Motorcycle as a new massive mode of urban transportationsiteresources.worldbank.org/EXTURBANTRANSPORT/Resources/341448... · Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, 2009. In Colombia
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Ricardo Montezuma Msc, Ph.D. Director Fundación Ciudad Humana Profesor Titular Universidad Nacional Bogotá - Colombia Motorcycle as a new massive mode of urban transportation: a challenge for many LA countries, cities and citizens
Ricardo Montezuma Msc, Ph.D.Director Fundación Ciudad HumanaProfesor Titular Universidad NacionalBogotá - Colombia
Motorcycle as a new massive modeof urban transportation:
a challenge for many LA countries, cities and citizens
Presenter
Presentation Notes
For some of you, who know that the Humain City Foundation has been promoting in the last ten years sustainable transportation, may seem strange that now we are talking about motorcycles. Why? Because the explosive growth of this vehicle is changing very fast many cities and their mobility.
Contents
Introduction: ¿Why motorcycle?
Conclusions
4. What to do?
1. Growth of motorcycle stock2. Causes of its increase?
3. Externalities
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This presentation consists of four points along with an introduction and conclusion 1. Growth of motorcycle stock 2. Causes of its increase? 3. Externalities of motorcycles use 4. What we can do?
Introduction:Why motorcycle?
Why Motorcycle in LA?
It is the largest and most rapid transformation of urban transport in recent years.
New uses and users of motorcycle
Increase road traffic injuries
Reduction of urban transport
Environmental Pollution
Politicians and technicians have not
yet aware the motorcycle and its
magnitude
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Motorcycle represents the largest and most rapid transformation of urban transport in recent years. This vehicle has became from minority to majority. This situation is related with: - 1, 2, 3 4 - One of the most important issues is that the political actors and technicians are not yet taking into account the size of this huge phenomenon
Motorcycle as a new massive mode:new problems and challenges
Sincelejo, Colombia 2011
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. Let's see some pictures. This is one of the cities where two of every three vehicles are motorcycles. Few years ago, in the same picture there were few motorcycles and more bikes and public transport.
Ibagué, 2009
Ibagué, Colombia 2009
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This parking lot for motorcycles is in a mall in a city of half a million inhabitants.
New uses and new users
Transportation Entertainment
Cargo Work/informal public transpor
Sincelejo, Colombia 2011
Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 2009Cali, Colombia, 2009
Loja, Ecuador 2010
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So, we are facing a new kind of massive phenomenon, with new uses and users. Now in addition to traditional uses, like police, courier and sports. Motorcycles is using like everyday vehicle, entertainment, cargo and informal public transportation
“Mototaxismo” is another big problem
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Today, the use of motorcycle like a taxi, is quite common. There are “mototaxi” in Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia among others. There is even mototaxi in some large and important cities like Caracas, Rio de Janeiro, Mexico and Lima. Only Lima has legal rules for this use
No actionsMototaxis were grown
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In this Colombian city, “mototaxi” are killing the public transportation. In fact this news is about how the Bus companies started legal actions looking for public compensation from the State
Rural transport, 2010
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Motorcycles in Colombia are not just for cities, they are quite important in the rural areas. Even, have been replaced the small rural vehicles. �
Growth of the motorcycle stock1
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
0
2.000.000
4.000.000
6.000.000
8.000.000
10.000.000
12.000.000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Brasil Colombia Perú República Dominicana
Escala para BrasilEscala para losdemás paises
Motorcycles in Americas 2008
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There is no data for the all countries in the region. Here its exponential growth specially in the last five years
Fuente: Elaboración del autor, con base principalmente en el documento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud Informe sobre la situación mundial de la seguridad vial: es hora de pasar a la acción, Ginebra, 2009, p. 287.
Motorcycles in 2008
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There are many differences about stock between the regions. Today, America has more motorcycles than Europe,
Fuente: Elaboración del autor, con base principalmente en el documento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud Informe sobre la situación mundial de la seguridad vial: es hora de pasar a la acción, Ginebra, 2009, p. 287.
% of motorcycles in the total of vehicles 2008
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Now the dynamic for many countries in Latin America is similar to the Asia way, ten years ago.
Brazil: 22%Colombia: 39%.Dominican Republic 58%Peru 34%In others countries less than 10%
% of motorcycles in the total of vehicles, LAC 2008
Curitiba, Brazil - 2009
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Some examples: Colombia in the last three years were sold more motorcycles than during twenty century. Now, the motorcycle stock is higher than cars
Brazil: from1.5 at 15 m. in 20 years
1990 1.5 m.
2002 5 m.
2008 12 m.
Sao Paulo, Brazil - 2009
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In Brazil, the stock growth from 1.5 million to 15 million in only 20 years. Today are selling more than one million per year
Caracas, Venezuela: no specific data
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Caracas is one of the most complex situation, because motorcycles was promoted by the state but today there are not imports of parts.
