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DOE/ID-11412Revision 1

Monitoring Plan for Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B

March 2012

DOE/ID-11412

Revision 1

Monitoring Plan for Test Area North,Operable Unit 1-07B

Michael S. Roddy Lorie S. Cahn

March 2012

Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy

DOE Idaho Operations Office

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ABSTRACT

The final remedy for Operable Unit 1-07B is a comprehensive approach to contaminant plume remediation that combines in situ bioremediation for hot spot restoration, pump and treat for the medial zone, and monitored natural attenuation for the distal zone. The remedy assumed radionuclides would naturally attenuate without treatment through sorption and decay and selected a contingent remedy to address radionuclide migration. This document describes the rationale and sampling plans for groundwater monitoring to be conducted to ensure the three components of the remedy are functioning properly and the assumptions regarding radionuclide attenuation are valid. Data collected under this Monitoring Plan will be used to assess the progress of the remedy, determine the need for operational changes, and support Agency performance reviews. The monitoring plan also includes monitoring activities to be conducted before, during, and after an in situ bioremediation rebound test.

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CONTENTS

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................. iii ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Site Background and Hydrogeology...................................................................................1-1 1.2 Remedial Action Objectives...............................................................................................1-3 1.3 Description of the Remedial Action ...................................................................................1-3

2. DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Data Quality Objectives for In Situ Bioremediation ..........................................................2-1

2.1.1 State the Problem .............................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Identify the Decision ........................................................................................2-1 2.1.3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions .......................................................................2-1 2.1.4 Define Study Boundaries .................................................................................2-2 2.1.5 Develop a Decision Rule..................................................................................2-2 2.1.6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors ...................................................................2-2 2.1.7 Design Data Collection Program......................................................................2-2

2.2 Data Quality Objectives for In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test ...................................2-2 2.2.1 State the Problem .............................................................................................2-2 2.2.2 Identify the Decision ........................................................................................2-2 2.2.3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions .......................................................................2-3 2.2.4 Define Study Boundaries .................................................................................2-3 2.2.5 Develop a Decision Rule..................................................................................2-3 2.2.6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors ...................................................................2-4 2.2.7 Design Data Collection Program......................................................................2-4

2.3 Data Quality Objectives for Pump and Treat .....................................................................2-4 2.3.1 State the Problem .............................................................................................2-4 2.3.2 Identify the Decision ........................................................................................2-4 2.3.3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions .......................................................................2-4 2.3.4 Define Study Boundaries .................................................................................2-5 2.3.5 Develop a Decision Rule..................................................................................2-5 2.3.6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors ...................................................................2-6 2.3.7 Design Data Collection Program......................................................................2-6

2.4 Data Quality Objectives for Monitored Natural Attenuation .............................................2-6 2.4.1 State the Problem .............................................................................................2-6

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2.4.2 Identify the Decisions ......................................................................................2-7 2.4.3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions .......................................................................2-7 2.4.4 Define Study Boundaries .................................................................................2-7 2.4.5 Develop a Decision Rule..................................................................................2-8 2.4.6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors ...................................................................2-8 2.4.7 Design Data Collection Program......................................................................2-8

2.5 Data Quality Objectives for Radionuclide Monitoring ....................................................2-10 2.5.1 State the Problem ...........................................................................................2-10 2.5.2 Identify the Decision ......................................................................................2-10 2.5.3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions .....................................................................2-10 2.5.4 Define Study Boundaries ...............................................................................2-11 2.5.5 Develop a Decision Rule................................................................................2-11 2.5.6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors .................................................................2-11 2.5.7 Design Data Collection Program....................................................................2-11

3. IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION MONITORING.............................................................................3-1 3.1 In Situ Bioremediation Sampling Strategy and Objectives ................................................3-1 3.2 Sampling Locations and Frequencies .................................................................................3-1 3.3 Analytes and Methods ........................................................................................................3-1 3.4 Data Validation...................................................................................................................3-6 3.5 Water-Level Measurements................................................................................................3-6

4. IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION REBOUND TEST MONITORING..............................................4-1 4.1 In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test Sampling Objectives and Strategy.........................4-1 4.2 In Situ Bioremediation Monitoring During Rebound Test.................................................4-4

4.2.1 Groundwater Sampling Locations, Frequencies, and Analytes........................4-4 4.2.2 Vapor Sampling Location, Frequency, and Analytes.......................................4-4 4.2.3 Analytical Methods ..........................................................................................4-4 4.2.4 Data Validation During Rebound Test.............................................................4-6

4.3 Pump and Treat Monitoring During In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test ......................4-6 4.4 Monitored Natural Attenuation Sampling During In Situ Bioremediation

Rebound Test......................................................................................................................4-6 4.5 Radionuclide Monitoring During In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test ..........................4-6

4.5.1 Sampling Locations, Frequency, and Analytes ................................................4-6 4.5.2 Analytical Methods ..........................................................................................4-7 4.5.3 Data Validation ................................................................................................4-7

4.6 Water-Level Measurements During Rebound Test ............................................................4-8

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5. PUMP AND TREAT MONITORING ............................................................................................5-1 5.1 New Pump and Treat Facility.............................................................................................5-1

5.1.1 New Pump and Treat Facility Monitoring Objectives and Strategy ................5-1 5.1.2 New Pump and Treat Facility Sampling Locations, Frequency,

and Analytes.....................................................................................................5-4 5.1.3 New Pump and Treat Facility Data Validation ................................................5-9

5.2 Air Stripper Treatment Unit ...............................................................................................5-9 5.2.1 Air Stripper Treatment Unit Monitoring Objectives........................................5-9 5.2.2 Air Stripper Treatment Unit Sampling Locations, Frequency,

and Analytes...................................................................................................5-11 5.2.3 Equipment and Procedures for Air Stripper Treatment Unit Sampling .........5-15 5.2.4 Air Stripper Treatment Unit Data Validation.................................................5-15

6. MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION................................................................................6-1 6.1 TCE Plume Monitoring Strategy and Objectives ...............................................................6-1 6.2 Sampling Locations and Frequencies .................................................................................6-1 6.3 Monitored Natural Attenuation Analytes and Reporting....................................................6-3 6.4 Data Validation...................................................................................................................6-4

7. RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING ................................................................................................7-1 7.1 Radionuclide Monitoring Strategy and Objectives ............................................................7-1 7.2 Radionuclide Sampling Locations, Frequency, and Analytes ............................................7-1 7.3 Radionuclide Data Validation ............................................................................................7-3

8. WATER-LEVEL MONITORING ..................................................................................................8-1 9. SAMPLING SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................9-1 10. SAMPLING PROCEDURES........................................................................................................10-1

10.1 Groundwater Sampling.....................................................................................................10-1 10.2 Vapor Sample Collection Method ....................................................................................10-1 10.3 Field Measurements..........................................................................................................10-2 10.4 Groundwater Elevations ...................................................................................................10-2

11. SAMPLE MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS ...........................................................................11-1 11.1 Sample Management ........................................................................................................11-1

11.1.1 Sample Designation and Sampling and Analysis Plan Tables .......................11-1 11.1.2 Container Requirements, Sample Preservation, and Preparation...................11-1 11.1.3 Chain of Custody............................................................................................11-1 11.1.4 Transportation of Samples .............................................................................11-2 11.1.5 Radiological Screening ..................................................................................11-2

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11.2 Sample Analysis ...............................................................................................................11-2 11.2.1 Onsite Field Laboratory Activities .................................................................11-2 11.2.2 IRC Laboratory Activities..............................................................................11-2 11.2.3 Off-Site Laboratory Activities .......................................................................11-3

12. QUALITY ASSURANCE.............................................................................................................12-1 12.1 Field Laboratory ...............................................................................................................12-2

12.1.1 Laboratory and Field Quality Assurance .......................................................12-2 12.1.2 Reporting........................................................................................................12-2

12.2 IRC Laboratory.................................................................................................................12-2 12.2.1 Laboratory and Field Quality Assurance .......................................................12-2 12.2.2 Reporting........................................................................................................12-2

12.3 Off-Site Laboratories........................................................................................................12-2 12.3.1 Laboratory and Field Quality Assurance .......................................................12-2 12.3.2 Corrective Actions .........................................................................................12-4 12.3.3 Laboratory Reporting Requirements ..............................................................12-4

13. WASTE MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................................................13-1 14. HEALTH AND SAFETY .............................................................................................................14-1 15. REPORTING.................................................................................................................................15-1

15.1 Annual Monitoring Report ...............................................................................................15-1 15.2 Five-Year Review Reports ...............................................................................................15-1

16. REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16-1 Appendix A—Operable Unit 1-07B Monitoring Well Information ........................................................A-1

FIGURES

1-1. Contaminant plume (1997) at Test Area North................................................................................1-2 1-2. Trichloroethene plume in 2009 ........................................................................................................1-4 2-1. Monitored natural attenuation monitoring zones and sampling wells..............................................2-9 3-1. Well locations for in situ bioremediation and rebound test monitoring...........................................3-4 5-1. Medial zone well locations...............................................................................................................5-2 5-2. New Pump and Treat Facility process flow diagram .......................................................................5-8 5-3. Air Stripper Treatment Unit flow diagram.....................................................................................5-12 7-1. Location of radionuclide monitoring wells ......................................................................................7-2 8-1. Well locations for water-level measurements ..................................................................................8-2

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TABLES

2-1. Principal study questions for in situ bioremediation and inputs for decision...................................2-1 2-2. Principal study questions for in situ bioremediation rebound test and inputs for decision ..............2-3 2-3. Principal study questions for pump and treat and inputs for decision..............................................2-5 2-4. Principal study questions for monitored natural attenuation and inputs for decision ......................2-7 2-5. Principal study question for radionuclide monitoring and inputs for decision ..............................2-10 3-1. In situ bioremediation objectives and strategy.................................................................................3-2 3-2. In situ bioremediation groundwater monitoring summary prior to rebound test .............................3-3 3-3. In situ bioremediation remedial action analytical method summary ...............................................3-5 4-1. In situ bioremediation rebound test objectives and strategy ............................................................4-2 4-2. Monitoring summary for in situ bioremediation during the rebound test ........................................4-5 4-3. Radionuclide sampling during the in situ bioremediation rebound test ..........................................4-7 4-4. Analytical method summary for radionuclide sampling during rebound test ..................................4-7 5-1. New Pump and Treat Facility water discharge limits ......................................................................5-1 5-2. New Pump and Treat Facility objectives and strategy .....................................................................5-3 5-3. New Pump and Treat Facility compliance sampling........................................................................5-5 5-4. New Pump and Treat Facility operational sampling ........................................................................5-5 5-5. Monitoring summary for New Pump and Treat Facility sampling ..................................................5-7 5-6. Air Stripper Treatment Unit water discharge limits.........................................................................5-9 5-7. Air Stripper Treatment Unit objectives and strategy......................................................................5-10 5-8. Air Stripper Treatment Unit compliance sampling ........................................................................5-13 5-9. Air Stripper Treatment Unit operational sampling.........................................................................5-13 5-10. Monitoring summary for Air Stripper Treatment Unit ..................................................................5-14 6-1. Monitored natural attenuation objectives and strategy.....................................................................6-2 6-2. Analytical method summary for monitored natural attenuation ......................................................6-3 6-3. Monitored natural attenuation sampling summary...........................................................................6-4 7-1. Radionuclide monitoring objectives and strategy ............................................................................7-1 7-2. Analytical method summary for radionuclide monitoring ...............................................................7-3 7-3. Radionuclide sampling summary .....................................................................................................7-3 8-1. Well locations for collection of Test Area North area water levels .................................................8-1 9-1. Remedy component and radionuclide monitoring ...........................................................................9-1 9-2. Groundwater monitoring prior to in situ bioremediation rebound test by zone and well ................9-2 9-3. Monitoring during in situ bioremediation rebound test by zone and well .......................................9-4 12-1. Field laboratory quality assurance frequency for groundwater monitoring ...................................12-2

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12-2. INL Research Center laboratory quality assurance frequency for groundwater monitoring .........12-3 12-3. Off-Site laboratory quality assurance requirements for definitive data .........................................12-3 12-4. Field quality assurance frequencies for definitive data ..................................................................12-3

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ACRONYMS

ASTU Air Stripper Treatment Unit

DCE dichloroethene

DOE-ID U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office

DQO data quality objective

EDW Environmental Data Warehouse

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ESD explanation of significant differences

FLUTe™ Flexible Liner Underground Technology

INL Idaho National Laboratory

IRC INL Research Center

ISB in situ bioremediation

MCL maximum contaminant level

MNA monitored natural attenuation

NPTF New Pump and Treat Facility

OU operable unit

PCE tetrachloroethene

QA quality assurance

QAPjP Quality Assurance Project Plan

QC quality control

RAO remedial action objective

SAP sampling and analysis plan

TAN Test Area North

TCE trichloroethene

VOC volatile organic compound

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Monitoring Planfor Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B

1. INTRODUCTION

Operable Unit (OU) 1-07B is the final remedy for the TSF-05 injection well and surrounding groundwater contamination at the Test Area North (TAN) on the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site. The remedy for the volatile organic compound (VOC) groundwater plume selected in the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001) combines in situ bioremediation (ISB) for hot spot (TSF-05 vicinity) restoration, pump and treat for the medial zone, and monitored natural attenuation (MNA) for distal zone restoration. The remedy also includes groundwater monitoring and institutional controls. The Record of Decision Amendment assumed Cs-137 and Sr-90 would attenuate without treatment through sorption and decay and that concentrations would not increase to levels that would prevent meeting remedial action objectives (RAOs) as a result of either ISB or pump and treat, but selected a contingent remedy to address radionuclide migration. Data collected in accordance with this Monitoring Plan will be used to assess the progress of the remedy, determine the need for operational changes, and support Agency (i.e., the U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office [DOE-ID], U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], and the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality) periodic performance reviews.

This Monitoring Plan consolidates monitoring requirements for OU 1-07B and supersedes the monitoring requirements in all other OU 1-07B documents. This Monitoring Plan supports the ISB Rebound Test Plan (DOE-ID 2011a); the ISB, the New Pump and Treat Facility (NPTF), and MNA Remedial Action Work Plans (DOE-ID 2009a, b, c, respectively); and the ISB Operations and Maintenance Plan (DOE-ID 2009d). The monitoring requirements for the NPTF and the Air Stripper Treatment Unit (ASTU) are included in this consolidated plan and have been removed from the revised NPTF and ASTU Operations and Maintenance Plans (DOE-ID 2011b, 2012).

1.1 Site Background and Hydrogeology

The TSF-05 injection well was used from 1953 to 1972 to dispose of liquid waste streams generated by operations at TAN. These waste streams included low-level radioactive wastewater, industrial wastewater, organic solvents, and sanitary sewage. The practice of waste injection into the Snake River Plain Aquifer resulted in a plume of contamination approximately 2 mi long. Detailed descriptions of the historical background can be found in Kaminski et al. (1994) and in the 1995 Record of Decision (DOE-ID 1995). The contaminants of concern for the TAN groundwater plume are trichloroethene (TCE), tetrachloroethene (PCE), trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-DCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), tritium (H-3), and Sr-90. The contaminants of concern for the TSF-05 injection well are the same but also include Cs-137 and U-234. Figure 1-1 shows the extent of the contaminant plume in 1997 when the remedial zones of the plume were defined in an Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) (INEEL 1997). The plume is shown for TCE because it is the most widespread contaminant and the primary target of the remedial actions.

The Snake River Plain Aquifer underlying TAN comprises a complex layering of fractured basalt flows and sedimentary interbeds deposited during prolonged periods of volcanic quiescence. Depth to water in the vicinity of TAN is approximately 220 ft. The aquifer at TAN appears to be unconfined,

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Figure 1-1. Contaminant plume (1997) at Test Area North.

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although locally confined conditions might exist due to the presence of sedimentary interbeds or dense, relatively impermeable basalt flows. The most significant sedimentary interbed at TAN occurs at about 410 ft below land surface at the TSF-05 well. This interbed ranges in thickness from about 8 ft to more than 20 ft and is laterally continuous and extensive. All evidence gathered to date suggests that this interbed effectively isolates the aquifer below it from the water above it. It is important to note that the interbed slopes approximately 1 degree in a southerly direction; thus, the thickness of the aquifer above the interbed at TAN increases from about 200 ft near the TSF-05 well to more than 300 ft at the leading edge of the TCE plume.

The TCE plume in the aquifer is stratified near the source area, with the highest concentrations in the upper portions of the aquifer. Several conceptual model reports have been published based on extensive characterization work to determine the stratigraphy, aquifer behavior, and TCE plume dynamics (Bukowski and Sorenson 1998; Bukowski, Bullock, and Neher 1998; Wymore, Bukowski, and Sorenson 2000).

