Sundarban

Welcome to Our PresentationSubmitted ByExamination Roll No.: 107409, 107440, 093427, 093441Session: 2009-2010

Monthly Prevalence of Giant Mealy Bugs and Birds in Home Economics College of Dhaka University, Bangladesh

Systematic PositionKingdomAnimaliaPhylumArthropodaClassInsectaOrderHomopteraSuperfamilyCoccideaFamilyPseudococcidae GenusDrisichaSpeciesD. mangiferae(Heymons,1915)

Fig. Giant Mealy Bug (D. mangiferae)About Mealy Bugs

About Mealy BugsMealy bugs are named for their whitish mealy wax, which helps retard the loss of water from their soft bodies. Different species of Mealy bugs prefer different feeding sites- some species feed in and under bark, while others feed on fruits, flowers or seed heads. The main meals of this insect is green leaves and flowers. The insect does not bite anybody but creates itching, allergy and inhalation problem by its dust. Mealy bugs hatched in autumn survive over winter.

ABFig. A and B showing image of Mealy bugsAbout Mealy Bugs

Aims and ObjectivesTo make a list of floral (host plant of Mealy bug) species with their DBH of the Home Economics College.To find and count the number of Mealy bugs at the bark and leaves of different plant species.To observe the available bird species within the Home Economics College. To find out the probable causes of the breakout of Mealy bugs at the study area.

Study Area and Time

Figure: Map of study Area taken from google map The study was conducted in Home Economics College of Dhaka University. The College of Home Economics located at Azimpur road, Azimpur Dhaka. The study was conducted from June to October, 2014.

Materials We have used the following apparatus in this survey. The list is given below: Binocular Poly-bags Insect box 70% alcohol. Data recording sheets Pencil.

Forceps Plastic bottle Watch glass Torch Camera ( Canon 1100D,Lense 55-250mm) Hand gloves Diameter tape

Methods

Measuring trees diameter at breast height (DBH)

We used diameter tape method to measure trees diameter at breast height (DBH).We used the following rules to measurement of trees:Fig. Presence of tree fork below breast height

Methods

Fig. Tree with buttress

Fig. Tree splitting into several stems close to the ground level

Bird watching methodA transect is a line across a habitat or part of a habitat. It can be as simple as a string or rope placed in a line on the ground.Especially we were looking for insect eating birds. We were collecting our data weekly.Methods

Insect collection and counting method In Home Economics College, 10 rows were selected and observed . We used forceps and poly-bags for sample collection. Then we count their quantity in affected trees. Then we took some snap shots of the insects and their affected trees.Methods

Prevalence of Giant Mealy bugs of Home Economics CollegeMonthWeekNumber of mealy bugsTotalAvgIn corridorsIn host plantsJuneWeek 110102020Week 241620JulyWeek 117133026.33Week 2251540Week 32810AugustWeek 146105Week 2000SeptemberW1-W40000OctoberW1-W40000Total6268130

Result and Discussion

Meteorological data of Dhaka city during study periodMonthWeekTemperature (0C)Avg Temp (0C)Rainfall (mm)MaxMinAverageJuneWeek 1322227312.71315Week 2372832Week 3402533Week 4352632JulyWeek 1342532320329Week 2312632Week 3332832Week 4312732AugustWeek 1352832320337Week 2342732Week 3332532Week 4372732SeptemberWeek 1302527292.94248Week 2352631Week 3282626Week 4372832OctoberWeek 1342532320134Week 2352632Week 3362732

Result and Discussion

List of bird species of Home Economics College, 2014SlScientific NameCommon nameLocal NameOrderFamily1Corvus splendensHouse CrowPati kakPasseriformesCorvidae2Corvus macrorhynchosJungle CrowDar KakPasseriformesCorvidae3Acridotheres tristisCommon MynaBhat-shalikPasseriformesSturnidae4Sturnus contraPied MynaGo-shalikPasseriformesSturnidae5Dicrurus macrocercusBlack DrongoKala-fingeyPasseriformesDicruridae6Passer domesticusHouse SparrowPati ChoruiPasseriformesPasseridae7Orthotomus sutoriusCommon Tailor BirdTuntuniPasseriformesCisticolidae8Copsychus saularisOriental Magpie RobinDoelPasseriformesMuscicapidae9Dicrurus leucophaeusAshy DrongoMete-fingeyPasseriformesDicruridae10Alcedoathis benglaensisCommon kingfisherMasrangaCoraciiformesAlcedinidae11Halcyon smyrnensisWhite Throated KingfisherDhola-gola MachrangaCoraciiformesHalcyonidae12Dinopium benghalenseBlack Rumped FlamebackBangla KaththokraPiciformesPicidae13Dendrocopos maceiFulvous Breaste WoodpeckerBatabi KathkuruliPiciformesPicidae14Columba liviaRock PigeonJalali KobutorColumbiformesColumbidae15Streptopelia chinensisSpotted DoveTila ghughuColumbiformesColumbidae16Eudynamys scolopaceasAsian KoelKokilCuculiformesCuculidae 17Milvus migransBlack KiteBhubon CheelFalconiformesAccipitridae18Psittacula krameriRose Ringed ParakeeShobuj tiaPsittaciformesPsittaculidae