Buenos Aires – Argentina nos aires, Argentina 2010:
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Buenos Aires, with a good and cheap public transportation system, there are around half million of motorcycles
Colombian stock evolution 1970-2008
Fuente: Base de datos del Ministerio de Transporte de Colombia. Gráfico elaborado por el autor.
Public and Legal incentifs fornational production
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In Colombia the explosive growth was in the last six years. It is important to note that there were significant incentives in the 70s and the 90s.
Fuente: Base de Datos del Ministerio de Transporte de Colombia.
Colombian motorcycle stock 1990- 2008
2004Tipping point
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The biggest transformation was in 2004 when were sold more motorcycles than cars per year. After this year, in Colombia are selling two or three times more motorcycles than cars each year. Today, the motorcycle is bigger than cars.
Causes of increase of the motorcyclestock?2
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Consider the recent and explosive growth of motorcycle, is very important to understand the different causes
2. International Context
3. National Context
4 New strategies of marketing, branding and selling motorcycles
5. Urban transportation problems
Fuente: Elaboración propia de la Fundación Ciudad Humana, con base en datos de ciudades colombianas, 2008.
Causes of increase of the motorcycle stock
1. Motorcycles advantages And New motorcycles shoppers
Presenter
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There are many different reasons for the growth of the motorcycles. The most important reasons are: motorcycle advantages and the profile of the new user. In the other hand, this growth of the motorcycle is related with: - An international and national favorable context New strategies of marketing, branding and selling motorcycles Urban transportation problems
New Users
• Bank credit access
• A more ‘urban life’ style
• Need to reduce times and costs of urban transportation
• Need for new income
Fuente: Elaboración propia de la Fundación Ciudad Humana, con base en datos de ciudades colombianas, 2008.
Vehicle
• New image• More Economic• Rapid-
versatile• Multipurpose• Transport
freight and passegers
• New income generation
Motorcycles advantages New motorcycles shoppers
1, Motorcycles advantages and shoppers
Presenter
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About the benefits: New image less expensensive Ii is possible to move freigth and people Generate additional income About the users: The new user can access to bank credit
2. International Context
Decrease of production costs in Asia
New «generic» brands
Diversification and increase motorcycle offert
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In the international context, the cost has been decreasing for the massive production in Asia and the new generic and less expensive brands. At the same time, there is a diversification of type and models of motorcycles.
Very favorable legislationPublics and legals incentives (directs and indirects)
More benefits than others
vehicles
No vehicles taxes
No road payments (tolls)
No daily restrictions
No parking payments
3. National Context in Colombia
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Even in Colombia, since 70s and 90s, there are strong inventives for the local motorcycle production, in addition motorcycle have benefits from:
4. New strategies of marketing, branding and selling motorcycle
Reduction of sales price
Offer «generic» brands
Selling in supermarkets
Bank credit access
Good post-sale service
Full national network
of distribution
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The motorcycle industry has been implementing new strategic like:
4. New strategies of marketing, branding and selling motorcycle
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This is the most important generic brand in Colombia. An example: the same motorcycle in three different prices and models: from one thousand dollars to one thousand and five hundred dollars
Reduction of sale price
Motorcyles in supermarkes
Dolar- 2000 CP
New generic brands
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The reduction of the prices is very important. It is almost the 50% percent
Motorcycles selling in the supermarkets
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The motorcycle are part of the products in common supermarket
Today you can find them at any place
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You can find them at any place in the supermaket
Congestion
High transportation costsFuelFaresParking
5. Urban transportation problems
Transit Restrictions(Pico y placa)
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In addition the urban transportation problems like 1. 2, 3. have been promoting this modal change This cartoon is very symbolic the family use of motorcycle
Vehículo global: 2000An new family vehicle
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Motorcycle is the first vehicle for many families
An new family vehicle
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The family use of motorcycle is one of the most important aspect for many Latin American homes
Public transport problems:
Bad quality
Very slow
Few services
Overcharge
Expensive
5. Public transportation problems
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Motorcycle has become a real alternative to the critic problems of public transportation. I´m not going to explain them, because no body knows better than you.
Daily cost to pay and use a motorcycle
Is lower than Public tranport fare
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Only one key issue about public transportation and motorcycles. The daily cost of motorcycles is less than the public transportation fare.
Challenge motorcycles / public transportation
Graves impactos negativos para sociedad y usuarios
Accidentalidad
Contaminación
Sedentarismo
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In some Colombian cities were built BRTs after transmilenio, and more than 20% of users projected never arrived to the system. This situation is related to the increasing of motorcycle riders.
Externalities of motorcycles use3
Externalities of motorcycles use
Negatives
• Increases public health expenses
• Increases urban pollution
• Decreases public transport
• Decreases non-motorized transport
• Increases urban traffic
Positives
• New industry• Economic
development • Savings of time
and money• Increases in
family incomes and urban trips
• Increases urban and rural mobility
Presenter
Presentation Notes
About externalities, the most important aspect is to know the positive and negative impacts. But i like to note that there is not data about them.