1.2 Remedial Action Objectives

The Agencies agreed to the following final RAOs for the entire contaminant plume in the 2001 Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001):

Restore the contaminated aquifer groundwater by 2095 (100 years from the signature of the 1995 Record of Decision) by reducing all contaminants of concern to below (a) maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), (b) a 1 10-4 total cumulative carcinogenic risk-based level for future residential groundwater use, and (c) a cumulative hazard index of 1 for noncarcinogens.

For aboveground treatment processes in which treated effluent will be re-injected into the aquifer, reduce concentrations of VOCs to below MCLs and a 1 10-5 total risk-based level.

Implement institutional controls to protect current and future users from health risks associated with ingestion or inhalation of, or dermal contact with, contaminants in concentrations greater than the MCLs, or greater than a 1 10-4 cumulative carcinogenic risk-based concentration, or a cumulative hazard index of greater than 1, whichever is more restrictive. The institutional controls shall be maintained until concentrations of all contaminants of concern are below MCLs, until the cumulative carcinogenic risk-based level is less than 1 10-4, and, for noncarcinogens, until the cumulative hazard index is less than 1. Institutional controls shall include access restrictions and warning signs.

1.3 Description of the Remedial Action

The OU 1-07B remedy includes three components designed to address the OU 1-07B contaminant plume: ISB, pump and treat, and MNA. The TCE plume, as shown in Figure 1-1, has been divided into three zones based on historic TCE concentrations, as determined in the ESD (INEEL 1997). The three zones are defined based on 1997 TCE concentrations (INEEL 1997), as follows:

Hot spot—greater than 20,000 g/L TCE

Medial zone—dissolved phase 1,000 to 20,000 g/L TCE

Distal zone—dissolved phase 5 to 1,000 g/L TCE.

The performance of the remedial action is assessed by examining if each component is: (1) achieving the individual component remedial objectives and (2) working together to remediate the entire contaminant plume. In addition to the three remedy components for the TCE (VOC) plume, a

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determination must be made whether the radionuclides will attenuate to concentrations that are below the MCLs by 2095, as assumed in the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001). The shape and concentrations of the TCE plume have changed in response to the remedial action. The plume map is shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2. Trichloroethene plume in 2009.

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ISB was identified in the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001) as the remedy for the hot spot. ISB takes advantage of naturally occurring bacteria that break down contaminants during metabolism of a food source. The particular application of ISB at TAN requires injection of an electron donor (i.e., sodium lactate and/or whey powder) into the secondary source area in the hot spot. The injections provide the food source to increase the number of bacteria, thereby increasing the rate at which the VOCs are degraded to nonhazardous compounds. This technology destroys the organic compounds in the hot spot without bringing them above ground. Based on field observations, ISB also degrades the secondary source. Degradation products generated by the bioremediation process (e.g., DCE and vinyl chloride) are degraded by the same process to ethene, chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

The success of the overall remedial action depends on each remedial component performing as planned. Each remedial component depends on the others in order to achieve remediation goals. The monitoring program for each remedial component provides the data to evaluate the component’s performance, as well as the overall remedial action. An understanding of the interaction between monitoring programs is also important. As remedial components are completed, a comprehensive monitoring program will continue to provide data to evaluate attaining all RAOs.

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2. DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

Data quality objectives (DQOs) for ISB of TCE in the hot spot, pump and treat for TCE (VOCs) in the medial zone, and MNA for TCE in the distal zone of the plume are presented along with DQOs for radionuclide monitoring in the hot spot and medial zone. These DQOs update the DQOs developed for the ISB (DOE-ID 2009a) and MNA (DOE-ID 2009c). The DQOs have been prepared based upon existing groundwater monitoring data, as well as the process outlined in EPA guidance (EPA 2006).

2.1 Data Quality Objectives for In Situ Bioremediation

The DQOs for the ISB part of the remedy are modified based on data collected since the initial DQOs were developed (DOE-ID 2009a).

2.1.1 State the Problem

The problem statement for ISB is defined below:

Problem Statement – The problem is to determine whether ISB operations can be optimized to remove as much residual source as possible and when to start a rebound test.

2.1.2 Identify the Decision

The principal study questions are defined in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1. Principal study questions for in situ bioremediation and inputs for decision.

Principal Study Question Inputs Required Data Use

Minimum Data Quality Level

Required

1. Is ISB operating efficiently and effectively?

VOCs, ethene/methane redox indicators, COD VFAs, and bioactivity indicators

Optimize ISB operations to ensure complete dechlorination of TCE and achieve reduction of the residual source

Screening/ definitive

2. Has the residual source been sufficiently reduced to transition ISB operations into a rebound test?

VOCs and tritium Determine whether the contactable residual source has been treated to the point of diminishing returns

Screening

COD chemical oxygen demand ISB in situ bioremediation TCE trichloroethene VFAs volatile fatty acids VOCs volatile organic compounds

2.1.3 Identify Inputs to the Decisions

The data needed to resolve each principal study question identified in the previous step are given in Table 2-1. The wells to be sampled for ISB, along with their sampling frequency, are identified in Section 3. In general, data collected in support of ISB operations only need to be screening quality level. For continuing ISB operations, screening-level data are considered sufficient, but definitive-level data will be necessary annually for data confirmation. The data uses and quality levels are presented in Table 2-1.

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2.1.4 Define Study Boundaries

The ISB component of the remedial action will focus on the OU 1-07B hot spot as defined geographically in the ESD (INEEL 1997).

2.1.5 Develop a Decision Rule

The decision rules are as follows:

Decision Rule 1. If the monitoring data indicate that either complete dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes is not occurring or that the injections are not effectively impacting the residual source, then the ISB injection strategy will be adjusted to achieve the goals of efficient chlorinated ethene breakdown and residual source degradation.

Decision Rule 2. If the trends for VOCs (TCE, total ethenes, and trans-DCE) and tritium concentrations in TSF-05, TAN-31, TAN-25, TAN-1859A, and TAN-1859B continue to decline immediately following injections to a point of diminishing release of residual TCE from the contactable source, then ISB will transition into an ISB rebound test. A 2-year ISB rebound test will evaluate the impact of the remaining source material on the aquifer (see Section 4). The timing of the start of rebound test will be agreed to by the Agencies.

2.1.6 Specify Limits on Decision Errors

Because of potential errors in sampling and performing chemical analyses, decisions that are made based on a single measurement could be erroneous. Decision errors will be minimized by evaluating trends and not relying on single data points.

2.1.7 Design Data Collection Program

The final step in the DQO process is to design a program to cost-effectively collect data that will meet DQOs. The ISB sampling program is described in Section 3.

2.2 Data Quality Objectives for In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test

The DQOs presented here for the ISB rebound test are based on issues raised in the 5-year review (DOE-ID 2011c) and on data collected since ISB began (DOE-ID 2011a).


The problem statement is defined below:

Problem Statement – The problem is to determine whether a residual source will remain in the aquifer after ISB is stopped, whether a vadose zone source affects the aquifer, what is causing persistent TCE in the vicinity of TAN-28, and whether radionuclides will begin to trend downward after ISB is stopped.


The principal study questions for the ISB rebound test are defined in Table 2-2.

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Table 2-2. Principal study questions for in situ bioremediation rebound test and inputs for decision.

Principal Study Question Inputs Required Data Use

Minimum Data Quality

Level Required 1. Will a residual source

remain in the aquifer after ISB is stopped?

VOCs, tritium Determine whether to restart ISB following the ISB rebound test

Screening

2. Is a vadose zone source affecting the aquifer?

VOCs from TAN-31 groundwater and vapor ports. Redox indicators to determine return to background conditions. VOC data from TSF-05 and TAN-1859

Determine whether a significant vadose zone source affecting the aquifer exists that would require scoping of a vadose zone investigation

Definitive

3. What is causing persistent TCE in the vicinity of TAN-28?

VOCs, methane, alkalinity, anions, water levels

Evaluate TCE trends and other data to determine source of TCE affecting TAN-28

Screening

4. Will radionuclide concentrations in groundwater begin to trend downward when ISB is stopped during the ISB rebound test?

Sr-90, Cs-137, total U Evaluate radionuclide trends Definitive

ISB in situ bioremediation TCE trichloroethene VOCs volatile organic compounds


The data needed to resolve each principal study question identified in the previous step are given in Table 2-2. The wells to be sampled for the ISB rebound test, along with their sampling frequency, are identified in Section 4. In addition, the data uses and quality levels are presented in Table 2-2. For continuing ISB operations, screening-level data are considered sufficient, but definitive-level data will be necessary annually for data confirmation.


The ISB rebound test will focus on the OU 1-07B hot spot and on bordering wells in the medial zone of the TCE plume as defined geographically in the ESD (INEEL 1997).


The decision rules for the duration of the 2-year rebound test are as follows:

Decision Rule 1. If data collected during the rebound test indicate that the hot spot TCE concentrations are rebounding, then ISB may be resumed or another alternative proposed at the completion of the rebound test. If monitoring data collected during the rebound test show that ISB operations have been successful in reducing the residual source sufficiently to meet the objective of plume remediation by 2095, then ISB operations can transition into long-term MNA monitoring operations.

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Decision Rule 2. If a vadose zone source capable of affecting the aquifer is indicated, then a vadose zone investigation will be scoped.

Decision Rule 3. If the source of contamination affecting TAN-28 can be identified, then additional actions to address the source will be scoped.

Decision Rule 4. If monitoring data collected during the rebound test show that radionuclides are trending downward, then monitoring will continue beyond the rebound test to establish long-term trends. If radionuclide trends are inconclusive, then additional measures may be proposed.


Because of potential errors in sampling and performing chemical analyses, decisions that are made based on a single measurement could be erroneous. Decision errors will be minimized by evaluating trends and not relying on single data points.


The final step in the DQO process is to design a program to cost-effectively collect data that will meet DQOs. The ISB rebound test sampling program is described in Section 4.

2.3 Data Quality Objectives for Pump and Treat

DQOs for pump and treat are modified based on data collected since initial DQOs were developed.


The problems to be addressed for the medial zone are based on the OU 1-07B RAOs. The problem statements are defined below:

Problem Statement 1 – For aboveground treatment processes in which treated effluent will be re-injected into the aquifer, demonstrate that the treated effluent complies with requirements. For NPTF and ASTU, demonstrate that concentrations of VOCs have been reduced to below MCLs and a 1 10-5 risk-based level. If TCE concentrations at NPTF and ASTU have been reduced to MCLs, then the risk-based level of less than 1 10-5 has been achieved (PCE and vinyl chloride will be nondetect and MCL for TCE is at the 10-6 risk-based level). For NPTF, demonstrate that concentrations of Sr-90 are below the MCL.

Problem Statement 2 – Collect data to determine the operation mode for NPTF.

Problem Statement 3 – Collect data to evaluate medial zone plume.


The principal study questions are summarized in Table 2-3.


Inputs to the principal study questions will be monitoring data. The wells to be sampled in the medial zone, along with the analytes and their sampling frequency, are identified in Section 5. In addition, the data uses and quality levels are also presented in Table 2-3.

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Table 2-3. Principal study questions for pump and treat and inputs for decision.

Principal Study Question Input Required Data Use


Level Required New Pump and Treat Facility

1. Are VOC and Sr-90 concentrations in NPTF effluent below MCLs?

Compliance sampling for VOCs and Sr-90

Demonstrate that re-injected water is below MCLs.

Screening/definitive

2a. If NPTF is operating, should the pumping strategy be changed?

Operational sampling for VOCs (NPTF SP-1, TAN-41, and TAN-44)

Evaluate whether a change should be made to pumping strategy (i.e., which wells to pump from).

Screening

2b. Can NPTF be shut down for more than 30 days?

Operational sampling for VOCs (TAN-33, TAN-36, TAN-44)

Demonstrate that one sampling event meets shutdown criteria.

Screening

2c. If NPTF is not operating, when is it required to restart?

Operational sampling for VOCs

TCE concentrations determine sampling frequency until TCE increases to 200 μg/L and NPTF must restart.

Screening

3. Is pump and treat affecting the medial zone plume?

Medial zone sampling for VOCs

Evaluate medial zone TCE plume.

Screening

Air Stripper Treatment Unit 1. Are VOC concentrations

in treated water from ASTU below MCLs?

Compliance sampling for VOCs

Demonstrate that re-injected water is below MCLs for VOCs.

Screening for restart/definitive for compliance

2. Is ASTU operation causing Sr-90 migration?

Operational sampling for Sr-90 at influent and TAN-41

Evaluate whether ASTU is causing Sr-90 migration. If so, use data to evaluate operational change.

Definitive

ASTU Air Stripper Treatment Unit MCL maximum contaminant level NPTF New Pump and Treat Facility TCE trichloroethene VOC volatile organic compound


The pump and treat component of the remedial action will focus on the OU 1-07B medial zone as defined geographically in the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001).


Quantitative decision rules are defined as follows:

NPTF Decision Rule 1. If VOC (TCE) concentrations in re-injected water are below MCLs, then the NPTF is operating as designed. If effluent is above the MCLs for VOCs, then the water treatment system will be evaluated to determine corrective actions. If radionuclide levels are above MCLs at the NPTF effluent, then the contingent remedy of operating ASTU will be invoked to reduce the flux of radionuclides to the NPTF pumping wells.

2-6

NPTF Decision Rule 2a. If data from NPTF SP-1, TAN-41, or TAN-44 indicate a change could be beneficial, then alter which wells are being pumped from.

NPTF Decision Rule 2b. If NPTF is operating because TCE concentrations exceeded 200 μg/L TCE in any of the transverse wells (TAN-33, TAN-36, or TAN-44), NPTF may be shut down for longer than 30 days when TCE falls below 100 μg/L in all three of these wells during any one sampling event.

NPTF Decision Rule 2c. If NPTF is shut down for longer than 30 days: If the TCE concentration in any TAN-44 quarterly sample is above 100 μg/L, sample the three transverse wells (TAN-33, TAN-36, and TAN-44) quarterly. If the TCE concentration exceeds 160 g/L in any one transverse well, sample the three transverse wells monthly for TCE. If the TCE concentration in any one of the three transverse wells exceeds 200 μg/L, then NPTF must resume weekly operation (defined as Monday at 9 a.m. to Thursday at 4 p.m. with a facility uptime of greater than 90% during this time) until TCE concentrations in all three transverse wells fall below 100 μg/L. Alternatively, the NPTF may be operated at the discretion of DOE-ID to reduce TCE concentrations prior to concentrations increasing to 200 g/L in TAN-33, TAN-36, and TAN-44.

NPTF Decision Rule 3. If NPTF is not lowering TCE concentrations in the medial zone, evaluate NPTF operations.

ASTU Decision Rule 1. If VOC (TCE) concentrations in re-injected water are below MCLs, then the ASTU is operating as designed. If effluent is above the MCLs for VOCs, then the water treatment system will be evaluated to determine corrective actions.

ASTU Decision Rule 2. If Sr-90 begins to show an increasing trend at TAN-41 over four consecutive sampling events, then the ASTU will be shut down.


Because of potential errors in sampling and performing chemical analyses, decisions that are made based on a single measurement could be erroneous. Decision errors will be minimized by evaluating data trends and not relying on single data points.


The final step in the DQO process is to design a program to cost-effectively collect data that will meet the DQOs. The data collection program for the medial zone is described in Section 5.

2.4 Data Quality Objectives for Monitored Natural Attenuation

The Record of Decision Amendment selected MNA for the TCE plume in the distal zone. DQOs presented here for the MNA portion of the remedy are modified based on data collected since initial DQOs were developed (DOE-ID 2009c).


The MNA objectives from the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001) have been incorporated into problem statements. The problem statements are defined below:

Problem Statement 1 – Determine if the MNA component of the remedy is effective for TCE so that the RAO will be attained by 2095.

2-7

Problem Statement 2 – Determine if the TCE plume is expanding beyond the 30% allowed by the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001).

2.4.2 Identify the Decisions

Based on the problem statements, the principal study questions are given in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4. Principal study questions for monitored natural attenuation and inputs for decision.



Level Required

1. Are natural attenuation rates sufficient to ensure RAOs will be met for VOCs by 2095?

Monitoring data for VOCs (TCE, PCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE and vinyl chloride) and tritium. Model predicted breakthrough curves. Water levels for TAN area.

Determine if MNA is functional by comparing to modeled output for VOCs and tritium. Tritium data aids in assessing TCE biodegradation rates. Determine if VOC trends are on track to be below MCLs by 2095.

