morphology typology 2

8/13/2019 Morphology Typology 2

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MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS

- MORPHOLOGICALLY SIMPLE: consist of single freemorph (ran, went, go)

- MORPHOLOCALLY COMPLEX: Can be analyzed intoa string of two or more morphs. It may consist of freeand bound morph (duckling) or two free morphs (tea-time, black-board)

ROOT/STEM, AFFIXESDEFINITION OF ROOT/STEM:DEFINITION OF AFFIXES:


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Boeree, 2003:

Suffixes are attached to the end of the stem;Eg.: -ed, -s, -es, -ing etc.Prefixes are attached to the front of the stem;Eg.: pre-, im-, un-, etc.Infixes are put in the middle of the word;Eg.: rarely:

Ablaut is a change in a vowel that carries extra meaning;is a matter of doubling a syllable to do the same. It seemsto come from former suffixes that influenced thepronunciation of the vowel, then disappeared over timeEg.: sang-sing-sung, goose-geese


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MORPHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGYIn the 19th century, philologists devised a now classicclassification of languages according to their morphology. A way of classifying language according to the ways by whichmorphemes are used in a language.- Isolating : have little to no morphology. eg. Chinese,

Indonesian, Krewol- Agglutinative : use grammatical morphemes in the

form of attached syllables called affixes, struck together ;have lots of easily separable morphemes. Eg. Turkish,

Finish, Tamil- Fusional (Inflextional)language: their inflectionalmorphemes are fused together. This leads to one boundmorpheme conveying multiple pieces of information. Theychange the word at the phonemic level to expressgrammatical morphemes.Eg. Latin, Greek, Russian, Arabic


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The classical typology mostly applies toinflectional morphology. There is very littlefusion going on with word formation.Languages may be classified as synthetic or

analytic in their word formation, dependingon the preferred way of expressing notionsthat are not inflectional: either by using

word formation (synthetic), or by usingsyntactic phrases (analytic).


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Some terminology Word :

- important analytic unit- Used in different senses

Lyons (1968): in order to distinguish them(word, wordform,), we shall identify:1. Its use to refer to actually occurring physical formsEg.Mary loved John once but she doesnt love him anymore. There are 8 words We use : there are 8 word forms


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Word form: orthographic and phonologicalPhonological:- Represented in phonemic slashes. Ex.: /w d f mz/

Orthographic:- Used for exemplification within the text- ItalicizedEx: word forms


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2. LOVED love LOVE

word : is used only when were going to look up themeaning of a particular word in the dictionary

Lexeme: lexical morpheme: to distinguish this usagefrom word forms use small capital letters to refer to alexeme.

For example: word forms: love, loves, loved, lovingThey all related to lexeme LOVE but none is actuallylexeme LOVE


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3. Grammatical form

Wrote: past tense of write Written: past participle of write

Use of a word:- Word form- Lexeme determine by context

- Grammatical form

morphology typology 2

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