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by William Tufts in 1913 who thought that it looked like a clover leaf. The lake is nine acres in size and is nine and a half miles northeast of the Mount Rainier summit. It drains into the headwaters of Sunrise Creek. (Pierce County.).

COLONNADE CLIFF

The encyclopedia of information about Mount Rainier National Park describes the cliff as a ridge between the South Mowich and Puyallup Glaciers that was given the name "...because of the columnar structures of the rock which is very apparent here." Encyclopedia...Volume II, part l. ). (Pierce County.).

COLUMBIA CREST.

This name was suggested by H.E. Holmes of the E. S. Ingraham climbing party of 1891. The party spent two nights on the summit and before leaving jointly chose the name for it was believed at the time that it was the highest point in the United States. It was called Crater Peak by Stevens and Van Trump. (Meany, p. 306).

A report published in the Seattle Telegraph. July 28, 1894 notes that Frank W. Hawkins named it Columbia Crest while he was a member of Ingraham's July 18, 1894 conquest of the peak.

COMET FALLS

"Because of its resemblance to the spreading 'tail' of a comet..." Comet Falls on the West Fork of Van Trump Creek were given that name. The upper and lower falls have a combined height of two hundred fifty feet. (Pierce County.).

COPPER CREEK.

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Copper Creek was named by James Longmire and William Packwood for the green rock which they thought to be copper. Eventually there was a copper mine complete with an ore crusher behind the Copper Creek Restaurant on the Mountain Highway near the Nisqually entrance to the National Park. Amethyst was also mined nearby. (Filley, p. 11). (Pierce County).

COPPER MOUNTAIN

This mountain has an elevation of 6,306 feet and is located south and west of the summit of Mount Rainier. (Decisions # 6701). There were great hopes before the turn of the century that mines on Mount Rainier would be a source of gold, silver, copper and other precious metals. (Pierce County.).

COUGAR ROCK

This large outcropping of rock beside the road from Longmire to Paradise is nearly two miles above Longmire. "Old timers state that a meadow lay near this rock in the early days and cougars used the rock as a spot in which to lie in wait for deer feeding in the meadow to get within striking distance." (Encyclopedia, Volume II, part 1. ). (Pierce County.).

In writing of his experiences with cougar in the National Park Fred Schmoe write: "The author has lived in Mount Rainier National Park for years and has never seen nor heard one of these animals although prowling tracks are often found near the houses and several animals are hunted with dogs and killed each year." [F.W.Schmoe. Our Greatest Mountain, a handbook for Mount Rainier National Park. New York: G.P.Putnam, 1925, p. 239-240.].

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COWLITZ

Cowlitz is the name of many geographical features in the State of Washington including those within the National Park. The name appears in print as early as the Lewis and Clark journals of 1805 where it was written as "Cowliskee." (Meany, p. 306). The word is said to mean "...capturing the medicine spirit."

Locations named Cowlitz begin on the Cowlitz Glacier on the southeast side of Mount Rainier and continue in the Cowlitz River, which flows south into Cowlitz County. (Meany, p. 59-60). (Pierce County.).

COWLITZ CLEAVER

Cowlitz Cleaver is a steep rock formation between the upper end of the Cowlitz Glacier and the Nisqually Glacier. The lower part of the cleaver is the site of Camp Muir and the Cleaver is part of the Gibraltar route to the summit of the Mountain. (Pierce County.).

COWLITZ PARK

Cowlitz Park is east of the lower end of the Cowlitz Glacier in an open area south of the Ohanapecosh Glacier. It is west of the Cowlitz Divide and is drained by the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River which flows south out of the National Park. (Pierce County.).

COWLITZ ROCKS

Cowlitz Rocks are a large group of rocks on the southeast slope of Mount Rainier located between the Paradise and Cowlitz Glaciers. They were named in 1907 by Mountain guide Jules Stampfler "who found a name necessary to satisfy the curiosity of his companies of tourists..." (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 306). (Pierce County.).

CRATER CREEK

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Crater Creek flows southwest from Mowich Lake into the North Mowich River. It was named by Bailey Willis who thought that the lake was a crater of a mountain. The name of the lake was later changed but not the creek. (Pierce County.).

CRATER LAKE

This first name for Mowich Lake was given by Bailey Willis who thought that the lake occupied the crater of a collapsed mountain. Writing much later Willis recorded "...the amphitheaters which the young geologist mistook for craters are now known to be glacier basins eroded by ice." The elevation of the lake is 4929 feet. (Pierce County).

CRATER PEAK

Crater Peak was a name supplied by Hazard Stevens and P. B. Van Trump in their successful 1870 ascent of the mountain to the highest point on the mountain which is now known as Columbia Crest. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 306). (Pierce County.).

CRAZY CREEK

Crazy Creek is a name was given to Devil's Dream Creek in the Indian Henry Hunting Ground in the National Park by James Sproule who wrote that the creek jumps "....through the hunting ground..." (Sproule, p. 18)..

CRESCENT

A creek, lake and mountain in the National Park are named Crescent. They are located east of Mother Mountain and south of Chenius Mountain. The mountain is crescent shaped and lends its name to the rest of the features. It was named by Bailey Willis in 1883. The lake is on the north side of the mountain and the creek flows west into the Carbon River. (Decisions # 29, June 30,1932). (Pierce County.).

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CRESCENT LAKE.

This twenty-three acre lake is on the north side of Crescent Mountain. It drains into Spukwush Creek and eventually into the Carbon River.

CRYSTAL CREEK

This creek flows west and north from the south end of Crystal Mountain into the White River in the northeast region of the National Park. One of its sources is Crystal Lake which has an elevation of 6,830 feet. (Pierce County.).