Externalities of motorcycles use
Road traffic injuriesPollution
Physical inactivity
Public health
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There are some information about public health impact regarding deaths and injuries; but there is not data about pollution and physical activity. About this last, there are million hours of physical activity lost.
Motorcycles and Road traffic deaths inColombia 98-09
Fuente: Gráfico elaborado por el autor. Forensis 1999-2008; DRIP, Sistema de información de violencia y accidentalidad del Instituto Nacional deMedicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, 2009.
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In Colombia the total number of deaths has been increasing as a consequence of motorcycle users. The blue line is without motorcycles and the green one is only motorcycles users.
Fuente: Gráfico elaborado por el autor. Forensis 1999-2008, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses
Deaths by road user category in Colombia 96- 08
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All road user categories have been reducing the deaths less the motorcycle users
Fuente: Gráfico elaborado por el autor. Forensis 1999-2008, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses
Injuries by road user category in Colombia 96- 08
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The same case in injuries. The number of motorcycle users with injuries is two times more in the last five years
What we can do?4
What to do? We need measures in a:
Immediately
Short term
Medium term
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The challenge is huge. We need immediately measures in a short and, medium term.
What to do immediately:Protect vulnerable motorcyclist
Reduce
Deaths
Accidents Risks
Pollution
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In the short term we need:
The use of helmet to reduce deaths
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The problem is not to have the helmet. The challenge is the control for proper use. Let see some pictures about it
Montería, 2010
Sincelejo, 2010
Villavicencio, 2009
To reduce accidents:Bright-Vest and lights all day
What to do immediately:
Challenge Measures
Reduce pollution -No two-stroke motorcylces
- Promote the use of electric vehicles
Protect vulnerable motorcycleusers
- No childs < 11 years old (as passengeror driver)
- Pregnant women
- Maximun 2 people
Reduce risks
- Speed Limit
- No small motorcycles in freeways
- Special/assigned lanes and spaces formotrocycles
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The challenge is huge. We need measures in a short, medium and long term. In the short term we need:
What to do : a middle term
Generateknowledge
ActionsChallenges
New urban and rural reality
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In the middle term we need: Understand Identify / address
Medellín, 2009
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The big challenge is to change the behavior, because the motorcycle user is quite similar than car drivers
Orientations for Actions
Users and UsesVehicles
•Public policies•Institutional and legal framework
Infraestructure and control
sellersmanufacturers conditions to use
Users National G.
Lerningand
Licencing
Local G.
What to do: a middle term
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In the medium term the challenge is to built a new regulatory frame for the all aspects related with: 1, 2, 3
Sao Paulo, Brazil - 2010Sao Paulo, Brazil - 2010
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In addition to the public control, there is a challenge in terms of infraestrcuture
ConclusionsThe motorcycle is a new massive mode: is a new urban, social, economical and public health challenge
Motorcycle is a new massive mode
1. Motorcycle is transforming from a minority type of vehicle to a majority type of vehicle
4. New urban and rural reality: for public transportation and public health
5. Motorcycle is the most attractive and popular vehicle for many inhabitants in the world
3. New challenges at global, national and local levels
2. Institutional frameworks and public policies about motorcycle are insufficiently developed or very limited
Next target in the market strategic
Nueva Loja, Ecuador, 2008
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Some final recommedations New targets: youngs and women
Lima, Perú. 2010
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The other target for the motorcycle sellers are: cargo and public transport. For the next meeting lets talk about “mototaxi”, because the impact is huge.
Attention to the new models
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We need to look the quick evolution and change of the motorcycle wave, because it is more urban, fashion an attractive.
Adaptation in the bikes
Washington DC, 2010http://elcorresponsal.blogia.com/2008/070104-proyectan-exonerar-a-los-ciclomotores-del-pago-de-patente-pero-excluyen-a-los-mo.php
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Be careful to this adaptation in the bikes, because now there are many like this one in the local market in brazil, Colombia and Chile, among others. This is a very interesting vehicle because don't pay taxes, not need license, insurance, and use bike ways-
Motorcyclist are a new a very strong Lobby
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There is a strong lobby coming from motorcycle users. For this reason National governments need to work together with Municipalities and local governments to build the institutional frameworks
Motorcyclist in colombian Congress
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Today in Colombia, some delegators in the congress have been working in a strong lobby.
Quibdo, Colombia 2010
Motorcycles are a new reality
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The problem is not to forbidden the motorcycle, the challenge is to have a clear understanding of their rights and duties. The challenge is to integrate in responsible and sustainable way the motorcyclist
For many, It is a necessity
Bogotá, 2010
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For many users, the motorcycle is necessary, inclusive for some of them how are disables as a result of a motorcycle accident.