Result and Discussion

SlScientific NameMonths, 2014TotalAvgStdevJUNJULAUGSEPOCT1Corvus splendens7.758.757.259.758.7542.258.450.9752Corvus macrorhynchos2.002.001.501.252.008.751.750.3543Acridotheres tristis8.505.759.758.2510.5042.758.551.8154Sturnus contra4.005.505.006.505.5026.505.300.9085Dicrurus macrocercus3.754.676.007.505.2527.175.431.4186Passer domesticus3.505.507.505.007.5031.006.201.8577Orthotomus sutorius4.256.505.254.256.5027.755.551.4308Copsychus saularis3.753.504.505.257.5027.505.501.5519Dicrurus leucophaeus3.002.505.504.255.2526.755.351.78210Alcedoathis benglaensis3.507.503.503.254.5028.255.651.49611Halcyon smyrnensis2.756.756.254.256.5026.505.301.73612Dinopium benghalense2.002.001.251.502.008.751. 750.35413Dendrocopos macei3.505.004.754.256.5026.005.201.49414Columba livia3.757.255.005.255.5028.255.651.36515Streptopelia chinensis3.007.755.254.506.5026.755.351.85916Eudynamys scolopaceas4.007.004.504.754.5027.755.551.48317Milvus migrans3.757.256.504.255.5025.505.501.55118Psittacula krameri3.757.504.503.006.5024.505.501.551Total70.5102.793.7587106.75482.6795.78

Average number of bird species of Home Economics CollegeResult and Discussion

Figure: Recorded bird species of Home Economics College (Order basis)

Result and Discussion

Fig. Dinopiu benghalenseFig. Corvus splendensFig. Psittacula krameriFig. Corvus macrorhynchosResult and Discussion

Fig. Passer domesticusFig. Columba liviaResult and Discussion

SlEnglish nameScientific nameDiameter at Breast Height (DBH) in cm123451JackfruitArtocarpus heterophyllus19.755.417.327.6424.842MangoMangifera indica9.8714.3312.107.6412.743Elephant appleDillenia indica14.011.5923.5744.5914.334Sugar appleAnnona squamosa20.3814.0110.195Star fruitAverrhoa arambolac42.368.2811.786Black berrySyzygium cumini23.577LemonCitrus grandis4.148CoconutCocos nucifera34.399Wood appleAegle marmelos9.5510Bulletwood treeMimusops elengi20.3831.8511Cape JasmineGardenia jasminoides7.0112JarulLagerstromia indica30.5713RadiiCodiaeum reidii6.378.609.2431.8533.4414RubberHevea brasiliensis4.789.3915MahoganySwietenia mahagoni21.3427.7116SissoDulbergia sissoo29.3019.1117Indian oakBarringtonia acutangula17.5218GuavaPsidium guajava4.788.284.4619Oil palmElaeis oleifera37.2620Golden showerCassia fistula8.6021.3421IpilLeucaena leucocephala15.9222Indian PalmZizyphus maurifiana21.3423Silk flowerAlbizia procera46.1817.5279.6237.26111.4624Date-palmPhoenix sylvestris37.26

Diameter at breast height of host plant of Home Economics CollegeResult and Discussion

Result and Discussion

ADBCFig. A, B, C and D are the host plants of Mealy bugs of Home Economics College

Result and Discussion Positive and weak relationship was found between Mealy bug Prevalence and Temperature (rs= 0.332183, n= 5). Again, Mealy bug Prevalence was strong positively correlated with rainfall (rs= 0.641799, n= 5). A weak negative correlation was found between Mealy bug and bird Prevalence (rs= -0.21116, n=5).

MonthTemp (0C)Rainfall (mm)Number of BirdsNumber of Mealy bugsJune313.1570.520July323.29102.6726.33August323.3793.755September292.48870October321.34106.750

Correlation of Mealy bug Prevalence with temperature, rainfall and birds

Fig. Average Temperature, Rainfall and average number of Mealy bugs

Result and Discussion

Result and DiscussionFig. Relationship between Mealy bugs and TemperatureFig. Relationship between Mealy bugs and rainfall

Result and DiscussionFig. Relationship between Mealy bugs and TemperatureFig. Relationship between Mealy bugs and birds

Result and DiscussionABCDFig. A, B, C and D shown Mealy bugs on different plants

At first in 2013 a new species of giant Mealy bug was observed in Dhaka Cantonment and its vicinity.This species was known to be transmitted by the military equipment from Congo. In 2014 this Giant Mealy bug was again breakout in Home Economics College.Outbreaks can be initiated by increases in plant food quality that occur under a variety of a biotic environmental condition, including the influence of the weather.Mealy bugs prefer mild warm conditions with temperatures around 25C and high humidity. While hot dry conditions can reduce mealy bug infestation pressure into the latter part of the season, populations can rebuild rapidly if conditions become favorable as conditions cool into autumn (Braybrook, 2012).The mealybug has commonly been considered a secondary pest and outbreaks often associated with lower numbers of beneficial species (Mr David Braybrook, September, 2012).In Home Economics College campus, the predator pressure, especially insectivorous bird prevalence is comparatively low and it is one of the most important courses of outbreak of Mealy bugs there.So, the present research recommends a better bird finding campus against mealy bug. and planting some fruit yielding nativa plants can help in this regardResult and Discussion

A five month survey on prevalence of giant mealy bug and birds, prevalence along with plant list was carried out at Homo Economic College, Dhaka. The highest bird species was under order Passeriformes and lowest under order Piciformes. It was noticeable that the campus lacks fruit yielding plants what can help to increase the number of birds.We also noticed that it was also varied in number with the change of temperature and rainfall. An increased number of birds foraging the campus can play vital roles continues causes of any further outbreak of mealy bugs.

Summary and Conclusion

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