CRYSTAL MOUNTAIN

This mountain peak is north and east of Mount Rainier east of the northeast corner of the National Park. "Crystal mountain is remarkable for its glass-like formations..." (Sproule, p. 18). A large ski resort has been built on the east side of the mountain. (Pierce County.).

CRYSTAL MOUNTAIN

This Crystal Mountain is located north of Squaw Lake in the Indian Henry Hunting Ground on the southwest side of Mount Rainier. The elevation of the peak is 6,306 feet. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 307). This name was given for its "...stark white appearance during winter snows." (Hitchman, p. 62). (Pierce County.).

CUSHMAN CREST

Cushman Crest is a ridge which is below Van Trump Glacier on the south slope of Mount Rainier. It was named for Congressman Francis W. Cushman of Tacoma.

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Cushman died on July 6, 1909, and was popular with Tacomans. One of his achievements was that he had worked to obtain title to Point Defiance for the City of Tacoma park of that name. A statue of the congressman is located near the main entrance to Point Defiance Park. (Pierce County.).

CUSHMAN FALLS

Following the death of Francis W. Cushman there was a movement to change the name of Narada Falls to honor him. For some years the name Cushman was attached to the falls on some maps. (Pierce County.).

DALLES RIDGE.

A ridge running northwest to southeast cresting at 6,176 feet east of The Dalles and south of the Greenwater River is within four miles of the Pierce-Yakima County line. Corral Pass is at its south eastern end. See: The Dalles. (Pierce County).

DEADWOOD CREEK

Deadwood Creek flows north and west from Deadwood Lakes just north of Chinook Pass on the crest of the Cascade Mountains. It joins the White River north of Klickitat Creek and was named for the large number of trees downed by a long ago storm. (Panoramic View of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington.). (Pierce County).

DEADWOOD LAKES

Two small lakes immediately west of the Pierce-Yakima County line are called Deadwood Lakes for the large amount of downed timber around them. They are north of Yakima Peak and are drained into the White River by Deadwood Creek. (Pierce County).

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DEER CREEK

There are a number of creeks in the county to which the name "deer" has been attached. One is near the western edge of Glacier View Wilderness which flows into the Puyallup River. A second Deer Creek flows west into Chinook Creek on the east side of Mount Rainier.

Regarding attaching the name deer to features Robert Hitchman wrote that the name "...is so commonly used...that it fails to identify the features which bear it...." (Hitchman p. 68). (Pierce County).

DEGE PEAK

Dege Peak with an elevation of 7,006 feet is in the northeast portion of Mount Rainier National Park overlooking Yakima Park. It was named for James Dege, a prominent Tacoman. Mr. Dege was born in Philadelphia, July 27, 1868. After schooling in Atlanta he entered the merchandising business and came to Tacoma in 1889. He eventually owned one of the largest clothing stores in the city. (Pierce County).

DENMAN FALLS

These falls on St. Andrews Creek near the west boundary of Mount Rainier National Park were named for Asahel Holmes Denman, a mountaineer of Tacoma who originated winter outings in the Park beginning in 1912. (Decisions #29, June 30, 1932).

Denman was born in New York, November 29, 1859, graduated from Northwestern University in 1883 and obtained a law degree from the State University of Iowa in 1885. He came to Tacoma in 1890 to practice his profession and was involved in the campaign to "restore" the name Tacoma to the mountain and died in December, 1940. (Tacoma News Tribune Dec. 27, 1940). (Pierce County.)

DENMAN PEAK

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On June 21, 1931, the Mountaineers named a flat-topped peak between Lane and Plummer Peaks in the Tatoosh range in Lewis County in the southern end of the National Park for Asahel Holmes Denman.

"Following twenty years of work in the interests of the Mountaineers club, A. H. Denman of Tacoma has been honored by having one of the last unnamed peaks in the Tatoosh Range dedicated as Denman Peak by a group of mountaineers who ascended it Sunday. Major O. A. Tomlinson of the Rainier National Park and Horace Albright of the National Park Service recommended Denman's name for the peak, formerly known as "that" peak, as the most suitable.

"Denman Peak lies south of Mount Tacoma between Plummer and Lane peaks. Denman who was presented with a deed to the mountain is a prominent Tacoma attorney." [The Tacoma Ledger. June 23, 1931.]. (Pierce County.)

DEVILS DREAM CREEK

A small tributary of Pyramid Creek on the trail from Longmire Springs to Indian Henry's Hunting Ground on Mount Rainier was named by Ben Longmire because "...it is crooked as a devil's dream..." It is also called Crazy Creek. (Sproule, p. 18). (Pierce County).

DICK CREEK

This small tributary of the Carbon River flows from the Elysian Fields area of Mount Rainier National Park. It is probably named for Dick Williams who was employed in caring for the pack animals used for before roads were built especially to the more remote areas of the park. (Encyclopedia... Volume II, part 1). (Pierce County).

DISAPPOINTMENT CLEAVER

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Dee Molenaar has written that "....in some years Ingraham (Glacier) is so badly crevassed that even the base of Disappointment Cleaver cannot be reached; under these conditions a long traverse must be made below the cleaver to the Emmons (Glacier.)..." thus the disappointment. (Molenaar, p. 73.). The Cleaver is between the upper end of the Ingraham Glacier and Emmons Glacier on Mount Rainier.

In 1998 the following was written about the cleaver:

"Disappointment Cleaver, familiar to Northwest climbers, is so named because it's the point at which climbers who are feeling good about how far they've come up the mountain suddenly start to feel fatigue and nausea, and realize how far they remain from the summit.