Definitive

2. Has the TCE plume expanded and if so will it exceed the allowable 30%?

VOCs in Zone 3 Determine changes in plume length.

Definitive

DCE 1,2-dichloroethene MCL maximum contaminant level MNA monitored natural attenuation PCE tetrachloroethene RAO remedial action objective TAN Test Area North TCE trichloroethene VOCs volatile organic compounds


Three types of information are required to resolve the decision statements: (1) MCLs, (2) modeled breakthrough curves, and (3) monitoring data. The Record of Decision Amendment identifies a groundwater RAO to restore the contaminated aquifer by 2095 by reducing all contaminants of concern to below (a) MCLs, (b) a 1 10-4 total cumulative carcinogenic risk-based level for future residential groundwater use, and (c) a cumulative hazard index of 1 for noncarcinogens. Acceptable cumulative risk from hypothetical residential groundwater use must also be achieved by 2095.


The spatial boundary for MNA of TCE is currently defined as the distal zone but will eventually cover the entire groundwater plume at TAN. The TCE plume extends approximately 2 mi to the east and southeast of the TSF-05 injection well. Vertically, the spatial boundaries are defined by the water table and the QR interbed, which occur at roughly 220 ft below land surface and 400 ft below land surface near TSF-05. MNA monitoring for VOCs is expected to include the geographic areas defined as the hot spot and medial zone when these areas transition from the ISB and pump and treat components of the remedy to long-term monitoring.

The temporal boundary of the study is the remaining time until the year 2095. For spatial boundaries, the plume has been divided into three zones, as shown in Figure 2-1. For Zone 1, declining

2-8

contaminant trends may be discernable by 2013. However, the relatively slow rate of change in contaminant concentrations, coupled with inherent measurement error, makes trend identification difficult. In Zone 2, breakthrough is not expected to be exhibited until approximately 2020. Evidence of post-breakthrough trends might not be conclusive for another decade.



Decision Rule 1. If monitoring data indicate that (1) peak TCE breakthrough has occurred in Zone 1 and Zone 2 monitoring wells before the bounding estimate of the peak breakthrough year, then MNA will be determined to be operational and functional, and long-term verification monitoring at a reduced frequency will commence. Otherwise, the Agencies may extend monitoring for a period sufficient to determine trends or make modifications to the MNA component of the remedy.

Decision Rule 2. If TCE concentrations measured in TAN-56 and/or TAN-57 exceed 10 g/L for two consecutive years, then the monitoring plan will be revised to include installation of a further downgradient monitoring well. The new monitoring well will be located at a point that represents a 30% increase in plume size. That is, the well will be at a distance 1.3 times the length of the 1997 plume, measured along the primary plume axis of expansion, as estimated by the 5- g/L isopleth. If the TCE plume does not expand more than 30% based on the 5- g/L contour line, then MNA will be operational and functional in Zone 3. If expansion greater than 30% occurs, then MNA will require reevaluation by the Agencies and possible modification of the remedy.


Because of potential errors in sampling and performing chemical analyses, decisions that are made based on a single measurement could be erroneous.

For Decision Rule 1, the post-breakthrough trends will be identified based on a trend for multiple data points past peak breakthrough rather than on the minimum number of data points past the predicted peak breakthrough time needed to determine a trend.

For Decision Rule 2, the TCE concentrations in TAN-56 and TAN-57 must exceed 10 g/L for 2 years to minimize the risk of a possible laboratory error triggering an action to drill a downgradient well.


The final step in the DQO process is to design a program to cost-effectively collect data that will meet the DQOs. The requirements of the data collection program are presented in Section 6.

2-9

Figure 2-1. Monitored natural attenuation monitoring zones and sampling wells.

2-10

2.5 Data Quality Objectives for Radionuclide Monitoring

The Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001) assumed that Cs-137 and Sr-90 would attenuate through sorption and decay and that concentrations would not increase to levels that would prevent meeting RAOs as a result of either ISB or pump and treat. Data indicate that ISB may be mobilizing radionuclides (Cs-137 in the hot spot has recently been increasing) and Sr-90 has not been trending downward. Monitoring is necessary to determine if the assumptions that radionuclides will achieve RAOs by 2095 are valid.


The problem statement for radionuclides is defined below:

Problem Statement 1 – During ISB, Cs-137 concentrations have recently been increasing in the hot spot, and Sr-90 concentrations have remained elevated in the hot spot and medial zone.

Problem Statement 2 – After ISB is completed, Cs-137 and Sr-90 concentrations might not decline at a rate that would achieve MCLs by 2095.


Based on the problem statement, the principal study questions are given in Table 2-5.

Table 2-5. Principal study question for radionuclide monitoring and inputs for decision.



Level Required

1. Prior to the rebound test, are Cs-137 and Sr-90 migrating as a result of ISB?

Cs-137 in hot spot and Sr-90 in hot spot and medial zone prior to rebound test

Determine if Cs-137 in the hot spot and Sr-90 in the hot spot and medial zone are migrating based on data trends.

Definitive

2. After ISB is completed, will Cs-137 and Sr-90 decline at a rate to meet MCLs by 2095?

Cs-137 in hot spot and Sr-90 in hot spot and medial zone after ISB is completed

Determine if Sr-90 in the medial zone is migrating. Monitor Cs-137 and Sr-90 trends to determine if radionuclides will be below MCLs by 2095.

Definitive

ISB in situ bioremediation MCL maximum contaminant level


Two types of information are required to resolve the decision statements: (1) MCLs and (2) monitoring data. The Record of Decision Amendment identifies a groundwater RAO to restore the contaminated aquifer by 2095 by reducing all contaminants of concern to below MCLs and a 1 × 10-4 total cumulative carcinogenic risk-based level for future residential groundwater use. Acceptable cumulative risk from hypothetical residential groundwater use must also be obtained by 2095. Because ISB may enhance radionuclide mobility, a rebound test will be necessary to establish the impact of ISB on radionuclide mobility. Data need to be collected before the rebound test and after ISB is complete.

2-11


The spatial boundary for monitoring radionuclides includes wells in the hot spot and medial zone. The temporal boundary of the study is the remaining time until the year 2095.



Decision Rule 1. Because of the influence of ISB on radionuclide concentrations, no decision will be made prior to the rebound test. Monitoring will continue regardless of the concentrations and trends observed.

Decision Rule 2. If the rebound test confirms that Cs-137 and Sr-90 concentrations will trend downward in the absence of ISB, then data are needed to establish concentration trends after ISB is completed. If radionuclide contaminants are attenuating at a rate that will achieve MCLs before 2095, then no investigation will be necessary to determine how to remediate radionuclides. If Cs-137 or Sr-90 have not trended downward at the end of the rebound test or are not attenuating at a sufficient rate, then an investigation will be necessary and other remedial measures will need to be considered.

Decision Rule 3. If Sr-90 at TAN-29 exceeds 60 pCi/L, DOE-ID will evaluate potential impacts to downgradient pumping wells. If Sr-90 at TAN-29 exceeds 100 pCi/L, DOE-ID will evaluate the Sr-90 plume and provide recommended actions to be approved by the Agencies, to include: (a) additional quarterly sampling to identify trends or anomalous results, (b) a timeline for actions if concentrations persist through three consecutive sampling events, and (c) steps to ensure Well TAN-41 is not adversely impacted.


Because of potential errors in sampling and performing chemical analyses, decisions that are made based on a single measurement could be erroneous.

For Decision Rules 1 and 2, decision errors will be minimized by evaluating trends and not relying on single data points. Depending on the outcome of the ISB rebound test, the determination whether radionuclides will achieve MCLs and risk-based levels by 2095 may have to wait until after ISB is complete.


The final step in the DQO process is to design a program to cost-effectively collect data that will meet the DQOs. The requirements of the data collection program are presented in Section 7.

3-1

3. IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION MONITORING

This section describes the collection, location, frequency, and quality levels of monitoring data required to support the ISB component of the remedy. Well construction information for the ISB monitoring wells is given in Appendix A and is maintained in the OU 1-07B project files and the Environmental Data Warehouse (EDW) (ICP 2011).

3.1 In Situ Bioremediation Sampling Strategy and Objectives

The monitoring strategy for the hot spot is to collect data necessary to evaluate performance of ISB injections and operations and to determine whether ISB has sufficiently reduced the residual source to transition to a rebound test. The monitoring strategy incorporates the results of the DQO process described in Section 2, as well as experience gained in previous years of ISB operations.

The general ISB monitoring objectives are to collect monitoring data to demonstrate meaningful progress toward reduction of the residual source and complete dechlorination of VOCs to indicate proper ISB conditions are being maintained. The monitoring strategy for ISB is based on addressing the questions in Table 3-1.

3.2 Sampling Locations and Frequencies

ISB performance monitoring includes monthly sampling and quarterly sampling at 18 locations for ISB indicator parameters until the start of a rebound test (Table 3-2 and Figure 3-1). The monthly sampling frequency will be sufficient to identify any trends requiring operational modifications. More frequent sampling of ISB wells may occur with direction from the OU 1-07B technical lead or project manager, and the sampling and analysis plan (SAP) tables will be adjusted accordingly.

Monitoring will continue at the frequencies listed in Table 3-2 until it is determined that a rebound test should start. A rebound test will be conducted at a time that is agreed upon by the Agencies. The rebound test will evaluate the need for continued ISB injections and evaluate the residual source influence on groundwater.

3.3 Analytes and Methods

Table 3-3 defines analytical methods, MCLs, method detection limits, and data quality levels for each analyte. VOC data will be used to assess the efficiency of anaerobic reductive dechlorination and to evaluate the residual source in the aquifer. Tritium data will be used to assess the residual source since it should be released from the residual source sludge along with TCE. Chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acid data will be used to assess the distribution of donor in the aquifer and to evaluate the efficiency of the injections. Redox indicators are used to determine that proper redox conditions are being maintained for efficient anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Bioactivity indicators are used to evaluate biological activity. Annual off-Site anion (chloride, sulfate, and nitrate) data will be used to evaluate groundwater flow and to establish redox conditions in the area prior to the start of an ISB rebound test.

All other sampling and analysis details—including container types, sample preservation, holding time, analytical methods, and chain-of-custody requirements—are addressed in the task order statement of work and field guidance forms prepared prior to each sampling event and comply with the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPjP) (DOE-ID 2009e).

3-2

Tabl

e 3-

1. In

situ

bio

rem

edia

tion

obje

ctiv

es a

nd st

rate

gy.

Que

stio

n O

bjec

tive

Wel

ls

Ana

lyte

s D

ata

Eval

uatio

n

TAN

-31,

TA

N-2

5, T

SF-0

5A

and

TSF-

05B

, TA

N-1

859A

a an

d TA

N-1

859B

, TA

N-D

-2

VO

Cs,

VFA

s, C

OD

, re

dox

and

bioa

ctiv

ity

indi

cato

rs, d

isso

lved

ga

ses,

sulfa

te

Eval

uate

redo

x an

d bi

oact

ivity

indi

cato

rs to

ens

ure

prop

er re

dox

cond

ition

s for

eff

icie

nt A

RD

are

m

aint

aine

d. E

valu

ate

elec

tron

dono

r and

CO

D

conc

entra

tions

to m

onito

r the

dis

tribu

tion

of e

lect

ron

dono

r.

TAN

-09,

TA

N-2

6, a

nd

TAN

-37C

Sa

me

exce

pt fo

r VFA

s D

eep

wel

ls u

sed

to e

valu

ate

VO

Cs a

t dep

th a

nd

dist

ribut

ion

of e

lect

ron

dono

rs.

TAN

-28,

TA

N-3

0A,

TAN

-186

0 an

d TA

N-1

861

Sam

e ex

cept

for C

OD

an

d V

FAs

TAN

-29

Sam

e ex

cept

for C

OD

, V

FAs,

and

redo

x in

dica

tors

Is IS

B o

pera

ting

effic

ient

ly a

nd

effe

ctiv

ely?

Adj

ust I

SB in

ject

ion

para

met

ers t

o in

crea

se

the

effic

ienc

y an

d ef

fect

iven

ess a

s ne

cess

ary

TAN

-37A

, TA

N-3

7B, a

nd

TAN

-37C

Sa

me

exce

pt fo

r VFA

s

Dow

ngra

dien

t wel

ls u

sed

to e

valu

ate

VO

C m

igra

tion

from

the

sour

ce a

rea.

TAN

-10A

and

TA

N-2

7 V

OC

s and

bio

activ

ity

indi

cato

rs

Out

side

wel

ls u

sed

to m

onito

r TC

E co

ncen

tratio

ns in

th

e pe

riphe

ry o

f the

plu

me.

Has

the

resi

dual

so

urce

bee

n su

ffic

ient

ly

redu

ced

to

trans

ition

ISB

op

erat

ions

into

a

rebo

und

test?

Det

erm

ine

whe

ther

to

do a

noth

er IS

B

inje

ctio

n or

star

t the

re

boun

d te

st

TAN

-31,

TA

N-2

5, T

SF-0

5A

and

TSF-

05B

, TA

N-1

859A

an

d TA

N-1

859B

VO

Cs,

tritiu

m, e

then

e Ev

alua

te re

sidu

al so

urce

stre

ngth

usi

ng tr

ends

for

trans

-DC

E, tr

itium

, and

tota

l mol

ar e

then

es.

a. T

AN

-185

9A w

ill b

e sa

mpl

ed if

ther

e is

suff

icie

nt w

ater

. A

RD

an

aero

bic

redu

ctiv

e de

chlo

rinat

ion

CO

D

chem

ical

oxy

gen

dem

and

DC

E 1,

2-di

chlo

roet

hene

IS

B

in si

tu b

iore

med

iatio

n TC

E tri

chlo

roet

hene

V

FA

vola

tile

fatty

aci

d V

OC

vo

latil

e or

gani

c co

mpo

und

3-3

Tabl

e 3-

2. In

situ

bio

rem

edia

tion

grou

ndw

ater

mon

itorin

g su

mm

ary

prio

r to

rebo

und

test

.

Wel

l Tr

itium

V

OC

sa C

OD

b V

FAs

Sulfa

te

Iron

M

etha

ne,

Ethe

ne

Alk

alin

ity

Ani

ons/

Off

-Site

TA

N-D

2 A

M

M

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-0

9 A

S

S —

S

S S

S A

TA

N-1

0A

A

S —

—

—

—

—

S

A

TAN

-25

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-26

A

S S

—

S S

S S

A

TAN

-27

A

S —

—

—

—

—

S

A

TAN

-28

Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-29

A

M

—

—

—

—

M

Q

A

TAN

-30A

Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-3

1 Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-3

7A

A

M

M

—

Q

Q

M

Q

A

TAN

-37B

A

M

M

—

Q

Q

M

Q

A

TA

N-3

7C

A

S S

—

S S

S S

A

TAN

-185

9Ac

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-185

9B

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-186

0 Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-1

861

Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TSF-

05A

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

A

TS

F-05

B

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

A

a. V

OC

s inc

lude

tetra

chlo

roet

hene

, tric

hlor

oeth

ene,

cis

-1,2

-dic

hlor

oeth

ene,

tran

s-1,

2-di

chlo

roet

hene

, and

vin

yl c

hlor

ide.

b.

pH

will

als

o be

mea

sure

d at

the

wel

ls sa

mpl

ed fo

r CO

D.

c. W

ell T

AN

-185

9A m

ay b

e sa

mpl

ed if

eno

ugh

wat

er is

pre

sent

to sa

mpl

e.

A

annu

ally

C

OD

ch

emic

al o

xyge

n de

man

d M

m

onth

ly

Q

quar

terly

S se

mia

nnua

lly

VFA

vo

latil

e fa

tty a

cid

VO

Cs

vola

tile

orga

nic

com

poun

ds

—

no sa

mpl

ing

3-4

Fi

gure

3-1

. Wel

l loc

atio

ns fo

r in

situ

bio

rem

edia

tion

and

rebo

und

test

mon

itorin

g.

3-5

Table 3-3. In situ bioremediation remedial action analytical method summary.

Analyte MCL Analytical

Method Method

Detection Limita Data Use VOCs

TCE 5 g/L SW-846 8260Bb 2 μg/L Monitoring SPME-GC-FID 0.9 μg/L PCE 5 g/L SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Monitoring SPME-GC-FID 4.6 μg/L Cis-DCE 70 g/L SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Monitoring SPME-GC-FID 1.5 μg/L Trans-DCE 100 g/L SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Monitoring SPME-GC-FID 0.5 μg/L

Vinyl chloride 2 g/L SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Monitoring SPME-GC-FID 2.2 μg/L Radionuclides

Tritium NA Liquid scintillation counting

400 pCi/L Monitoring

Electron donor COD NA Hachc Method 10067d 14 mg/L Monitoring VFAs NA GC-FID Variable Monitoring

Redox indicators Sulfate NA Hach Method 8051d 4.9 mg/L Monitoring Iron NA Hach Method 8146d 0.03 mg/L Monitoring

Bioactivity indicators pH NA pH electrode 0–14 units Monitoring Alkalinity NA Hach Method 8203d 10 mg/L Monitoring

Dissolved gases Ethene NA GC-FID 1 g L Monitoring Methane NA GC-FID 1 g/L Monitoring

Anions (off-Site) Redox/flow indicators

Chloride NA E300 1 mg/L Monitoring Sulfate NA E300 1 mg/L Monitoring Nitrate/nitrite as N NA E352.3 0.5 mg/L Monitoring

a. The method detection limits are approximate and are based on the following: EPA method organics and radionuclides from the Quality Assurance Project Plan for Waste Area Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, and Removal Actions (DOE-ID 2009e); Hach methods, and SPME organics from previous project experience.

b. Method 8260B “Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)” (EPA 1996). Wells in the immediate injection area including TSF-05, TAN-25, TAN-26, TAN-31, TAN-37, TAN-1859, and TAN-D2 will use Method 8260B. All other ISB wells may use either method.

c. Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado, 80539-0389, telephone: (800) 227-4224. d. Samples may be analyzed in the field lab using the listed method or samples may be sent to an off-Site laboratory for analysis (iron -

SW6020, sulfate - E300, alkalinity - SM2320-B, and COD - E 410.4). It is anticipated that during the ISB rebound test samples will be sent to an off-Site laboratory. Method detection limits will be less than for the field methods.

COD chemical oxygen demand DCE dichloroethene EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency GC-FID gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ISB in situ bioremediation MCL maximum contaminant level

NA not applicable PCE tetrachloroethene SPME solid-phase micro extraction TCE trichloroethene VFA volatile fatty acid VOC volatile organic compound

3-6

Nonroutine samples may be collected occasionally for other purposes at the discretion of the project manager. Sampling and analysis tables will be prepared for these nonroutine samples, as required. Nonroutine sampling will be coordinated with routine sampling to the extent feasible.

3.4 Data Validation

Routine monitoring for VOCs or other analytes will not be validated. Once a year, off-Site VOC laboratory-generated analytical data supporting ISB monitoring will be validated to Level “B” per the latest data validation procedure. Data generated by the field laboratory or INL Research Center (IRC) laboratory will not be validated.

3.5 Water-Level Measurements

Water levels will be measured in the injection wells during the injections of electron donor to evaluate water-level mounding during injection events at the discretion of the project manager or technical lead.

4-1

4. IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION REBOUND TEST MONITORING

This section describes the collection of monitoring data for the appropriate locations, frequencies, and quality levels required to support the ISB rebound test.

4.1 In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test Sampling Objectives and Strategy

The monitoring strategy for the ISB rebound test is based on addressing the questions in Table 4-1.

The key data to answer Question 1 are TCE concentrations after redox parameters have returned to background conditions. The objective of answering Question 1 is to determine if the residual source in the aquifer has been treated sufficiently to determine that the ISB component of the remedy is no longer needed. Initially, concentrations of redox-dependent analytes, including sulfate, iron, nitrate, and methane, will be used to determine when background conditions are achieved. In addition, alkalinity should decline due to reduced biological activity once chemical oxygen demand has declined to background values. After background conditions are attained, then VOC (primarily TCE) concentrations and trends will be evaluated to determine if ISB has sufficiently remediated the source. This analysis will include wells in the residual source area and downgradient wells.

The strategy to answer Question 2 in Table 4-1 is to sample the deepest vapor port in TAN-31 and evaluate the partitioning of TCE between the vapor and groundwater at TAN-31. In addition, the vertical distribution of VOCs (TCE) in the aquifer at TAN-1859 and TSF-05 will be evaluated to determine if vapor might be increasing TCE concentrations in the upper parts of the aquifer. A vadose zone source is expected to significantly impact the upper intervals in these wells more than the lower intervals. An evaluation of the impact from the vadose zone will need to consider other effects, i.e., sludge in the upper intervals could also contribute to rebound in the upper intervals.

The strategy to address Question 3 in Table 4-1 is to determine the source of TCE affecting TAN-28. TAN-28 has not responded as expected to ISB, and TCE concentrations have remained elevated since ISB began large-scale injections into TSF-05A. The cause of the TCE concentrations remaining elevated in the vicinity of TAN-28 may be:

Mounding water from ISB injections migrating through the vadose zone and dissolving contaminants (TCE) and entering the aquifer beyond the zone of anaerobic reductive dechlorination

ISB not treating all of the residual source in the aquifer (areal and vertical distribution)

Vapor and infiltration water transporting TCE in the vadose zone to the aquifer beyond the zone of anaerobic reductive dechlorination

Combination of above possibilities.

The first possibility will be addressed by curtailing ISB injections during the rebound test. The second possibility will be examined by looking at groundwater flow indicators (methane, nitrate, tritium, chloride, and alkalinity) and their changes at TAN-28 in relation to TCE concentrations. The third possibility will be examined as part of the vadose zone evaluation discussed above. Finally, all the data will be examined to evaluate the fourth possibility. Because of the seasonal pattern observed in TAN-28 over the last couple of years, samples will be collected monthly at a few wells, including TAN-28 and TAN-1860. TAN-29 will be sampled quarterly as a consistency check because nearly 2 years should be needed for the effects of the ISB rebound test to reach TAN-29.

4-2

Tabl

e 4-

1. In

situ

bio

rem

edia

tion

rebo

und

test

obj

ectiv

es a

nd st

rate

gy.

Que

stio

n O

bjec

tive

Wel

ls

Ana

lyte

s D

ata

Eval

uatio

n

Eval

uate

redo

x an

d C

OD

to d

eter

min

e w

hen

back

grou

nd c

ondi

tions

are

obt

aine

d TA

N-3

1, T

AN

-25,

TSF

-05A

an

d TS

F-05

B, T

AN

-185

9Aa

and

TAN

-185

9B

VO

Cs,

redo

x in

dica

tors

, al

kalin

ity, C

OD

, m

etha

ne, t

ritiu

m

Use

VO

Cs t

o ev

alua

te re

sidu

al so

urce

stre

ngth

Use

alk

alin

ity, m

etha

ne, n

itrat

e, c

hlor

ide,

and

triti

um

data

as f

low

trac

ers f

or T

AN

-28

eval

uatio

n

Will

a re

sidu

al

sour

ce re

mai

n in

the

aqui

fer

afte

r ISB

is

stop

ped?

Det

erm

ine

if IS

B h

as

suff

icie

ntly

redu

ced

the

cont

acta

ble

sour

ce

to st

op IS

B.

TAN

-37A

, TA

N-3

7B,

TAN

-D2

Ev

alua

te V

OC

s jus

t out

side

of t

he re

sidu

al so

urce

to

acco

unt f

or so

urce

rele

ases

that

mig

ht b

e m

isse

d by

ot

her w

ells

TAN

-26,

TA

N-3

7C, T

AN

-09

Ev

alua

te V

OC

s at d

epth

TAN

-27,

TA

N-1

0A

Ev

alua

te V

OC

s tre

nds o

n th

e pl

ume

perip

hery

to

dete

rmin

e im

pact

of s

topp

ing

ISB

Is a

vad

ose

zone

so

urce

aff

ectin

g th

e aq

uife

r?

Det

erm

ine

if va

dose

zo

ne is

impa

ctin

g gr

ound

wat

er

TAN

-31,

TSF

-05A

and

TS

F-05

B, T

AN

-185

9A

and

TAN

-185

9B

VO

Cs

Eval

uate

vap

or p

artit

ioni

ng in

to g

roun

dwat

er a

t TA

N-3

1, e

valu

ate

verti

cal d

istri

butio

n of

VO

Cs

in th

e aq

uife

r at T

SF-0

5 an

d TA

N-1

859

Low

est v

apor

por

t in

TAN

-31

(195

ft)

VO

Cs (

vapo

r)

Det

erm

ine

sour

ce o

f TC

E af

fect

ing

TAN

-28

TAN

-28,

TA

N-1

860,

TA

N-3

0A, T

AN

-186

1 V

OC

s, tri

tium

, met

hane

, al

kalin

ity, c

hlor

ide,

ni

trate

Eval

uate

VO

C tr

ends

in T

AN

-28

and

TAN

-186

0 as

rebo

und

test

pro

gres

ses t

o de

term

ine

sour

ce(s

) af

fect

ing

thes

e w

ells

Wha

t is t

he

sour

ce o

f pe

rsis

tent

TC

E in

the

vici

nity

of

TA

N-2

8?

U

se tr

itium

, met

hane

, alk

alin

ity, c

hlor

ide,

and

nitr

ate

as g

roun

dwat

er fl

ow tr

acer

s to

eval

uate

flow

pat

hs

from

the

resi

dual

sour

ce a

rea

TAN

-29

U

se T

AN

-29

data

as c

heck

of g

roun

dwat

er fl

ow p

ath

anal

ysis

sinc

e th

e tra

vel t

ime

to th

is w

ell f

rom

TSF

-05

area

is a

bout

2 y

ears

Tabl

e 4-

1. (c

ontin

ued)

.

4-3

Que

stio

n O

bjec

tive

Wel

ls

Ana

lyte

s D

ata

Eval

uatio

n

TSF-

05A

, TSF

-05B

, TA

N-2

5, T

AN

-186

1,

TAN

-37A

, and

TA

N-3

7B

Cs-

137

TSF-

05A

, TSF

-05B

, TA

N-2

5, T

AN

-28,

TA

N-1

861,

TA

N-2

9,

TAN

-30A

, TA

N-3

7A,

TAN

-37B

, and

TA

N-4

1

Sr-9

0

Eval

uate

radi

onuc

lide

trend

s onc

e ba

ckgr

ound

redo

x co

nditi

ons a

re a

chie

ved

in th

e aq

uife

r W

ill

radi

onuc

lide

conc

entra

tions

st

art t

o de

clin

e af

ter I

SB is

st

oppe

d?

Det

erm

ine

if ra

dion

uclid

es w

ill

star

t to

decl

ine

once

IS

B h

as st

oppe

d

TSF-

05A

, TSF

-05B

, TA

N-2

5, a

nd T

AN

-37A

To

tal U

U

se to

tal U

to e

valu

ate

sour

ce w

ells

a. T

AN

-185

9A w

ill b

e sa

mpl

ed if

ther

e is

suff

icie

nt w

ater

. C

OD

ch

emic

al o

xyge

n de

man

d IS

B

in si

tu b

iore

med

iatio

n TC

E tri

chlo

roet

hene

V

OC

vo

latil

e or

gani

c co

mpo

und

4-4

The strategy to address Question 4 in Table 4-1 is to evaluate radionuclide concentration trends once ISB injections have stopped and aquifer redox conditions return to background. Because ISB injections may be keeping radionuclide concentrations elevated, the radionuclide assessment will evaluate the radionuclide trends (in particular Cs-137 and Sr-90) in response to stopping ISB injections. Once background redox conditions are obtained, radionuclide concentrations should start to decrease. Because U-234 was identified as a contaminant of concern for the injection well in the Record of Decision and the MCL is for total U, samples will be analyzed for total U in TSF-05 and TAN-25 to evaluate the source strength and in downgradient well TAN-37A. Because uranium concentrations in groundwater are suppressed by the reducing conditions imposed by ISB, the return to oxidizing conditions should give a true indication of the amount of uranium present at the source. If necessary for the uranium evaluation, a background well will be selected to compare the data from the ISB wells. The annual radionuclide sampling in the source area will be increased to quarterly for the ISB rebound test in order to evaluate trends.

4.2 In Situ Bioremediation Monitoring During Rebound Test The sampling locations, sampling frequencies, analytes, and methods are described in the following

sections for the hot spot and the medial zone in the vicinity of TAN-28.

4.2.1 Groundwater Sampling Locations, Frequencies, and Analytes

The ISB rebound test will initially sample monthly at nine locations and quarterly at five locations for ISB indicator parameters (VOCs, alkalinity, and chemical oxygen demand) until the redox parameters (iron, methane, sulfate and nitrate) indicate that background conditions have been reached (Table 4-2 and Figure 3-1). Dissolved oxygen measurements may also be taken at the ISB locations and at a selected upgradient background location if needed to determine that natural conditions have been restored in the ISB area. The monthly sampling frequency will be sufficient to identify the transition from the reducing conditions created by ISB to natural background oxidizing conditions in the aquifer. After background redox conditions are achieved, then the sampling frequency will change for some locations and analytes. Sampling for iron and chemical oxygen demand will be discontinued once background redox conditions are achieved because these analytes are expected to remain low (Table 4-2). More frequent sampling of ISB wells may occur with direction from the OU 1-07B technical lead or project manager, and the SAP tables will be adjusted accordingly.

4.2.2 Vapor Sampling Location, Frequency, and Analytes

During the ISB rebound test, the deepest vapor port in TAN-31 (195 ft) will be sampled quarterly. The vapor sample will be analyzed for VOCs, including PCE, TCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE, and vinyl chloride, and major gases, including methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. Quarterly vapor sampling will occur at the same time as quarterly groundwater sampling (see Table 4-2).

4.2.3 Analytical Methods

Analytical methods, MCLs, method detection limits, and data quality levels for each analyte will be the same as in Section 3. Table 4-1 summarizes the data needed and the key locations for addressing the four questions that the rebound test is addressing.

All other sampling and analysis details—including container types, sample preservation, holding time, analytical methods, and chain-of-custody requirements—are addressed in the task order statement of work and field guidance forms prepared prior to each sampling event. Nonroutine samples may be collected occasionally for various research projects or for other purposes at the discretion of the project manager. Sampling and analysis tables will be prepared for these nonroutine samples, as required. Nonroutine sampling will be coordinated with routine sampling to the extent feasible.

4-5

Table 4-2. Monitoring summary for in situ bioremediation during the rebound test.

Well Tritium VOCs CODa

Sulfate, Chloride, Nitrate Irona

Methane, Ethene Alkalinity

Groundwater Wells

TAN-D2 A Q M Q M Q Q TAN-09 A S — S — S S TAN-10A A S — S — — S TAN-25 Q M M M M M Q TAN-26 A S — S S S S TAN-27 A S — S — — S TAN-28 Q M — M — M Q TAN-29 A Q — Q — Q Q TAN-30A Q M M M M M Q TAN-31 Q M-q M M-q M M-q Q TAN-37A Q M-q M M-q M M-q Q TAN-37B Q M-q M M-q M M-q Q TAN-37C A Q Q Q Q Q Q TAN-1859Ab Q M-q M M-q M M-q Q TAN-1859B Q M-q M M-q M M-q Q TAN-1860 Q M — M M M Q TAN-1861 A M — M M M Q TSF-05A Q M M M M M Q TSF-05B Q M M M M M Q

Vapor Well

TAN-31-195 — Qc — — — — — a. COD and iron = Monthly/quarterly sampling until nondetected or at background values, then not sampled

thereafter. b. Sampled if sufficient water. c. Also sampled for major gases (nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen).

A annually COD chemical oxygen demand M monthly M-q initially sampled monthly then switches to quarterly after background redox conditions established Q quarterly S semiannually VOC volatile organic compound — no sample

4-6

4.2.4 Data Validation During Rebound Test

Routine monitoring for VOCs or other analytes will not be validated. Once a year, off-Site laboratory-generated VOC analytical data supporting ISB monitoring will be validated to Level “B” per the latest data validation procedure. Data generated by the field laboratory or the IRC laboratory will not be validated.

4.3 Pump and Treat Monitoring During In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test

The only change to the pump and treat monitoring during the ISB rebound test will be that the ASTU will not be operated during the rebound test. Consequently, ASTU operational samples will not be collected except for TAN-41 for Sr-90. Sampling of the other medial zone wells and NPTF will proceed as in Section 5.

4.4 Monitored Natural Attenuation Sampling During In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test

Because the distal zone of the plume is far enough away from the hot spot, the ISB rebound test will not have an effect during the test’s 2-year duration. MNA sampling for TCE will not change during the rebound test. The sampling discussed in Section 6 will be followed during the rebound test.

4.5 Radionuclide Monitoring During In Situ Bioremediation Rebound Test

The radionuclide sampling will change to the monitoring described below during the rebound test. The goal of radionuclide monitoring during the rebound test will be to determine if radionuclide concentrations are trending downward.