"Jim Klasch of Seattle Mountain Rescue says it's the most dangerous part of the climb, because climbers are crossing ice, rock and loose snow." [The Seattle Times. June 12, 1998. p. A-1.](Pierce County).

DIVISION ROCK

Located in the northwest quadrant of Mount Rainier National Park below the North Mowich Glacier Division Rock is west of Tillicum Point on Ptarmigan Ridge. The division part of the name has to do with dividing the waters of the North Mowich River as they flow north and west to eventually join the Mowich River.

DOE CREEK

Doe Creek is one of the several creeks that drain the north side of Mother Mountain. This one flows below Castle Rock and joins Ipsut Creek which then flows into the Carbon River in the northwest region of the National Park. (Pierce County).

DOE CREEK

This Doe Creek is parallel to Buck Creek and is separated from that creek by Fawn Ridge. The two creeks flow northeast into the White River a few miles north of the

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northeast corner of Mount Rainier National Park. (Pierce County).

DOUBLE PEAK

Double Peak is located in the east central portion of the National Park north of the Ohanapecosh River. The peaks are 6,200 feet and 5,367 feet in elevation and look somewhat alike. (Panoramic View of the Mount Rainier National Park, Washington.). (Pierce County).

EAGLE NEST.

This second name for Camp Misery was used in 1892 to describe the narrow ledge used by a climbing group containing Dr. Grant S. Hicks, Dr. George B. Hayes and Dr. James Van Marter of Rome. After some difficulties the party had to retreat to Paradise Park after a night in the camp and on August 20, 1892, Eagle Nest was used as a staging area for what turned out to be a successful climb. It is known to history as the first time a foreigner completed a climb of the mountain and the first time sleeping bags were used. (Haines, p. 140-41).

EAGLE PEAK.

According to Bette Filley the original name of this peak was "Simlayshe" which meant eagle. [Filley, p. 113]. It is on the north side of the Tatoosh Range and peaks at 5958 feet. It is one of the peaks that can be seen from Ricksecker Point.

EAST CRATER

The Washington Board of Geographic Names on December 9, 1977, adopted the name, East Crater, as the official designation for the eastern part of the crater at the summit of Mount Rainier. (Pierce County).

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ECHO CLIFFS

Echo Cliffs are located on the southeast side of Cataract Creek above the Carbon Glacier moraine. They are steep and would serve as an echo point below Seattle Park. They are exactly north of Echo Rock.

The Seattle-Post Intelligencer expedition of 1894 visited the area on December 23, 1894. William Sheffield of the P.I. Staff wrote the following: "When one called his words would be answered several times and continue ringing until the force of the sound died away in the distance. The major [Ingraham] seeing looks of inquiry, calmly announced," The Echo Cliffs." (Pierce County).

ECHO ROCK

Echo Rock is on the northwest side of the mountain with an elevation of 7,862 feet. The rock divides the Russell Glacier into two parts and was once called Seattle Rock by Major E. S. Ingraham who reported that he had no idea who changed the name. (Meany, p. 307). It is above Seattle Park and directly south of Echo Cliffs. (Pierce County).

EDITH CREEK

Rising from the Paradise Glacier moraine on Mount Rainier this creek was named by Jules Stamphler, a mountain guide, in 1907 for a lady member of his party whose last name he did not obtain. Charlotte Plummer Medlock of Tacoma a grand-niece of Fred Plummer, an engineer and cartographer, said that it was a family tradition that the creek was named for Mr. Plummer's sister, Edith.

Mrs. Edith Maring Willey wrote that when she was sixteen in 1907 she had gone to Anvil Rock to see the Cowlitz Glacier and on the way down ruined her shoes, and

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Jules Stamphler and Bailey Tremper, one "..on either side of me, held me up and 'glissaded' me down the mountain..." The Park Ranger, Mr. Cunningham "....wrote that Jules Stamphler had named a creek for me." (Willey, Edith M. Bremerton, Washington. February 24, 1977). (Pierce County).

EDMUNDS GLACIER

Located on the eastern slope of Mount Rainier this glacier was named for United States Senator George F. Edmunds who visited there in June of 1883. So impressed with the scenery of the mountain Edmunds that he joined with a group of prominent men who wrote a joint letter urging the establishment of a national park. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 308).

Edmunds was born in Vermont on February 1, 1828, was admitted to the bar in 1849, and served in the Vermont Legislature from 1854 to 1866. He was a member of the United States Senate from 1866 until 1891. He moved to California where he practiced law until he died in 1919. (U.S. Congress.Biographical Directory, p.899). (Pierce County).

ELYSIAN FIELDS

The Elysian Fields are on the north slope of Mt. Rainier below Crescent Mountain and were named by Major E.S. Ingraham in 1888. In classic mythology the Elysian fields were a place where the good dwelt, hense a paradise. There are at least twenty lakes in the area called Elysian Fields Lakes. (Lakes of Western Washington, p. 310).

Major E.S. Ingraham conducted a expedition to Mount Rainier for the Seattle Post Intelligencer in December, 1894. The editor of the published account of the climb noted that the original Elysian Fields were south of Old Desolate and Moraine Park and not north as they are now shown on maps.["The First Winter Expedition to Mount Rainier, 1894." Northwest Discovery. II (July-August, 1981, p. 406-423.] (Pierce County).

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EMERALD RIDGE

This ridge with an elevation of 5,306 feet is between the South Puyallup River and Tahoma Creek. It is named for the greenish color of the rock that makes it up and for the great green tree forest covering it. (Pierce County).