4.5.1 Sampling Locations, Frequency, and Analytes

During the ISB rebound test, radionuclide samples will be collected quarterly at nine locations for Sr-90 and Cs-137, as shown in Table 4-3, to determine if ISB has been mobilizing these radionuclides. Samples from three wells in the source area will also be analyzed for total U during the rebound test. U is immobilized by reducing conditions created by ISB. Because ISB is creating conditions that immobilize uranium, determining when background aquifer redox conditions are achieved is important in order to evaluate U mobilization under background oxidizing conditions. Sampling for redox indicators to determine the transition from reducing conditions to background oxidizing conditions in the aquifer was discussed previously in Section 4.2. Monitoring will continue at these frequencies until completion of the rebound test. To meet the ASTU requirement to sample TAN-41 for 2 years after ASTU shutdown (see Section 5.2.2), TAN-41 will be sampled quarterly for Sr-90 during the rebound test.

With direction from the OU 1-07B technical lead, more frequent sampling of wells may occur and nonroutine samples may be collected occasionally for other purposes. SAP tables will be prepared for these nonroutine samples, as required. Nonroutine sampling will be coordinated with routine sampling to the extent feasible.

4-7

Table 4-3. Radionuclide sampling during the in situ bioremediation rebound test.

Well Sr-90 Cs-137 Total Ua TAN-25 Q Q Q TAN-28 Q — — TAN-29 Q — — TAN-30A Q — — TAN-37A Q Q Q TAN-37B Q Q — TAN-1861 Q Q — TAN-41 Q — — TSF-05A Q Q Q TSF-05B Q Q Q a. Sampling starts second quarter. Q quarterly — no sample

4.5.2 Analytical Methods

Table 4-4 defines analytical methods, MCLs, method detection limits, and data quality levels for each analyte. A gas flow proportional counter will be used for Sr-90 analysis. Gamma spectroscopy will be used for Cs-137 analysis. Inductively coupled plasma will be used for analysis of total U. All other sampling and analysis details—including container types, sample preservation, holding time, and chain-of-custody requirements—are addressed in the task order statement of work and field guidance forms prepared prior to each sampling event in accordance with the QAPjP (DOE-ID 2009e).

Table 4-4. Analytical method summary for radionuclide sampling during rebound test.

Analyte Analytical Method Method Detection Limit/

Minimum Detectable Activity MCL Cs-137 Gamma spectrometrya,b 30 pCi/L 200 pCi/L Sr-90 Gas flow proportionala,b 1 pCi/L 8 pCi/L Total U SW6020a,b 1 μg/L 30 μg/L

a. Specific analytical requirements and performance-based standards for radiological analyses will be established in the laboratory task order statement of work.

b. Methods for the radiological analyses may be reevaluated as the remedial action progresses. MCL maximum contaminant level

4.5.3 Data Validation

Off-Site laboratory-generated analytical data supporting the radionuclide sampling during the ISB rebound test will be validated to Level “B” per the latest data validation procedure.

4-8

4.6 Water-Level Measurements During Rebound Test

During the ISB rebound test, water levels will be measured at least quarterly for all the wells listed in Table 4-2 and more frequently at the direction of the project manager or technical lead. Water levels will be collected only from the highest interval in multi-depth wells. The area-wide annual water levels (see Section 6.3) will also be collected during the rebound test. These data will be used to evaluate the residual source and persistent TCE in the vicinity of TAN-28.

5-1

5. PUMP AND TREAT MONITORING The NPTF and ASTU are pump and treat systems to ensure that contaminated water migrating

downgradient to the distal zone will meet MCLs and risk-based levels by 2095 through MNA. DOE-ID has been operating these systems voluntarily as a best management practice. Facility compliance monitoring is required when these facilities are operating to ensure that the RAOs specified in the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001) are met. Operational monitoring aids in decisions with respect to operational parameters.

5.1 New Pump and Treat Facility The NPTF began routine operations on October 1, 2001, and operated continuously for

approximately 3.5 years until March 1, 2005, when the NPTF was placed on standby for the NPTF medial zone rebound test. During the first 3.5 years of routine operations, TCE concentrations in the NPTF influent decreased to less than 100 g/L. At the conclusion of the NPTF rebound test, the NPTF was restarted with a long-term pulsed-pumping operational strategy (instead of operating the facility 24 hours per day, 7 days per week). From November 16, 2007, until December 7, 2009, the NPTF was in standby mode. Since December 2009, DOE-ID has operated the NPTF voluntarily during the week as a best management practice to reduce concentrations in the medial zone. NPTF also processes purge water each sampling event, even when in standby mode.

Major components of the NPTF include: (1) a network of groundwater extraction wells (i.e., TAN-38, TAN-39, and TAN-40), (2) an aboveground treatment system that uses two air strippers to reduce concentrations of VOCs to less than MCLs, and (3) an injection well (TAN-53A) used to inject treated water back into the aquifer. The well locations are shown on Figure 5-1.

5.1.1 New Pump and Treat Facility Monitoring Objectives and Strategy

The objective of the NPTF compliance monitoring is to verify compliance with the applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements for treated groundwater. These limits are shown in Table 5-1. The objective of operational monitoring is to determine whether operating the pump and treat facilities is required and to aid in deciding which of the three NPTF extraction wells should be used.

Table 5-1. New Pump and Treat Facility water discharge limits. Contaminant Maximum Contaminant Level

Trichloroethene 5 μg/L Tetrachloroethene 5 μg/L Cis-1,2-dichloroethene 70 μg/L Trans-1,2-dichloroethene 100 μg/L Vinyl chloride 2 μg/L Strontium-90 8 pCi/L

Facility compliance monitoring is conducted during facility operations to ensure that the NPTF effluent meets water discharge limits (MCLs for VOCs and Sr-90). The operational strategy is discussed in the Rebound Test Plan (DOE-ID 2011a).

The monitoring strategy for the NPTF is based on addressing the questions in Table 5-2.

5-2

Fi

gure

5-1

. Med

ial z

one

wel

l loc

atio

ns.

5-3

Tabl

e 5-

2. N

ew P

ump

and

Trea

t Fac

ility

obj

ectiv

es a

nd st

rate

gy.

Que

stio

n O

bjec

tive

Wel

ls/S

ampl

ing

Port

Ana

lyte

s D

ata

Eval

uatio

n

Are

VO

C a

nd S

r-90

co

ncen

tratio

ns in

NPT

F ef

fluen

t bel

ow M

CLs

?

Det

erm

ine

efflu

ent w

ater

co

ncen

tratio

n (S

P-2)

N

PTF

SP-2

V

OC

s, Sr

-90

Eval

uate

com

plia

nce

with

eff

luen

t dis

char

ge

requ

irem

ents

.

If N

PTF

is o

pera

ting,

sh

ould

the

pum

ping

st

rate

gy b

e ch

ange

d?

Det

erm

ine

conc

entra

tion

of

influ

ent a

nd o

f plu

me

in

vici

nity

of e

xtra

ctio

n w

ells

NPT

F SP

-1, T

AN

-41,

and

TA

N-4

4 V

OC

s Ev

alua

te w

heth

er a

cha

nge

shou

ld b

e m

ade

to

pum

ping

stra

tegy

(i.e

., w

hich

wel

ls to

pum

p fr

om).

Can

NPT

F be

shut

do

wn

for m

ore

than

30

day

s?

Dem

onst

rate

that

one

sa

mpl

ing

even

t mee

ts

shut

dow

n cr

iteria

TAN

-33,

TA

N-3

6, T

AN

-44

TCE

Eval

uate

whe

ther

one

sam

plin

g ev

ent m

eets

sh

utdo

wn

crite

ria

If N

PTF

is n

ot

oper

atin

g, w

hen

is it

re

quire

d to

rest

art?

Det

erm

ine

if N

PTF

mus

t re

star

t TA

N-4

4 (a

nd T

AN

-33

and

TAN

-36

if TA

N-4

4 is

10

0 μg

/L T

CE)

TCE

TCE

conc

entra

tions

det

erm

ine

sam

plin

g fr

eque

ncy

until

TC

E in

crea

ses t

o 20

0 μg

/L a

nd N

PTF

mus

t re

star

t.

Is p

ump

and

treat

af

fect

ing

the

med

ial

zone

plu

me?

Med

ial z

one

sam

plin

g fo

r pl

ume

eval

uatio

n TA

N-3

3, T

AN

-36,

TA

N-4

1,

TAN

-42,

TA

N-4

3, T

AN

-44

TCE

Eval

uate

med

ial z

one

TCE

plum

e.

MC

L m

axim

um c

onta

min

ant l

evel

N

PTF

New

Pum

p an

d Tr

eat F

acili

ty

TCE

trich

loro

ethe

ne

VO

C

vola

tile

orga

nic

com

poun

d

5-4

5.1.2 New Pump and Treat Facility Sampling Locations, Frequency, and Analytes

Sampling objectives, sample locations, sample frequency, analytes, and analytical methods are shown in Table 5-3 for NPTF compliance monitoring and in Table 5-4 for NPTF operational monitoring. Table 5-5 summarizes NPTF sampling by well. Compliance monitoring and operational monitoring for the NPTF are described below in Sections 5.1.2.1 and 5.1.2.2.

5.1.2.1 Compliance Monitoring. Sampling objectives, sample locations, sample frequency, analytes, and analytical methods for NPTF compliance sampling are provided in Table 5-3. To demonstrate compliance with the no-longer-contained-in determination, the NPTF effluent water will be sampled (SP-2) quarterly for VOCs (PCE, TCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE, and vinyl chloride). The location of SP-2, which is a dedicated sampling port, is shown on Figure 5-2. The water effluent must be below the VOC MCLs, which are shown in Table 5-1. Provided the NPTF effluent remains below detection levels for PCE and vinyl chloride and below the MCL for TCE, which it has been historically, the effluent will be below the required risk-based level of 1 10-5 for VOCs. This is because the MCL for TCE (5 μg/L) is at a risk–based level of 2.5 10-6, which is less than the 1 10-5 risk-based level for re-injection. Effluent samples will also be analyzed quarterly for Sr-90 to demonstrate compliance with the MCL.

5.1.2.2 Operational Monitoring. Sampling objectives, sample locations, sample frequency, analytes, and analytical methods for NPTF operational sampling are provided in Table 5-4. As shown in Table 5-4, operational sampling at NPTF fulfills four objectives:

Objective #1 if NPTF is operating (to determine if any change in pumping strategy, i.e., which wells to pump from, should be made). To determine if any change is needed, NPTF SP-1 and Wells TAN-41 and TAN-44 would be sampled quarterly for VOCs.

Objective #2 (to determine if NPTF can be shut down for longer than 30 days). Before DOE-ID can shut down NPTF for longer than 30 days, a concurrent sample must be collected once from TAN-33, TAN-36, and TAN-44 that demonstrates TCE concentrations in all three wells are below 100 μg/L.

Objective #3 if NPTF is shut down for longer than 30 days (to determine if NPTF must resume operations). Quarterly VOC sampling of TAN-44 will be required until TCE concentration is greater than 100 μg/L. At this point, quarterly sampling of the three transverse wells (TAN-33, TAN-36, and TAN-44) will be required until any one transverse well is greater than 160 μg/L TCE; at this time, monthly sampling of these three wells will begin or NPTF restarted in lieu of monthly sampling.

Objective #4 (to evaluate the medial zone TCE plume). To evaluate the medial zone plume, six wells will be sampled annually for VOCs (TAN-33, TAN-36, TAN-41, TAN-42, TAN-43, and TAN-44).

Because some wells are sampled for multiple purposes and Table 5-4 shows how each well supports each objective, some wells appear more than once on the table. For example, data from TAN-44 are necessary for each sampling objective. The well would be sampled quarterly (Objective #1 if NPTF is operating or Objective #3 if NPTF is not operating) but would be sampled monthly for Objective #3 if NPTF is shut down and TCE concentrations exceed 160 μg/L. Well TAN-33, on the other hand, would be sampled annually for plume evaluation (Objective #4) but would be sampled quarterly for Objective #3 if NPTF is shut down and TCE concentrations are above 100 μg/L or monthly if concentrations are above 160 μg/L. Another example is TAN-41, which is sampled quarterly if NPTF is operating (Objective #1) or annually if NPTF is shut down (Objective #4).

5-5

Tabl

e 5-

3. N

ew P

ump

and

Trea

t Fac

ility

com

plia

nce

sam

plin

g.

Obj

ectiv

e D

ata

Usa

ge

Ana

lyte

s A

naly

tical

Met

hod

Met

hod

D

etec

tion

Lim

its

Freq

uenc

y D

eter

min

e ef

fluen

t wat

er

conc

entra

tion

(SP-

2)

Ass

ess c

ompl

ianc

e w

ith e

fflu

ent d

isch

arge

re

quire

men

ts

VO

Cs (

PCE,

TC

E,

cis-

DC

E, tr

ans-

DC

E, V

C)

Sr-9

0

SW-8

46 8

260B

(V

OC

s)

GFP

(Sr-

90)

2 g/

La (V

OC

s)

1 pC

i/L (S

r-90

) Q

uarte

rly

a. T

he d

etec

tion

leve

l use

d fo

r vin

yl c

hlor

ide

anal

ysis

is 1

μg/

L. D

etec

tion

limits

are

app

roxi

mat

e.

DC

E di

chlo

roet

hene

G

FP

gas f

low

pro

porti

onal

PC

E te

trach

loro

ethe

ne

TCE

trich

loro

ethe

ne

VC

vi

nyl c

hlor

ide

VO

C

vola

tile

orga

nic

com

poun

d Ta

ble

5-4.

New

Pum

p an

d Tr

eat F

acili

ty o

pera

tiona

l sam

plin

g.

Obj

ectiv

e D

ata

Usa

ge

Ana

lyte

s A

naly

tical

Met

hod

Met

hod

Det

ectio

n Li

mits

a Fr

eque

ncy

1. I

f NPT

F is

ope

ratin

g:

Det

erm

ine

if an

y ch

ange

in

pum

ping

stra

tegy

nee

ds

to b

e m

ade

(NPT

F SP

-1,

TAN

-41,

and

TA

N-4

4)

May

aid

in d

eter

min

ing

if a

chan

ge in

ext

ract

ion

stra

tegy

shou

ld b

e m

ade

for N

PTF

oper

atio

ns

TCE

SW 8

260B

or

SPM

E-G

C-F

ID (V

OC

s)

TCE:

0.9

g/

L Q

uarte

rly.

2. T

o sh

ut d

own

NPT

F fo

r m

ore

than

30

days

(T

AN

-33,

TA

N-3

6,

TAN

-44)

Dem

onst

rate

that

all

thre

e tra

nsve

rse

wel

ls

are

belo

w 1

00 μ

g/L

TCE

to sh

ut d

own

TCE

SW 8

260B

or

SPM

E-G

C-F

ID (V

OC

s)

TCE:

0.9

g/

L O

ne sa

mpl

ing

even

t m

ust s

how

all

thre

e w

ells

<10

0 μg

/L.

3. I

f NPT

F is

shut

dow

n:

Det

erm

ine

if N

PTF

mus

t re

sum

e op

erat

ions

(T

AN

-44;

pot

entia

lly

TAN

-33

and

TAN

-36

depe

ndin

g on

con

ditio

ns,

see

Sect

ion

5.1.

1).

Det

erm

ine

if N

PTF

mus

t res

tart

TCE

SW 8

260B

or

SPM

E-G

C-F

ID (V

OC

s)

TCE:

0.9

g/

L TA

N-4

4 qu

arte

rly.

If T

AN

-44

100 μg

/L

TCE,

then

add

TA

N-3

3,

TAN

-36

quar

terly

. If

TA

N-3

3, T

AN

-36,

or

TAN

-44

>160

μg/

L TC

E, th

en T

AN

-33,

TA

N-3

6, T

AN

-44

mon

thly

.

Tabl

e 5-

4. (c

ontin

ued)

.

5-6

Obj

ectiv

e D

ata

Usa

ge

Ana

lyte

s A

naly

tical

Met

hod

Met

hod

Det

ectio

n Li

mits

a Fr

eque

ncy

4. T

CE

med

ial z

one

plum

e ev

alua

tion

(TA

N-3

3,

TAN

-36,

TA

N-4

1,

TAN

-42,

TA

N-4

3,

TAN

-44)

Supp

ort o

vera

ll pl

ume

eval

uatio

n V

OC

s (PC

E,

TCE,

ci

s-1,

2-D

CE,

tr

ans-

1,2-

DC

E,

VC

)

SW 8

260B

or S

PME-

GC

-FID

(VO

Cs)

PC

E: 4

.6

g/L

TCE:

0.9

g/

L

cis-

DC

E: 1

.3

g/L

tran

s-D

CE:

0.