EMMONS GLACIER

Emmons Glacier, the largest on Mount Rainier, was named for Samuel Emmons who, with A.D. Wilson, made the second successful ascent of Mount Rainier. (Meany, Mount Rainier p. 308). A pamphlet published by Fred G. Plummer of Tacoma lists this glacier as Blaine for Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and it was called the Blaine Glacier by the Seattle Post Intelligencer Expedition of December, 1894. (Pierce County).

Samuel Franklin Emmons was born in Boston on May 29, 1841. He was an eminent geologist who was part of the U.S. Geological Survey exploration of the 40th parallel. He died March 28, 1911. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 135).

EMMONS VISTA.

Emmons Vista is a location on a trail below the main parking lot at the Sunrise Visitor Center in the northeast quadrant of the National Park. It is reached only by foot trail and has a magnificent view of the Emmons Glacier, Little Tahoma, and the White River Valley.

EUNICE LAKE.

Eunice Lake is in the northwest corner of the National Park near Tolmie Peak. Professor Bailey Willis named the lake for William F. Tolmie in 1883 but the name was later changed to honor Mrs. W.H. Gilstrap of Tacoma.

The Gilstraps were prominent in the affairs of the Washington State Historical Society for a number of years. Mr. Gilstrap was a painter of landscapes, portraits,

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murals. They moved to Tacoma, Washington, in 1890. He was the first curator of the Washington State Historical Society Museum in Tacoma and was president of the Tacoma Art League.

The lake is a mile and a quarter northwest of Mowich Lake and is drained by Meadow Creek into the Mowich River. It is listed as being 12.1 acres in size. (Meany, p. 308).

EVANS CREEK

Evans Creek flows into the Carbon River near the townsite of Montezuma south of Fairfax in the Carbon River coal country. Evans creek "... was named after a man named Evans who had a cabin on the creek..."(Hall,p. 175.). An Off Road Vehicle park opened in the Evans Creek area in 1985.

The 1914 annual report of the Superintendent of Mt. Rainier National Park indicated that Sherman Evans and Ike Evans had mining claims on the creek. (1914 Annual Report. p. 9).

Erwin Thompson in his 1981 book on Mount Rainier reported that W.L.Evans "squatted" on the upper Carbon River in June of 1895 and lived there until he died in May of 1906. (Thompson, p. 116. (Pierce County).

FALLS CREEK

Falls Creek are in the northwest area of Mount Rainier National Park. The creek is divided from Ranger Creek by Rust Ridge and flows northeast and then northwest into the Carbon River over a series of waterfalls. It is one and a half mile east of the Carbon entrance to the National Park.(River Mile Index, p. 19). (Pierce County).

FAN LAKE

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Fan Lake is a five acre lake which drains southeasterly into the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River. It is named for the "rock formation south of the Cowlitz Glacier..." that looks like an old fashioned fan. (Lakes of Western Washington p. 301).

FAY PEAK

Located in the northwestern portion of Mount Rainier National Park, this peak was named for Fay Fuller of Tacoma who was the first woman to climb to the top of the mountain. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 308). Miss Fuller, who later became Mrs. Fritz von Briesen, was the daughter of John N. Fuller, a local newspaperman and editor. Her first ascent occurred on August 10, 1890, and her second on July 27, 1897.

Soon after Miss Fuller, who was writer and newspaper woman, moved east and lived in New York. (Tacoma Times, July 11, 1943). The name Fay Peak first appeared on the Henry Sarvent map of the Mountain published in 1895. (Aubrey Haines, Mountain Fever. p. 224). (Pierce County).

FIR LAKE

Fir Lake at an elevation of 4,325 feet on the east slope of the Cowlitz Divide in Mount Rainier National Park is a source for Olalla Creek. "It is surrounded principally by various species of fir trees." (Encyclopedia, Vol. II, part 1.). (Pierce County).

FISH CREEK

Fish Creek flows from the Round Pass area southwest into Tahoma Creek in the southwest corner of the National Park. Grater wrote that it "...is an important rearing stream for small trout and aids greatly in stocking Tahoma Creek." (Grater, p. 42). (Pierce County).

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FISHERS HORNPIPE CREEK

This small creek flows southward from Pyramid Peak into the Pyramid Creek which then flows into Kautz Creek on Mt. Rainier. It is north and east of Devils Dream Creek and was named about the same time. The Encyclopedia of Information of Mount Rainier Park records that it was named by Ben Longmire "...because it sang a regular `fishers hornpipe' to us at our camp." (Pierce County).

FLETT GLACIER.

This small permanent snow field is near Ptarmigan Ridge on the northwestern slope of Mount Rainier. Professor John B. Flett of the Tacoma Public Schools was for many years one of the most enthusiastic explorers of the mountain area and had the honor of naming a number of locations on the mountain (Meany, p. 308).

John B. Flett was born in the Orkney Islands in 1859 and come to the United States in 1874. He graduated in 1885 from Hamilton College with first honors in chemistry, and until 1892 when he came to Tacoma, he was teacher and principal of schools in New York State.

He continued this career in Tacoma but also began his botanizing work and in 1896 he went into the Olympics with a party of gold hunters. The next season he went alone, and July 20, 1897, he made his first discovery of a new species, a large and beautiful violet with kidney-shaped leaves.

He was a park ranger between 1913 and 1921.

FORECASTLE.

"It was decided to call the camp at steamboat prow Forecastle. It was christened later on the trip. We now had but one week more. The best of the trip ws over. After the Goodight song we toasted marshmellows."[Catherine Seabury unpublished

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journal for August 9, 1930].