5 g/

L

VC

: 2.2

g/

L

Ann

ually

.

a. If

Met

hod

SW 8

260B

is u

sed,

then

det

ectio

n lim

its w

ill b

e 2

g/L

exce

pt fo

r vin

yl c

hlor

ide

whi

ch w

ill b

e 1

g/L.

DC

E di

chlo

roet

hene

G

C-F

ID

gas c

hrom

atog

raph

y-fla

me

ioni

zatio

n de

tect

or

NPT

F N

ew P

ump

and

Trea

t Fac

ility

PC

E te

trach

loro

ethe

ne

SPM

E so

lid p

hase

mic

ro e

xtra

ctio

n TC

E tri

chlo

roet

hene

V

C

viny

l chl

orid

e V

OC

vo

latil

e or

gani

c co

mpo

und

5-7

Table 5-5. Monitoring summary for New Pump and Treat Facility sampling. Well/Sampling Port Sr-90 VOCs Notes

When NPTF is operating NPTF SP-1 — Q NPTF SP-2 Q Q TAN-41 — Q TAN-44 — Q To shut down for more than 30 days TAN-33 — 1 One sample must be <100 μg/L TCEa TAN-36 — 1 One sample must be <100 μg/L TCEa TAN-44 — 1 One sample must be <100 μg/L TCEa When NPTF is shut down TAN-33 — —

Q M

Not sampled if TAN-44 100 μg/L TCE Q if TAN-44 >100 μg/L

M if TAN-33, TAN-36, or TAN-44 >160 μg/L TCE TAN-36 — —

Q M

Not sampled if TAN-44 100 μg/L TCE Q if TAN-44 >100 μg/L

M if TAN-33, TAN-36, or TAN-44 >160 μg/L TCE TAN-44 — Q

M Q if TAN-33, TAN-36, or TAN-44 160 μg/L TCE M if TAN-33, TAN-36, or TAN-44 >160 μg/L TCE

At all times TAN-33 — A TAN-36 — A TAN-41 — A TAN-42 — A TAN-43 — A TAN-44 — A a. One concurrent sampling event from TAN-33, TAN-36, and TAN-44. 1 1 sample (see Notes column) A annually M monthly NPTF New Pump and Treat Facility Q quarterly TCE trichloroethene VOC volatile organic compound — no sample

5-8

Fi

gure

5-2

. New

Pum

p an

d Tr

eat F

acili

ty p

roce

ss fl

ow d

iagr

am.

5-9

Note that monitoring elsewhere in this plan would provide early warning if Sr-90 were to migrate above the MCL to the NPTF effluent, which would require implementation of a contingent remedy as discussed in the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001) and mandatory operation of the ASTU. Data for upgradient Sr-90 concentrations at TAN-28 and TAN-29 will be collected under the radionuclide monitoring (see Section 7). Well TAN-41 will be sampled quarterly during ASTU operation and for 2 years after to evaluate migration of Sr-90 toward the NPTF pumping wells (see Section 5.2).

5.1.3 New Pump and Treat Facility Data Validation

All laboratory-generated analytical data supporting compliance monitoring will be validated to Level “B” per the latest data validation procedure. The quality control (QC) samples will include a duplicate sample. Data from the IRC laboratory or off-Site laboratory collected for operational sampling or plume evaluation will not be validated.

5.2 Air Stripper Treatment Unit The ASTU began operating November 16, 1998 and operated full time for a little over 2 years.

The ASTU was shut down for 10 years. DOE-ID voluntarily restarted the ASTU on January 31, 2011, to address high TCE concentrations in the vicinity of TAN-28.

Major components of the ASTU include: (1) a groundwater extraction well (TAN-29), (2) an aboveground treatment system that uses an air stripper to reduce concentrations of VOCs to less than MCLs, and (3) an injection well (TAN-49) used to inject treated water back into the aquifer. Locations of the ASTU and surrounding wells are shown in Figure 5-1.

5.2.1 Air Stripper Treatment Unit Monitoring Objectives

The objective of compliance monitoring during facility operations is to verify that the ASTU effluent meets water discharge limits (MCLs for VOCs), which are shown in Table 5-6. Because the ASTU may be inactive for more than 30 days, monitoring includes the collection of an operational sample after restart. Sampling of the influent SP-1 (which is the same as TAN-29) for VOCs is covered under ISB monitoring (monthly in Table 3-1) and ISB rebound test monitoring (quarterly in Table 4-2) and is not discussed further. The monitoring strategy for the ASTU is based on addressing the questions in Table 5-7.

Table 5-6. Air Stripper Treatment Unit water discharge limits.

Contaminant Maximum Contaminant Level

(μg/L) Trichloroethene 5 Tetrachloroethene 5 Cis-1,2-dichloroethene 70 Trans-1,2-dichloroethene 100 Vinyl chloride 2

5-10

Tabl

e 5-

7. A

ir St

rippe

r Tre

atm

ent U

nit o

bjec

tives

and

stra

tegy

.

Que

stio

n O

bjec

tive

Wel

ls/S

ampl

ing

Port

Ana

lyte

s D

ata

Eval

uatio

n

Are

VO

C

conc

entra

tions

in

trea

ted

wat

er

from

AST

U

belo

w M

CLs

?

Det

erm

ine

efflu

ent

wat

er c

once

ntra

tion

(SP-

2)

AST

U S

P-2

VO

Cs

Eval

uate

com

plia

nce

with

eff

luen

t dis

char

ge

requ

irem

ents

Is A

STU

op

erat

ion

caus

ing

Sr-9

0 m

igra

tion?

Alte

r AST

U

oper

atio

nal s

trate

gy if

sa

mpl

ing

show

s Sr-

90

mig

ratio

n

AST

U S

P-1

or S

P-2,

and

TA

N-4

1 Sr

-90

Eval

uate

Sr-9

0 co

ncen

tratio

ns a

nd tr

ends

to d

eter

min

e w

heth

er A

STU

ope

ratio

n is

cau

sing

Sr-

90 m

igra

tion

AST

U

Air

Strip

per T

reat

men

t Uni

t M

CLs

m

axim

um c

onta

min

ant l

evel

s V

OC

vo

latil

e or

gani

c co

mpo

und

5-11

5.2.2 Air Stripper Treatment Unit Sampling Locations, Frequency, and Analytes

The dedicated water sampling ports for ASTU are shown in Figure 5-3. SP-2 monitors the effluent water exiting the air stripper before re-injection into TAN-49. The sampling locations, analytes, and frequency of monitoring for compliance monitoring are shown in Table 5-8 and, for operational sampling, in Table 5-9. For compliance sampling, the effluent will be sampled for VOCs (PCE, TCE, cis-DCE, trans-DCE, and vinyl chloride). The ASTU sampling is summarized by sampling location in Table 5-10. The Agencies have agreed that the sampling presented in Table 5-10 supersedes the sampling outlined in Fulton (2010) and Monson (2010). Compliance sampling of effluent at SP-2 ensures the treated water re-injected into the aquifer meets RAOs for VOCs, which are MCLs and 1 × 10-5 risk-based level according to the regional screening levels for tapwater (EPA 2010). Similar to NPTF, PCE and vinyl chloride are not detected in ASTU effluent, and TCE is below MCLs. Therefore, the effluent is not expected to exceed the 1 10-5 risk-based threshold set in the Record of Decision Amendment (DOE-ID 2001) for re-injected water. If sampling results indicate that the effluent exceeds an MCL for VOCs, a confirmatory operational sample will be collected, the ASTU will be shut down, and the Agencies will be notified to determine an appropriate path forward.

ASTU will be sampled quarterly and will coincide with the OU 1-07B quarterly sampling event. If the ASTU is shut down for more than 30 days, an operational sample will be collected of the effluent for VOCs within 1 week of startup to ensure the re-injection criteria are met.

The sampling frequency in Tables 5-10 takes advantage of other sampling being conducted within OU 1-07B and may be adjusted, with Agency concurrence, depending on whether variability in the data justifies more or less frequent monitoring.

Concentrations of Sr-90 in the extracted and re-injected groundwater are expected to exceed the MCL of 8 pCi/L. The re-injected groundwater may have some effect on the migration of Sr-90 downgradient because all the water injected into TAN-49 may not be captured by the TAN-29 extraction well when the ASTU is operating. Routine monitoring of Sr-90 provides information on the activity of Sr-90 in water returned to the aquifer through injection. Because the ASTU does not treat Sr-90, sampling for Sr-90 can occur at extraction well TAN-29 (which is SP-1 when ASTU is operating) or SP-2, depending on which of these monitoring locations is already being sampled for OU 1-07B. TAN-41, which is downgradient of the ASTU injection well, will also be sampled quarterly for Sr-90. Quarterly monitoring for Sr-90 will continue at TAN-41 for 2 years after shutdown of the ASTU unless this schedule is modified with Agency concurrence.

The QAPjP (DOE-ID 2009e) outlines the requirements and procedures for sample handling, chain of custody, sample labeling, sample preservation, sample packaging, and shipment of samples to the laboratory. Sample analysis requirements are shown in Tables 5-8 and 5-9. Field guidance forms will be prepared for each sampling event to document the sampling media, unique sample identification numbers, sample location, analysis type, container size and type, and sample preservation. For compliance samples, a field blank and duplicate sample will be collected at a frequency of 1 in 20 samples, and a trip blank will be placed in each cooler of VOC samples during OU 1-07B quarterly sampling events, unless modified by Agency agreement.

5-12

Fi

gure

5-3

. Air

Strip

per T

reat

men

t Uni

t flo

w d

iagr

am.

5-13

Tabl

e 5-

8. A

ir St

rippe

r Tre

atm

ent U

nit c

ompl

ianc

e sa

mpl

ing.

O

bjec

tive

Dat

a U

sage

A

naly

tes

Ana

lytic

al M

etho

d R

epor

ting

Lim

it Fr

eque

ncy

D

eter

min

e ef

fluen

t wat

er

conc

entra

tion

(SP-

2)

Ass

ess c

ompl

ianc

e w

ith e

fflu

ent

disc

harg

e re

quire

men

ts

VO

Cs (

PCE,

TC

E, c

is-D

CE,

tra

ns-D

CE,

VC

) SW

-846

826

0Ba

(VO

Cs)

2

g/Lb

(VO

Cs)

Q

uarte

rly

a. M

etho

d 82

60B

, “V

olat

ile O

rgan

ic C

ompo

unds

by

Gas

Chr

omat

ogra

phy/

Mas

s Spe

ctro

met

ry (G

C/M

S)”

(EPA

199

6).

b. T

he d

etec

tion

leve

l use

d fo

r vin

yl c

hlor

ide

anal

ysis

is 1

μg/

L. D

etec

tion

limits

are

app

roxi

mat

e.

DC

E 1,

2-di

chlo

roet

hene

PC

E te

trach

loro

ethe

ne

TCE

trich

loro

ethe

ne

VC

vi

nyl c

hlor

ide

VO

Cs

vola

tile

orga

nic

com

poun

ds

Tabl

e 5-

9. A

ir St

rippe

r Tre

atm

ent U

nit o

pera

tiona

l sam

plin

g.

Obj

ectiv

e D

ata

Usa

ge

Ana

lyte

A

naly

tical

M

etho

d M

etho

d D

etec

tion

Lim

it Fr

eque

ncy

Turn

arou

nd

Tim

e

Fiel

d Q

ualit

y C

ontro

l D

eter

min

e if

Sr-9

0 is

m

igra

ting

as a

resu

lt of

A

STU

ope

ratio

ns (S

P-1

or

SP-2

,a and

TA

N-4

1).

If S

r-90

at A

STU

is

>60

pCi/L

, see

Dec

isio

n R

ule

3 (S

ectio

n 2.

5.5)

. If

Sr-

90 a

t TA

N-4

1 in

crea

ses o

ver f

our

cons

ecut

ive

sam

plin

g ev

ents

, shu

t dow

n A

STU

.

Sr-9

0 G

FP

1 pC

i/L

Qua

rterly

w

hen

oper

atin

g an

d TA

N-4

1 fo

r 2

year

s afte

r sh

utdo

wn

Stan

dard

Q

C p

art o

f O

U 1

-07B

qu

arte

rly

Ver

ify A

STU

ope

ratin

g pr

oper

ly. O

nly

upon

re

star

t if A

STU

has

bee

n sh

ut d

own

for m

ore

than

30

day

s (SP

-2).

Dem

onst

rate

that

AST

U

is o

pera

ting

prop

erly

. V

OC

s (PC

E,

TCE,

ci

s-D

CE,

tra

ns-D

CE,

V

C)

SW 8

260

or

SPM

E-G

C-

FID

(VO

Cs)

PCE:

4.6

g/

L TC

E: 0

.9

g/L

cis-

DC

E: 1

.3

g/L

trans

-DC

E: 0

.5

g/L

VC

: 2.2

g/

L

One

-tim

e sa

mpl

e w

ithin

fir

st w

eek

afte

r res

tartb

Expe

dite

dc N

one

a.

Bec

ause

the

AST

U d

oes n

ot tr

eat r

adio

nucl

ides

, inf

luen

t (SP

-1) a

nd e

fflu

ent s

ampl

es (S

P-2)

are

equ

ival

ent,

so e

ither

can

be

colle

cted

. b.

W

eek

1 sa

mpl

e co

unts

as t

he q

uarte

rly sa

mpl

e. R

esum

e ro

utin

e qu

arte

rly sa

mpl

ing

next

qua

rter.

c.

Labo

rato

ry re

ques

ted

to p

rovi

de u

nval

idat

ed p

relim

inar

y da

ta b

y fa

x or

em

ail w

ithin

7 d

ays.

AST

U

Air

Strip

per T

reat

men

t Uni

t D

CE

dich

loro

ethe

ne

GC

-FID

ga

s chr

omat

ogra

phy-

flam

e io

niza

tion

dete

ctor

G

FP

gas f

low

pro

porti

onal

cou

nter

OU

op

erab

le u

nit

PCE

tetra

chlo

roet

hene

Q

C

field

qua

lity

cont

rol (

e.g.

, fie

ld b

lank

, trip

bla

nk, d

uplic

ate)

SP

ME

solid

pha

se m

icro

ext

ract

ion

TCE

trich

loro

ethe

ne

VC

vi

nyl c

hlor

ide

VO

C

vola

tile

orga

nic

com

poun

d

5-14

Tabl

e 5-

10. M

onito

ring

sum

mar

y fo

r Air

Strip

per T

reat

men

t Uni

t.

Wel

l/Sam

plin

g Po

rt Sr

-90

VO

Cs

Not

es

Whe

n A

STU

ope

ratin

g

AST

U S

P-1

or S

P-2

Q

—

AST

U S

P-2

—

Q

TAN

-41

Q

—

Whe

n A

STU

is sh

ut d

own

TAN

-41

Q

—

For 2

yea

rs a

fter A

STU

shut

dow

n

Whe

n A

STU

rest

arte

d af

ter s

hutd

own

for m

ore

than

30

days

AST

U S

P-2

—

1 O

ne o

pera

tiona

l sam

plea c

olle

cted

with

in fi

rst w

eek

afte

r res

tart

a. N

o fie

ld q

ualit

y co

ntro

l (e.

g., f

ield

bla

nk, t

rip b

lank

, or d

uplic

ate)

1

1 sa

mpl

e (s

ee N

otes

col

umn)

A

STU

A

ir St

rippe

r Tre

atm

ent U

nit

Q

quar

terly

V

OC

vo

latil

e or

gani

c co

mpo

und

—

no sa

mpl

e

5-15

5.2.3 Equipment and Procedures for Air Stripper Treatment Unit Sampling

The ASTU water influent and effluent sampling will be conducted using the dedicated sampling ports SP-1 and SP-2. Water samples will be collected for VOC and radionuclide analyses, as defined in Table 5-9.

5.2.4 Air Stripper Treatment Unit Data Validation

All laboratory-generated analytical data supporting compliance monitoring will be validated to Level “B” per the latest data validation procedure. Analytical data will be controlled and managed in accordance with the Data Management Plan for OU 1-07B (PLN-1750) and maintained by the Sample and Analysis Management group and the EDW (ICP 2011). Validated data will be submitted to the Agencies within 120 days after collection. For operational samples, expedited unvalidated preliminary data will be requested from the laboratory, and no field QC samples will be collected.

6-1

6. MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION

The OU 1-07B Record of Decision Amendment selected MNA for the distal zone of the TCE plume. The objectives, strategy, and monitoring for the distal zone of the TCE plume are described in the following sections.

Originally, a two-phased implementation strategy was developed for MNA of the TCE plume to ensure that key performance parameters are monitored and evaluated. The operational phases described in the previous MNA Work Plan (DOE-ID 2009c) have been replaced by a description of the current monitoring plan/strategy with a long-term monitoring plan/strategy that will be determined in the future. The monitoring plan for long-term operations will be established in a subsequent revision of this document. In addition, after completion of ISB in the hot spot and NPTF operations in the medial zone, the MNA monitoring network may be expanded to include additional wells from these areas.