FOREST LAKE

This alpine lake is on a ridge in the forest at the west end of Sourdough Mountain near Sunrise in Mount Rainier National Park. It is one of the few lakes in the Huckleberry Creek drainage system. It is two acres in size and is quite shallow. (Pierce County).

FOSS CREEK

Foss Creek runs north from the Dalles Ridge to the Greenwater River in Township 19 North Range 10 East Willamette Meridian. It was named for Henry Foss who owned land drained by the creek. A high school in Tacoma is named for Mr. Foss a member of the famous Foss family who owned the Foss Launch and Tug Company of Tacoma. Mr. Foss died in 1986. (Pierce County).

FROG HEAVEN

Robert Hitchman (p. 100) describes Frog Heaven as a marshy area in Mt. Rainier National Park near the junction of the Paradise and Nisqually Rivers. The name was given to the area because the marsh "...houses a multitude of frogs." The Arthur F. Knight journal of an 1893 expedition describes Frog Heaven as a site along the trail to the Paradise valley. (Lewis Co. ).

FROZEN LAKE

This small lake in the northeast area of Mt. Rainier National Park is frozen much of the year having an elevation of 6,700 feet. Hitchman (p. 101) indicates that the lake furnishes the water for the public facilities at Sunrise Park. (Pierce County).

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FRYINGPAN CREEK

Fryingpan Creek received its name in the summer of 1894 when three Tacomans "packed around the Mountain. While crossing the stream, they threw their packs across. The frying pan fell out of one pack and was carried away." (Grater, p. 57). Other fryingpans apparently have fallen out of other packs over the years for numbers of other people have claimed to have lost fryingpans at or near the creek. (Pierce County).

FRYINGPAN GLACIER

Fryingpan Glacier is on the east central slope of Mount Rainier. There are two stories for the origin of the name; one that some campers lost a frying pan in the creek or two, that the glacier itself is shaped like a frying pan. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 309). F. G. Plummer calls this glacier Urania to honor the Urania Society of New York. (Pierce County).

FUHRER FINGER

A "snow couloir" on Mount Rainier was first climbed on July 2, 1920. It is located at about the 11,500 foot level on the upper west edge of the Nisqually Glacier. (Molenaar, p. 80). It was named for Hans and Heinie Fuhrer, Swiss Mountain climbers who were employed in the 1920s as guides. (Schmoe, p. 99). The name was adopted as official by the State Board of Geographic Names on December 9,1977. (Pierce County).

FUHRER THUMB

Fuhrer Thumb is a rock formation high on the Nisqually Glacier side of Mount Rainier. It was first climbed in 1972 by James Wickwire, Charles Raymond, and Thomas Stewart. The name was adopted by the State Board on December 9,1977. (Pierce County).

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GALLATIN SPRING.

In 1924 the Mountaineers summer outing around Mount Rainier made a stop at Spray Park. Inez Craven (Mrs William Kilmer) brought a clipping which told about the "Spring Builders of America," a group started by Miss Neal Gallatin for the purpose of inspiring campers to fix springs so water would be more easily accessible.

At Spray Park a group of the Mountaineers carried large rocks and "paved" one of the springs naming it for Miss Gallatin. The Mountaineers had a service on the site on August 9, 1962 dedicating the place as Gallatin Spring. [Spray-Echo, Journal of the Mountaineers outing at Spray Park Mount Rainier, July 28-August 11, 1962]

GARDA FALLS

Located in Granite Creek, a tributary of Winthrop Creek in the north central part of the National Park, these falls were named by A.H. Barnes for Miss Garda Fogg of Tacoma. (Meany, Mount Rainier p. 309). Miss Fogg was born in Glencoe, Illinois, and died in Puyallup at the age of 98 in the summer of 1976. (Tacoma News Tribune September 10, 1976). (Pierce County).

GHOST LAKE

This small lake west of the Mather Memorial Highway near but below Cayuse Pass is located in a small valley which is snow covered much of the year. A misty fog gives the place a ghost-like appearance. The lake is drained to the north by Klickitat Creek which flows through it. The lake is a result of a great landslide that blocked and dammed Klickitat Creek many years ago. (Crandell, p. 35). (Pierce County).

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GIBRALTAR

Gibraltar Rock is southeast of the summit of Mount Rainier and was named by E.S. Ingraham in 1889 "....because of its resemblance to the guardian of the Mediterranean Sea." (Haines, Mountain Fever, p. 223). It is at an elevation of 12,679 feet and is "...famous and forbidding..."(Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 309).

It is "...considered the most dangerous spot on the summit route because of the falling rocks." (Encyclopedia). Fred Beckey (p. 92) wrote that it has the "....characteristics of a frowning battlement..." (Pierce County).

GIBRALTAR CHUTE

Gibraltar Chute is a snowfield near Gibraltar Rock which is crossed by mountain climbers on their way to the mountain summit by the Gibraltar Route. The State Board for Geographic Names adopted the name at a meeting held December 9,1977.

Of this place Hazard Stevens wrote: "Our route back was the same as on the ascent. At the steepest and most perilous point in descending the steep gutter where we had been forced to cut steps in the ice we fastened one end of the rope ....and lowered ourselves down by it as far as it reached..." (Pierce County).

GIFFORD PINCHOT NATIONAL FOREST

Located chiefly along the Cascade mountain range south of Mount Rainier to the Columbia River this national forest was named in 1949 for Gifford Pinchot the first professional forester in the United States and the first chief of the United States Forest Service.

Mr. Pinchot was also active in Pennsylvania politics during a long career of public service. A large area of the forest became Mt. St. Helens Volcanic National Monument following the eruption of the mountain in 1980.