6.1 TCE Plume Monitoring Strategy and Objectives

The monitoring strategy for MNA is based on addressing the questions in Table 6-1. The overall TCE MNA monitoring objective is to demonstrate meaningful progress toward restoring the distal zone of the contaminated groundwater plume to achieve the RAOs. The monitoring objectives are to:

Demonstrate that, by 2095, the RAO of plume restoration below MCLs for VOCs in groundwater will be attained Monitor plume expansion, with acceptable plume expansion limited to 30%, as determined by 5-μg/L TCE isopleth.

The strategy to implement MNA at OU 1-07B is to divide the groundwater monitoring program into three distinct monitoring zones. The area of each monitoring zone is based on the expected time that will be required to identify concentration trends for wells within that zone and to confirm that TCE is being degraded as expected. Details on each zone include the following:

Zone 1 of the plume is where peak TCE breakthrough is thought to have already occurred based on previous modeling studies (see Figure 2-1). Peak TCE breakthrough is defined as that point at which the maximum TCE concentration has migrated past a given well location and concentrations are declining. In Zone 1, data to confirm modeling predictions are expected to be obtained within approximately 5 years.

Zone 2 is the downgradient portion of the plume where confirmation of model-predicted concentration trends might require more than 15 years.

Zone 3 is the area outside the downgradient extent of the plume where groundwater data will be collected to monitor plume expansion. The downgradient extent of the plume is defined by the 5-μg/L TCE isopleth.

6.2 Sampling Locations and Frequencies

Groundwater samples will be collected from a representative set of wells in each monitoring zone and analyzed for VOCs and/or tritium. Table 6-1 summarizes the monitoring location and analyte list for MNA monitoring by zone and objective. Note that vinyl chloride, although it is not a contaminant of concern, is included in the analyte list, as it may be useful in evaluating MNA’s performance and typically is reported with the other VOC analytes. Tritium data will be collected from wells in Zones 1 and 2 as shown in Table 6-1 and used to assess TCE degradation rates.

6-2

Tabl

e 6-

1. M

onito

red

natu

ral a

ttenu

atio

n ob

ject

ives

and

stra

tegy

.

Que

stio

n Zo

ne

Obj

ectiv

e W

ells

a A

naly

tesb

Dat

a Ev

alua

tion

1 D

eter

min

e TC

E pe

ak b

reak

thro

ugh

TA

N-1

6, T

AN

-51,

TA

N-5

4, a

nd

TAN

-55

TCE,

PC

E, c

is- a

nd

trans

-DC

E, v

inyl

ch

lorid

e, a

nd tr

itium

Plot

TC

E da

ta to

det

erm

ine

timin

g of

pea

k br

eakt

hrou

gh

1 Ev

alua

te T

CE

degr

adat

ion

rate

by

com

parin

g to

rate

fo

r trit

ium

TAN

-33,

TA

N-3

6,

TAN

-41,

TA

N-4

2,

TAN

-43,

and

TA

N-4

4

Triti

um

Con

stru

ct tr

itium

plu

me

map

/tren

ds to

com

pare

to T

CE

trend

s for

Zon

es 1

and

2

Are

nat

ural

atte

nuat

ion

rate

s suf

ficie

nt to

ens

ure

RA

Os w

ill b

e m

et fo

r V

OC

s by

2095

?

2 D

eter

min

e TC

E pe

ak b

reak

thro

ugh

TA

N-5

2, T

AN

-21,

an

d A

NP-

8 TC

E, P

CE,

cis

- and

tra

ns-D

CE,

vin

yl

chlo

ride,

and

triti

um

Plot

TC

E da

ta to

det

erm

ine

timin

g of

pea

k br

eakt

hrou

gh

Has

the

TCE

plum

e ex

pand

ed a

nd, i

f so,

w

ill it

exc

eed

30%

?

3 D

eter

min

e pl

ume

expa

nsio

n TA

N-5

6, G

IN-4

, TA

N-5

7, a

nd

TAN

-58

TCE,

PC

E, c

is- a

nd

trans

-DC

E, a

nd v

inyl

ch

lorid

e

Cal

cula

te p

lum

e ex

pans

ion

perc

enta

ge

a. S

ee A

ppen

dix

A fo

r sam

plin

g de

pths

. b.

TC

E, P

CE,

cis

- and

tran

s-D

CE,

and

vin

yl c

hlor

ide

are

incl

uded

in th

e st

anda

rd V

OC

targ

et li

st.

DC

E 1,

2-di

chlo

roet

hene

PC

E te

trach

loro

ethe

ne

TCE

trich

loro

ethe

ne

RA

Os

rem

edia

l act

ion

obje

ctiv

es

VO

C

vola

tile

orga

nic

com

poun

d

6-3

VOC contaminants in Zone 1 will be monitored for annually at Wells TAN-16, TAN-51, TAN-54, and TAN-55 to determine whether peak TCE concentration breakthrough has occurred at these wells, as predicted by numerical modeling (Whitmire 2003). The TCE monitoring data will be compared to the modeling output to assess these data against the model-predicted time for breakthrough to occur at the individual wells. Zone 2 will be monitored annually to identify whether Wells TAN-21, TAN-52, and ANP-8 exhibit peak TCE concentration breakthroughs, as predicted by numerical modeling.

Zone 3 (TAN-56, TAN-57, TAN-58, and GIN-04) will be monitored for VOCs to verify that the plume does not expand downgradient more than 30% of the plume axis length based on the 5- g/L isopleth that was estimated in the ESD (INEEL 1997). Groundwater samples will be collected from the Zone 3 wells annually. The Zone 3 monitoring plan may be revised, including the installation of a new downgradient monitoring well, should the TCE concentration in TAN-56 or TAN-57 exceed 10 g/L in two consecutive years.

Appendix A summarizes construction information for the OU 1-07B MNA monitoring wells. Appendix A includes well names, material type, depth, screened or open interval, top of casing elevation, and sampling depth.

6.3 Monitored Natural Attenuation Analytes and Reporting

Table 6-2 identifies the analytical method, method detection limit, and minimum detectable activity. Specific requirements for the laboratory analyses will be defined in the task order statement of work prepared for each analytical service contract. For monitoring purposes, EPA Method 8260B, “Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS),” will be used for VOC analysis. A method detection limit no higher than 2 μg/L will be required for MNA performance monitoring for all VOC contaminants of interest. To verify attaining RAOs, specific analytical methods and required method detection limits will be established in subsequent revisions of this plan. Tritium will be analyzed using liquid scintillation counting. Table 6-3 summarizes the MNA sampling by well and analyte.

Table 6-2. Analytical method summary for monitored natural attenuation.

Analyte Analytical

Method

Method Detection Limit/Minimum

Detectable Activity

TCE SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L PCE SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Cis-DCE SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Trans-DCE SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Vinyl chloride SW-846 8260B 2 μg/L Tritium Liquid scintillation counting 400 pCi/L

DCE 1,2-dichloroethene PCE tetrachloroethene TCE trichloroethene

6-4

Table 6-3. Monitored natural attenuation sampling summary. Well VOCs H-3

ANP-8 A A GIN-4 A — TAN-16 A A TAN-21 A A TAN-33 — A TAN-36 — A TAN-41 — A TAN-42 — A TAN-43 — A TAN-44 — A TAN-51 A A TAN-52 A A TAN-54 A A TAN-55 A A TAN-56 A — TAN-57 A — TAN-58 A — A annually VOC volatile organic compound — no sample

6.4 Data Validation

Off-Site laboratory-generated analytical data supporting the VOC and radionuclide MNA sampling will be validated to Level “B” per the latest data validation procedure.

7-1

7. RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING

Monitoring for radionuclides in the hot spot/medial zone is described in this section.

7.1 Radionuclide Monitoring Strategy and Objectives

The OU 1-07B Record of Decision Amendment assumed that Cs-137 and Sr-90 would meet MCLs by 2095 through sorption and decay and that concentrations would not increase to levels that would prevent meeting RAOs as a result of either ISB or pump and treat. The monitoring strategy for radionuclides in the hot spot is to collect the data necessary to evaluate concentration trends and determine whether radionuclide concentrations will meet the RAO, which is MCLs by 2095.

The radionuclide monitoring objectives are to:

Prior to the ISB rebound test, monitor concentrations of Cs-137 in the hot spot and Sr-90 in the hot spot and medial zone.

After ISB is complete, determine if Cs-137 trends in the hot spot and Sr-90 trends in the hot spot and medial zone are declining at a rate that will meet MCLs by 2095. Because of the interference between ISB and radionuclide concentrations, this objective will be assessed after ISB is complete.

The strategy for radionuclide monitoring is based on addressing the questions in Table 7-1. Because ISB may be increasing radionuclide mobility, radionuclides will also be monitored during the ISB rebound test to evaluate radionuclide concentration trends (see Section 4).

7.2 Radionuclide Sampling Locations, Frequency, and Analytes

Groundwater samples will be collected annually from a representative set of wells near TSF-05, including TAN-25, TAN-28, TAN-29, TAN-30A, TAN-37A, TAN-37B, TAN-1861, TSF-05A, and TSF-05B (Table 7-1 and Figure 7-1).

Table 7-2 identifies the analytical method, method detection limit, and minimum detectable activity for specified radionuclides. Specific requirements for the laboratory analyses are defined in the task order statement of work prepared for each analytical service contract.

Table 7-1. Radionuclide monitoring objectives and strategy.

Question Objective Wells Analytes Data Evaluation

TAN-25, TAN-37A, TAN-37B,a TAN-1861, TSF-05A, and TSF-05Ba

Cs-137 Prior to the rebound test, are Cs-137 and Sr-90 migrating as a result of ISB?

Prior to ISB rebound test, monitor radionuclides TAN-25, TAN-28,

TAN-29, TAN-30A, TAN-37A, TAN-37B,a TAN-1861, TSF-05A, and TSF-05Ba

Sr-90

Plot Cs-137 and Sr-90

Table 7-1. (continued).

7-2

Question Objective Wells Analytes Data Evaluation

TAN-25, TAN-37A, TAN-37B,a TAN-1861, TSF-05A, and TSF-05B,a

Cs-137 After ISB is completed, will Cs-137 and Sr-90 decline at a rate to meet MCLs by 2095?

After ISB is complete, determine if Cs-137 and Sr-90 will decline at a rate to be below MCLs by 2095

TAN-25, TAN-28, TAN-29, TAN-30A, TAN-37A, TAN-37B,a TAN-1861, TSF-05A, and TSF-05Ba

Sr-90

Plot trends for Cs-137 and Sr-90

a. Well is sampled at more than one depth. See Appendix A for details. ISB in situ bioremediation MCL maximum contaminant level

Figure 7-1. Location of radionuclide monitoring wells.

7-3

Table 7-2. Analytical method summary for radionuclide monitoring.

Analyte Analytical

Method Method Detection Limit/Minimum

Detectable Activity Maximum Contaminant Level

(pCi/L) Sr-90 Gas flow

proportionala,b 1 pCi/L 8

Cs-137 Gamma spectrometrya,b

30 pCi/L 200

a. Specific analytical requirements and performance-based standards for radiological analyses will be established in the laboratory task order statement of work.

b. Methods for the radiological analyses may be reevaluated as the remedial action progresses.

The laboratory reporting requirements will be specified in the laboratory task order statement of work. For radionuclide monitoring, analytical laboratories will be required to report actual values for detections below the practical quantitation limit with the appropriate data qualifiers.

Table 7-3 summarizes the radionuclide monitoring by well and analyte prior to the ISB rebound test and after ISB is complete.

Table 7-3. Radionuclide sampling summary.

Prior To ISB Rebound Test After ISB Is Complete

Well Cs-137 Sr-90 Cs-137 Sr-90 TAN-25 A A A A TAN-28 — A — A TAN-29 — A — A TAN-30A — A — A TAN-37A A A A A TAN-37B A A A A TAN-1861 A A A A TSF-05A A A A A TSF-05B A A A A A annually ISB in situ bioremediation — no sample

7.3 Radionuclide Data Validation

All off-Site, laboratory-generated analytical data supporting radionuclide monitoring will be validated to Level “B” per the latest data validation procedure.

8-1

8. WATER-LEVEL MONITORING

Groundwater levels will be measured annually for the TCE plume area to maintain the regional gradient maps and track changes in water levels over time. At the discretion of the OU 1-07B technical lead, water levels in the ISB area wells may be measured more frequently to help evaluate ISB.

Water levels from the regional wells (as listed in Table 8-1 and shown on Figure 8-1) will be measured and will be uploaded into EDW and presented in the annual report. The wells will be used to construct the TAN water-level contour map. Wells other than those listed in Table 8-1 may be measured at the request of the technical lead.

Table 8-1. Well locations for collection of Test Area North area water levels.

Wella Measuring Point Elevation

(ft) Required Wells

ANP-7 4,936.68 ANP-9 4,788.24 ANP-10 4,787.64 GIN-1 4,788.11 GIN-3 4,788.43 MW-2 4,789.43 OWSLEY-2 4,785.95 P&W-1 4,897.22 P&W-2 4,892.91 PSTF 4,788.23 TANT-MON-A-001 4,782.08 TAN-08 4,791.58 TAN-10A 4,782.63 TAN-13A 4,782.41 TAN-15 4,788.88 TAN-17 4,792.65 TAN-20 4,782.88 TAN-24A 4,790.93 TAN-27 4,782.41 TAN-28 4,784.02 TAN-29 4,784.07 TAN-57 4,790.30 TAN-58 4,791.70 TAN-1860 4,784.99 TAN-1861 4,785.53 USGS-07 4,790.81 USGS-18 4,804.82 USGS-26 4,790.65 a. This list may be modified per direction from the Operable Unit 1-07B technical lead and/or as

conditions change.

8-2

Figure 8-1. Well locations for water-level measurements.

9-1

9. SAMPLING SUMMARY

Table 9-1 summarizes monitoring planned prior to the ISB rebound test for the three remedy components and radionuclide monitoring. Table 9-2 provides the breakdown of this summary by well. Sampling during the ISB rebound test is summarized by well in Table 9-3. Because some wells may be sampled at several frequencies for the same analyte to satisfy different sampling objectives, the most frequent routine sampling is shown on Tables 9-2 and 9-3. At the conclusion of the ISB rebound test, the monitoring may change based on the results of the rebound test and by Agency agreement.

Table 9-1. Remedy component and radionuclide monitoring.

Sample Program

Monitoring Type

Sample Parameter

Decision/EvaluationObjective Goal

ISB ISB VOCs, tritium ethene, ethane, methane, redox parameters, bioactivity

Source degradation, reduce VOC flux from hot spot

Optimize ISB operation to achieve efficient ARD and reduce residual source in aquifer

Pump and treat

ASTU/NPTF compliance

Facility effluent VOCs (and Sr-90 NPTF only)

Facility operations Stay within effluent specifications

Pump and treat

NPTF operations

VOCs (transverse well[s])

NPTF operation Determine NPTF operational requirements

MNA MNA Zones 1 and 2

VOCs, tritium TCE breakthrough curves

Determine if TCE trends show progress toward achieving RAO

MNA MNA expansion Zone 3

VOCs Plume expansion Monitor plume expansion (<30%)

Radionuclides Radionuclides Sr-90 and Cs-137 Radionuclide monitoring

Observe radionuclide concentrations during ISB

ARD anaerobic reductive dechlorination ASTU Air Stripper Treatment Unit ISB in situ bioremediation

MNA monitored natural attenuation NPTF New Pump and Treat Facility RAO remedial action objective

TCE trichloroethene VOC volatile organic compound

9-2

Tabl

e 9-

2. G

roun

dwat

er m

onito

ring

prio

r to

in si

tu b

iore

med

iatio

n re

boun

d te

st b

y zo

ne a

nd w

ell.