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The National Forest had previously been known as Columbia National Forest named for the Columbia River. In 1916 the Columbia National Forest consisted of 776,460 acres on Cowlitz, Klickitat, Lewis, Skamania and Yakima Counties. (Landes, p. 48). (Pierce County).

GLACIER BASIN

This location at the 6,000 foot elevation between the Emmons and Winthrop Glaciers on the east side of the mountain was named "...as it lies below Inter Glacier and between Emmons and Winthrop Glaciers and is an old glacial cirque." Starbo Camp, a mining operation was in the basin and some ruins could be seen for a number of years. (Encyclopedia, Volume II, part 1.). (Pierce County).

GLACIER CREEK

This name was given to the Paradise River in 1870 by P.B. Van Trump and Hazard Stevens. It rises in the Paradise Glacier which the two mountain climbers called the Little Nisqually Glacier. (Aubrey Haines, p. 221.). (Pierce County).

GLACIER ISLAND

Glacier Island is an outcropping of rock on the southwestern slope of Mount Rainier that lies like an island of rock between the lower parts of the Tahoma and South Tahoma Glaciers. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 309).

The 1938 edition of the Mount Rainier National Park map published by the United States Geological Survey shows the place to be in two parts with a "finger" of the South Tahoma Glacier almost dividing the rock. (Pierce County).

GLACIER VIEW WILDERNESS

Created in July, 1984, under Federal Wilderness legislation this area of 3,000 acres

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immediately west of the southwest corner of Mount Rainier National Park has views of the Puyallup, Tahoma, Kautz, and other glaciers on the west side of the mountain. Mount Beljica is in the wilderness area. (Pierce County).

GOAT CREEK

Goat Creek rises eight miles northeast of Chinook Pass and flows north-west to join Silver Creek which flows into the White River. "It was named by Forest Service personnel because it flows down the west side of Castle Mountain through a wild goat range." (Hitchman, p. 106). (Pierce County).

GOAT CREEK

Goat Creek rises in Goat Lake less than a quarter mile west of the west boundary of the National Park. It parallels the park boundary for two miles and then turns southwest to join the Nisqually River. It is west of Mount Wow which means "goat" in the Yakima Indian language. (Pierce County).

GOAT ISLAND MOUNTAIN

Goat Island Mountain crests at 7,301 feet on a spur between Emmons Glacier at the lower portion of Fryingpan Glacier. On the north it is bordered by the White River. Mountain goats were often seen on the peak. (Pierce County).

GOAT ISLAND ROCK

The Carbon Glacier is divided into two large parts near its snout by a large rock. Mountain goats are often seen in the area, hense the name given to this rock. (Pierce County).

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GOAT LAKE

Goat Lake is less than a half a mile west of the west boundary of the National Park in the Glacier View Wilderness area. It is northeast of Mount Beljica and is drained by Goat Creek which flows south into the Puyallup River a mile west of the Nisqually Entrance to the National Park. Mount Wow is south and east of the lake. (Pierce County).

GOAT MOUNTAIN

This mountain is in the extreme southwest corner of Mount Rainier National Park. "Wow" is a Yakima Indian word for goat. (Grater, p. 42). (Pierce County).

GOAT STAIRS.

Goat Stairs is the name given to a talus slope on the east side of the Carbon Ridge overlooking the Cayada Creek valley immediately north of the northwest corner of Mount Rainier National Park. The "Stairs" terminate at Surprise Lake. It would take a mountain goat to climb the great pile of rocks on the landscape. (The Tacoma Ledger. December 12, 1893).

GOATS PASS

Goats Pass is in Mount Rainier National Park and has an elevation of 5,300 feet. It is east of Kotsuck Creek and south of Owyhigh Lakes on the east side of the mountain. " The pass was undoubtedly named for the mountain goats which inhabit the nearby mountains." (Hitchman, p. 107). (Pierce County).

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GOBLERS KNOB

A bald promontory in the northern section of Mount Wow in the south western portion of Mount Rainier National Park is named Goblers Knob. A crew working on trails in 1930 had a young man from Tennessee who said, "These bald knobs look just like the kind of country in which we used to hunt turkeys. I'll bet there are goblers there." (Encyclopedia, Volume II, part 1). (Pierce County).

GOLDEN GATE

Paul H. Sceva wrote that Golden Gate was a location on the Paradise Ice Caves trail from Paradise Lodge where "... the trail on terra ferma ended and you stepped onto the Paradise Glacier..." Distant views of the Tatoosh mountain range are spectacular. (Sceva, p. 168). (Pierce County).

GOLDEN LAKES

A group of fifteen or more small lakes near the western edge of Mount Rainier National Park in the Sunset Park region were named "Golden" because "....the golden sunset colors reflected from their surfaces."(Decisions #29, June 30, 1932 p. 5).

The lakes are drained by Rushingwater Creek on the northwest and are breeding grounds for mosquitoes during warm weather which make them less than "golden" to hikers. (Pierce County).

GOVE PEAK

Gove Peak is in the northwest area of the National Park on the southwest side of the Carbon River. Herbert H. Gove, a prominent Tacoman, was the founder of the Tacoma Abstract and Title Company in association with Edwin J. McNeeley. Mr.

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Gove arrived in Tacoma on September 1, 1889 after a newspaper career in Minnesota and eventually became president of the Commonwealth Title Trust Company. (Pierce County).

GOVERNORS RIDGE

This ridge is in the eastern portion of Mount Rainier National Park above Stevens Canyon and runs in a general north to south direction. The name was suggested by Park Superintendent Ethan Allen "...for all men who have held that office or may hold it in the future." (Hitchman, p. 109). (Pierce County).

GRAND PARK

A large area in the north central part of the National Park was named Grand for the "...miles of relatively level ground, flower strewn and ornamented with circular groves of alpine firs and hemlocks with deer abundant every summer make the name an appropriate one." (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 309). The major part of the park area is at the 5600 foot level. (Pierce County).

"Fine ash and frothy pumice, thrown explosively into the air, fell to blanket the surrounding landscape. The prevailing easterly winds carried most of this material to the northeast and the deposits are several tens of feet thick at Yakima Park and Grand Park." [Howard R. Stagner, Behind the Scenery of Mount Rainier National Park, p. 28.].

GRANITE CREEK

This creek flows north and west from Burroughs Mountain and joins Winthrop Creek near the snout of the Winthrop Glacier. Garda Falls are a feature of the lower course of the creek. Much of the nearby rock is granite. (Pierce County).

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GRANT CREEK.

Lee Creek rises below Mount Pleasant in the northwestern region of the National Park and joins Crater Creek as it flows south and west into Crater Creek just before it joins the North Fork of the Mowich River. The next creek to the east is Grant Creek which rises southeast of Mount Pleasant. Whenever names like Lee and Grant appear close to each other on maps is generally assumed that they were named for the Civil War Generals, Robert E. Lee and U. S. Grant. (Pierce County).

GREEN LAKE

This lake in Mount Rainier National Park is located at an elevation of 3,185 feet below the north end of Rust Ridge. Ranger Creek flows into the lake from the southwest and then drains the lake into the Carbon River. "It is completely surrounded by heavy (green) forest." (Grater p. 46). (Pierce County).

GREENWATER RIVER

This stream forms part of the northeast boundary of (Pierce County.). with King County. James Longmire, a pioneer of 1853, reported that he crossed the river sixteen times while descending into Western Washington after passing over Naches Pass.(Washington Pioneer Project, p. 133).

Lieutenant Robert E. Johnson of the Wilkes expedition conducted an overland expedition from Fort Nisqually across the Cascades in 1841. Johnson wrote "...the stream...came from the main range and not from the glaciers of the great mountain and hence was a sparkling dancing rivulet of clearest water." (Meeker, Busy life, p. 173). (Pierce County).

GRINDSTONE

Grindstone was once located near but west of the western boundary of the National

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Park. When trails to the Tahoma Mining District near the North Mowich Glacier were being built in 1900 a grindstone was placed at a camp in the woods.(Meany, p. 105). The Bailey Willis trail was later called the Grindstone Trail. Other names associated with the area are Barktown and Palace Camp. (Pierce County).

HALL

This name was given to the Nisqually entrance to Mount Rainier National Park on the November, 1906, reconnaissance map of the park prepared by Eugene Ricksecker. Park Superintendent Edward S. Hall who served from 1910 to 1913 had a home at the park boundary. (Pierce County).

HALLS PASS

When Edmond S. Meany wrote his book on Mount Rainier in 1916 he indicated that Round Pass on the west side of the Mountain was to be renamed Halls Pass for former Park Superintendent E. S. Hall. The change, however, was not made. (Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 319). (Pierce County).

HAYDEN CREEK

Obadiah B. Hayden was once the manager of the Tacoma Land Company. Several mountain peaks on the Northwest side of Mount Rainier bear the names of prominent Tacomans who were members of the Tacoma business and real estate community such as William R.Rust, Herbert H. Gove, and Edwin J. McNeeley. Hayden Creek flows northwest into Meadow Creek which joins the Mowich River near the west boundary of the National Park.

Major Hayden as he was known from his Civil War rank was born in Indiana in 1843, served in the war and thereafter became a banker. He moved to Tacoma in 1888 and became post master in 1897. He joined the Tacoma Land Company in 1899 and spent the rest of his career in banking and land company business. (Pierce County).

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HENRYS HUNTING GROUND

This area in the south west portion of the National Park was named for the Cowlitz Indian, So-to-lick, who hunted there in the 1870s. Indian Henry and his family would often spend the summer in the Hunting Ground area where his stock would graze on grasses and his wives would pick and preserve the many berries available for winter use. The place is usually called Indian Henrys Hunting Ground. (Pierce County).

HESSONG ROCK

This large rock on the northwest shoulder of Mt. Rainier overlooks Spray Park. It was named for a Kapowsin photographer.(Encyclopedia. The 1915 (Pierce County.). Directory lists James L. Hessong as a resident of Kapowsin. The name was confirmed by the State Board of Geographic Names on June 7,1974. (Pierce County).

HIDDEN LAKE

This lake at the 5926 foot level on the Sunrise side of Mount Rainier north of Dege Peak was named by William F. Tufts in 1913 because it is "....rather concealed by forest and terrain." (Hitchman, p. 123). (Pierce County).

A second Hidden Lake is two miles west of the Pierce-Yakima County line northeast of Mutton Mountain and a third Hidden Lake is one mile west of the western boundary of the National Park north of the Glacier View Wilderness.

HILLSBORO

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Camp fourteen of the 1912 Mountaineers outing at Mount Rainier was located at the "...deserted mining town of Hillsboro..." (Mountaineer V (1912), p.23.) Plate twenty-three of the article shows Hillsboro to be two to three miles east of Fairfax on the north side of the Carbon River in the hills. (Pierce County).

HIMES FOREST CAMP

Located in Township 19 North Range 10 East near the Naches Pass Trail on the west side of the Cascades this national forest camp was named for George Himes of Portland who was the last survivor of the 1853 Longmire-Byles Wagon train, the first to use this northern branch of the Oregon Trail.

The camp was dedicated in September, 1934 when Mr. Himes was near completing his many years of service as curator of the Oregon Historical Society. [Oregon Historical Quarterly, XXXV (December, 1934), p.386.] (Pierce County).

HOWARD PEAK

Rust Ridge in the northwest corner of Mount Rainier National Park has two peaks, Howard and Arthur. Howard L. Rust was born April 11, 1886 in Denver, Colorado and was brought to Tacoma when his father William R. Rust took control of the Tacoma Smelter. He died April 9, 1911, at his farm in Hanford of heart disease. He and his brother Arthur were sons of William R. Rust, a prominent Tacoma businessman who had interests in the Mount Rainier Company. (Bonney, III, 12). (Pierce County).

HUCKLEBERRY

Huckleberry Park is below Sourdough Mountain in the northeast portion of Mount Rainier National Park. Huckleberry Creek flows from the region and joins the White River near Dalles Camp. Several species of huckleberries grow in the highlands of

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Western Washington and are excellent for pies and preserves. Several restaurants in the region specialize in mountain huckleberry pie. The United States Army has an alpine training center at Huckleberry. (Pierce County).

HUCKLEBERRY BASIN

Huckleberry Basin is a meadow area between Sunrise Park and McNeeley Peak on the northeast side of Mount Rainier. Several small creeks rise in the basin area and flow north to make up the Huckleberry Creek drainage system. (Pierce County).

HUCKLEBERRY CREEK

Huckleberry Creek flows northeast into the White River from the National Park passing through a portion of Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest north of the park. It drains Huckleberry Ridge from the west. See: Huckleberry. (Pierce County).

HUCKLEBERRY RIDGE

Huckleberry Ridge is in the northwest corner of the unit of Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest north of Mount Rainier National Park. Creeks flowing from the west and northwest side of the ridge are Mule, Hank, Joe, Jim, Nosedive, and Thirsty. The creeks from the east and southeast side of the ridge flow into Huckleberry Creek. Huckleberry Mountain is north of the ridge and of the Greenwater River in King County. (Pierce County).

HUCKLECHUCK

Hucklechuck consists of a few homes on the south side of the Carbon River east of Fairfax. The neighborhood has lots of huckleberries and there are many short streams that join the Carbon River. The "chuck" is a Chinook jargon term for "...a river or a stream.." (Shaw, p. 4). (Pierce County).

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INDIAN BAR

Located near the source of the Ohanapecoch River on the south-east side of Mount Rainier this feature is a flat open space which was once an Indian camping ground according to Edmond S. Meany. Indians from eastern Washington often stayed there while hunting in the region of the park. It was named by Park Supt. Owen Tomlinson on September 21, 1929.(Hitchman, p. 132). (Pierce County).

INDIAN HENRY'S HUNTING GROUND

In the 1870s Sotolick, a Cowlitz Indian, hunted in what is now Mount Rainier National Park. Henry Winsor, a pioneer mail carrier, named him Indian Henry.(Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 310). Satulick Mountain with an elevation of 5,574 feet rises above Kautz Glacier. It has been reported that Indian Henry had a secret gold mine on the mountain but that he used the hunting ground more for pasturage for his horses and cattle and berry picking than he did for other purposes. (Pierce County).

INGRAHAM GLACIER

Ingraham Glacier, on the southeast slope of Mount Rainier, was named by Professor I.C. Russell in 1896 for Edward Sturgis Ingraham of Seattle, an early mountaineer.(Meany, Mount Rainier, p. 310).

Ingraham arrived in Seattle in 1875 from Maine. He taught school and was Superintendent of King County Schools from 1875 to 1882 and of Seattle Schools from 1883 to 1889. He was a Colonel in the Militia, but was usually referred to as Major Ingraham. He climbed Mount Rainier eleven times often serving as a guide. He died in Seattle August 16, 1926.(Seattle Times, July 5,1959.). (Pierce County).

INSPIRATION POINT

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In 1928 reporters from the Tacoma Ledger traveled on the new road from Tacoma to Northeast Tacoma. They stopped at a point overlooking Commencement Bay which was called Inspiration Point. The view from Mount Rainier on the east to the Olympics on the west was "inspiring." (Pierce County).

INTER FORK WHITE RIVER

The Inter Fork of the White River rises at the lower end of the Interglacier and flows through Glacier Basin traveling east to join the White River near the Pierce-King County line. It was named for its source, Interglacier. (Pierce County).

INTERGLACIER

This small glacier between the Winthrop and Emmons Glaciers on the Mountain was named in 1896 "...from the fact that it does not head in the upper slopes, neither is it a tributary of any other glacier." (Ingraham, p. 40).It is located below Steamboat Prow. The name is sometimes recorded as Inter Glacier and is the source of the Inter Fork of the White River. (Pierce County).

IPSUT

In the northwest side of Mount Rainier Ipsut Creek rises from below Tolmie Creek and flows into the Carbon River. Ipsut Falls on the creek are a double fall and provide the water supply for Ipsut Creek campground. Shaw indicates that Ipsut is a Chinook jargon word for "...to conceal; hide, hid; concealed." (Shaw, p. 7). Thomas (p. 76) spells the word "Ipsoot" and adds "sly.....to hide anything...." to the definition of the term. (Pierce County).

IPSUT PASS

Ipsut Pass is north of Mowich Lake and above Mountain Meadows. For years it was called Ipsut Saddle. (Decisions #7002). A hiking trail crosses the pass and follows

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Ipsut Creek to Ipsut Campground, the only "developed" camping place in the Carbon River region of the National Park.