Wel

l C

s-13

7 Sr

-90

Triti

umV

OC

saC

OD

V

FAs

Sulfa

te

Iron

M

etha

ne,

Ethe

ne

Alk

alin

ityA

nion

s/

Off

-Site

H

ot S

pot/M

edia

l Zon

e (s

ampl

ed fo

r ISB

and

radi

onuc

lide

mon

itorin

g)

TAN

-D2

—

—

A

M

M

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-9

—

—

A

S S

—

S S

S S

A

TAN

-10A

—

—

A

S

—

—

—

—

—

S A

TA

N-2

5 A

A

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-2

6 —

—

A

S

S —

S

S S

S A

TA

N-2

7 —

—

A

S

—

—

—

—

—

S A

TA

N-2

8 —

A

Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-2

9 —

A

A

M

—

—

—

—

M

Q

A

TA

N-3

0A

—

A

Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-31

—

—

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-37A

A

A

A

M

M

—

Q

Q

M

Q

A

TA

N-3

7B

A

A

A

M

M

—

Q

Q

M

Q

A

TAN

-37C

—

—

A

S

S —

S

S S

S A

TA

N-1

859A

b —

—

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-1

859B

—

—

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

Q

A

TA

N-1

860

—

—

Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TAN

-186

1 A

A

Q

M

—

—

M

M

M

Q

A

TS

F-05

A

A

A

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

A

TSF-

05B

A

A

Q

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

A

M

edia

l Zon

e (s

ampl

ed fo

r pum

p an

d tre

at a

nd m

onito

red

natu

ral a

ttenu

atio

n)

AST

U S

P-1

—

—

—

Q

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

AST

U S

P-1

or S

P-2

—

Q

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

AST

U S

P-2

—

—

—

Q

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

NPT

F SP

-1

—

—

—

Qc

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

NPT

F SP

-2

—

Qc

—

Qc

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TAN

-33

—

—

A

Ad

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Tabl

e 9-

2. (c

ontin

ued)

.

9-3

Wel

l C

s-13

7 Sr

-90

Triti

umV

OC

saC

OD

V

FAs

Sulfa

te

Iron

M

etha

ne,

Ethe

ne

Alk

alin

ityA

nion

s/

Off

-Site

TA

N-3

6 —

—

A

A

d —

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-4

1 —

Q

e A

A

d —

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-4

2 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-4

3 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-4

4 —

—

A

Q

d —

—

—

—

—

—

—

D

ista

l Zon

e (s

ampl

ed fo

r mon

itore

d na

tura

l atte

nuat

ion)

A

NP-

8 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

G

IN-0

4 —

—

—

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-1

6 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-2

1 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-5

1 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-5

2 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-5

4 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-5

5 —

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-5

6 —

—

—

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TAN

-57

—

—

—

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

TAN

-58

—

—

—

A

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

a.

VO

Cs i

nclu

de P

CE,

TC

E, c

is-D

CE,

tran

s-D

CE,

and

vin

yl c

hlor

ide.

b.

W

ell T

AN

-185

9A m

ay b

e sa

mpl

ed if

eno

ugh

wat

er is

pre

sent

. c.

O

nly

whe

n N

PTF

is o

pera

ting.

d.

Se

e Se

ctio

n 5.

1.1

and

Tabl

e 5-

3 fo

r mor

e fr

eque

nt sa

mpl

ing.

e.

TA

N-4

1 w

ill b

e sa

mpl

ed fo

r Sr-

90 q

uarte

rly fo

r 2 y

ears

afte

r AST

U st

ops o

pera

ting.

A

an

nual

ly

AST

U

Air

Strip

per T

reat

men

t Uni

t C

OD

ch

emic

al o

xyge

n de

man

d D

CE

1,2-

dich

loro

ethe

ne

ISB

in

situ

bio

rem

edia

tion

M

mon

thly

N

PTF

New

Pum

p an

d Tr

eat F

acili

ty

PCE

tetra

chlo

roet

hene

Q

qu

arte

rly

S se

mia

nnua

lly

TCE

trich

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tty a

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9-4

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3. M

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g in

situ

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tion

rebo

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test

by

zone

and

wel

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—

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—

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S

—

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TAN

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—

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—

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M

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TAN

-26

—

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A

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N-2

7 —

—

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—

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—

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TAN

-28

—

Q

—

Q

M

—

M

—

M

Q

TAN

-29

—

Q

—

A

Q

—

Q

—

Q

Q

TAN

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—

Q

—

Q

M

M

M

M

M

Q

TA

N-3

1 —

—

—

Q

M

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M

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M

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Q

TAN

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Q

Q

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M

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M

M-q

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M

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Q

TAN

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Q

Q

—

Q

M

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M

M-q

M

M

-q

Q

TAN

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—

—

—

A

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

Q

TA

N-1

859A

d —

—

—

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M

-q

M

M-q

M

M

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TAN

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9B

—

—

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M

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860

—

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1 Q

Q

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A

M

—

M

M

M

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A

Q

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Q

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M

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M

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V

apor

Wel

l TA

N-3

1-19

5 —

—

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ampl

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natu

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—

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—

—

—

A

A

—

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e 9-

3. (c

ontin

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.

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Wel

l C

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l Ua

Triti

um

VO

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Chl

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c M

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ne,

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ne

Alk

alin

ity

TAN

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—

—

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A

—

—

—

—

—

TAN

-43

—

—

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

TAN

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—

—

—

A

Q

—

—

—

—

—

NPT

F SP

-2

—

Q

—

—

Q

—

—

—

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—

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F SP

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—

—

—

—

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—

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tal Z

one

(sam

pled

for T

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mon

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d na

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TA

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6 —

—

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-5

1 —

—

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

—

TA

N-5

4 —

—

—

A

A

—

—

—

—

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5 —

—

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A

A

—

—

—

—

—

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2 —

—

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A

—

—

—

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1 —

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A

—

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8 —

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IN-0

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A

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6 —

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—

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7 —

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10-1

10. SAMPLING PROCEDURES

Samples will be collected to implement the monitoring presented in Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 under the direction of the field team leader. The field team leader and sampling technicians will collect samples. PLN-2128, Health and Safety Plan, defines the general roles of each, while the procedures referenced below describe the specific responsibilities for each position. To minimize SAP discrepancies, SAP tables will be prepared immediately before each sampling event.

10.1 Groundwater Sampling

Open borehole or screened wells with dedicated sampling equipment will be sampled using the equipment and techniques specified in TPR-165, “Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedure.” The procedure addresses training, equipment, instrument standardizations, purging, sampling, purge water management, decontamination and cleaning of equipment, and recordkeeping. This procedure will be updated, as required, for the duration of monitoring. All sampling activities will be documented in accordance with MCP-1194, “Logbook Practices for ICP CERCLA and Removal Action Projects.”

If dedicated sampling equipment is unavailable to support a scheduled sampling round, portable, submersible pumps will be used to collect samples. Before sampling, all non-dedicated, reusable sampling equipment that contacts the sample water will be cleaned in accordance with TPR-165, “Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedure.” A variable-speed submersible pump will be installed with the inlet at the correct sample depth (see Appendix A). Well purging and sample collection will be performed as described in TPR-165, “Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedure.” Due to declining water levels, sampling of monitoring wells that have short screened intervals right at the water table may not be possible.

Five MNA wells (TAN-51, TAN-52, TAN-54, TAN-55, and TAN-56) have been fitted with Flexible Liner Underground Technology (FLUTe™) systems. If these FLUTe™ systems are removed, then dedicated or portable submersible pumps will be used to collect samples. Sampling of wells constructed with FLUTe™ systems will be conducted in accordance with the requirements of TPR-6371, “Flexible Underground Technology (FLUTe™) Water Sampling.” This procedure addresses training, equipment, purging, sampling, purge-water management, decontamination and cleaning of equipment, and recordkeeping in support of this monitoring plan. Construction information and sampling depths are identified in Appendix A.

10.2 Vapor Sample Collection Method

Vapor will be collected in Tedlar bags with a portable, battery-powered vacuum pump or collected in a SUMMA canister at vacuum, as required by TPR-1752. The container will be prepared with a waterproof, adhesive label and will identify the sampling port from which the sample was collected. Coolers will be used to store and transport the soil-gas vapor sample collection containers.

Before collecting a sample, the sampler will ensure that all sampling port valves are closed and that the apparatus is purged with in situ soil-gas only. After purging, samples will be collected, packaged, and shipped to the laboratory for analysis. The vapor samples will be collected from the deepest vapor port in TAN-31. After sample collection, the sampler will ensure that the monitoring ports are closed and sealed to prevent barometric pumping (sucking and blowing) of these sampling points between sampling events due to pressure changes from daily fluctuations and weather fronts. A field duplicate will be collected during each annual sampling event.

10-2

10.3 Field Measurements

Multi-parameter water quality instruments may be used for collecting purge parameter data during sampling and for in situ deployment in wells specified by the technical lead for the duration of the remedy implementation. Multi-parameter water quality instruments will be deployed, operated, and maintained as specified in TPR-165, “Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedure.”

10.4 Groundwater Elevations

Groundwater elevations will be measured using an electronic measuring tape (Solinst brand or equivalent) as described in TPR-165, “Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedure.” Measurement of all water levels will be recorded to the nearest 0.01 ft.

11-1

11. SAMPLE MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS

The OU 1-07B groundwater monitoring program includes three analytical components: (1) onsite laboratory analyses and field measurements, (2) analyses performed at the IRC, and (3) analyses performed at off-Site laboratories. This section describes the protocols to be followed during all sample management (i.e., those activities immediately following sample collection) and analysis activities.

11.1 Sample Management

11.1.1 Sample Designation and Sampling and Analysis Plan Tables

Sample identification numbers will be assigned by the Sample and Analysis Management Program at the time SAP tables are prepared. The SAP tables will be used to record all pertinent information (including sample identification number, location, depth, media, date, analysis types, collection types, and comments) associated with each sample. To minimize SAP discrepancies, SAP tables will be prepared immediately prior to each sampling event. The field team leader is responsible for SAP table accuracy.

11.1.2 Container Requirements, Sample Preservation, and Preparation

Bottle requirements and preservatives will be on the field guidance form generated prior to each sampling event. For each analyte listed on the field guidance form, the container size and type, preservative, analytical method, and holding time are provided. Samples requiring 4 C preservation will be chilled in coolers immediately upon collection and will be maintained at 4 C ±4° prior to shipment to ensure adequate preservation.

Sample bottles will be preserved prior to sample collection for those samples requiring zero headspace (i.e., ethene, methane, and VOCs). For samples requiring preservation at a pH <2 that do not require zero headspace, appropriate acid will be added and the pH will be checked after sample collection to obtain a pH between 1.6 and 2. Samples analyzed off-Site will be handled and preserved in accordance with the governing laboratory statement of work.

All field analyses will be performed in accordance with the stated holding time in the field guidance forms.

11.1.3 Chain of Custody

To maintain and document possession of samples shipped to a laboratory for analysis, chain-of-custody procedures will be followed in accordance with MCP-1192, “Chain-of-Custody and Sample Labeling for ICP CERCLA and Removal Action Sampling Activities”; MCP-1193, “Handling and Shipping Samples for ICP CERCLA and Removal Action Sampling Activities”; and QualityAssurance Project Plan for Waste Area Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, and Removal Actions (DOE-ID 2009e). The purpose of chain of custody is to document the identity of the sample and its handling from the point of collection until laboratory analysis is complete. When a sample changes custody, those personnel relinquishing and receiving the sample shall sign the chain-of-custody record. Each change of possession will be documented. The sample identification number, date, and time will be entered on the chain-of-custody form the day of sample collection. Sample bottles will be stored in a secured area. The field team leader is responsible for ensuring that chain-of-custody procedures are followed in accordance with MCP-1192.

11-2

11.1.4 Transportation of Samples

Samples will be transported in accordance with regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation (49 CFR 171 through 178) and EPA sample handling, packaging, and shipping methods (40 CFR 261.4(d) and (e)). All samples will be packaged in accordance with the requirements set forth in MCP-1193, “Handling and Shipping Samples for ICP CERCLA and Removal Action Sampling Activities”; and the governing task order statement of work and field guidance form.

11.1.5 Radiological Screening

Samples collected from posted radiological wells must be surveyed per the ISB radiological work permit. Analysis of a gamma screen sample is required from these wells once per year to compare to historical data.

11.2 Sample Analysis

Samples will be analyzed by using the onsite field laboratory, the IRC laboratory, or a Sample and Analysis Management-appointed off-Site laboratory, depending upon holding time restrictions, analytical capabilities, and quality level requirements. The onsite field laboratory, in addition to providing analytical resources, is used for sample preparation for analysis at both the IRC and off-Site laboratories. A summary of the laboratory activities is provided below.

11.2.1 Onsite Field Laboratory Activities

The OU 1-07B field laboratory supports project team activities for all components of the monitoring program. The field laboratory is the center for all onsite collection activities, as well as the analysis of field tests. These activities provide near-real-time data to evaluate the performance of the remedy. In addition, the field laboratory is used to coordinate sample delivery to the IRC and to ship samples to off-Site laboratories. Specific activities the field laboratory supports include colorimetry and spectrophotometry; digital titration; pH measurement; sample preservation; sample storage, packing, and shipping; and sample bottle preparation.

The field laboratory lead and field lab technicians will conduct field laboratory operations. Field laboratory operations and associated equipment are described in TPR-166, “In Situ Bioremediation Field Laboratory Procedure.” Responsibilities for project personnel are given below:

The field laboratory lead will ensure that results of the field laboratory analyses are entered into EDW.

The field laboratory lead will work with the EDW data management lead to ensure the data are complete, correct, and uploaded into EDW.

If any problems occur, the EDW data management lead will notify the project manager and the field laboratory lead to make appropriate changes.

11.2.2 IRC Laboratory Activities

Analysts at the IRC laboratory analyze samples for chlorinated ethenes (TCE, PCE, cis- and trans-DCE, vinyl chloride), volatile fatty acids, ethene, methane, and, occasionally, other analyses per project direction. Details regarding analyses conducted at the IRC laboratory are provided in the most recent version of SOW-4186, “Statement of Work for Test Area North Operable Unit 1-07B, Samples to be Analyzed at the INL Research Center.”

11-3

11.2.3 Off-Site Laboratory Activities

Off-Site laboratories may analyze samples for chlorinated ethenes (TCE, PCE, cis- and trans-DCE, vinyl chloride), chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, iron, anions, radiological analytes, and other analytes, if needed. Specific requirements will be defined in the task order statement of work and the field guidance form for each analytical services subcontract.

12-1

12. QUALITY ASSURANCE

This section presents or references requirements for quality assurance (QA), including field and laboratory QA types and frequencies, precision and accuracy, corrective actions, and reporting. This section includes analyses performed in support of the OU 1-07B remedial action at the onsite field laboratory, the IRC laboratory, and off-Site laboratories. QA will be implemented as specified in this Monitoring Plan, the QAPjP (DOE-ID 2009e), and TPR-166, “In Situ Bioremediation Field Laboratory Procedure.”

For purposes of this Monitoring Plan, laboratory QA measures are those checks that an analyst routinely performs to determine precision and accuracy of the analytical methods and equipment (method error). These checks typically include blanks, standards, duplicates, standard reference materials, and standard additions (matrix spikes). Field QA measures are sample types collected or prepared in the field during sampling and submitted to the laboratory to assess overall data quality of the sampling and analysis program (total measurement error). Field QA sample types include field blanks, trip blanks, and field duplicates.

Performance evaluation samples may be added at the discretion of the technical lead. If implemented, performance evaluation sampling will be administered by the Sample and Analysis Management Program, with direction from the technical lead regarding sample type, concentration ranges, frequency, and analytes for each performance period.

Data validation levels, as defined in the QAPjP (DOE-ID 2009e), are identified for analyses in Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Data from the field laboratory and the IRC are not validated.

Data quality levels are fully defined and their application is discussed in the QAPjP (DOE-ID 2009e). Definitive data have been required to date for assessing completion of remedial actions at the INL Site. In general, definitive-level data are generated using rigorous analytical methods, such as approved EPA or American Society of Testing and Materials methods. Either analytical or total measurement error must be determined. Definitive data QA/QC elements include the following (DOE-ID 2009e):

Sample documentation (e.g., location, date, and time).

Chain of custody.

Sampling design approach.

Initial and continuing calibration.

Determination and documentation of detection limits.

Analyte or property identification.

QC blanks (field and method).

Matrix spike recoveries.

Analytical error determination. One sample will be analyzed in replicate and the mean and standard deviation will be determined and reported.

Total measurement error determination. Duplicate samples will be collected at a frequency of 1 per 20 samples, and the mean and standard deviation will be determined and reported.

12-2

12.1 Field Laboratory

12.1.1 Laboratory and Field Quality Assurance

Laboratory and field QA for the onsite field laboratory includes analysis of field duplicates, field blanks, standards, and standard additions (matrix spikes). Table 12-1 gives frequencies for field laboratory QA measures. Procedures for preparing standards and standard additions, as well as precision and accuracy requirements and corrective actions, are described in the latest laboratory procedure.

Table 12-1. Field laboratory quality assurance frequency for groundwater monitoring. Sample Type Frequency Comments

Field duplicate 1 per 20 samples All samples analyzed at the field lab Field blank 1 per day All samples analyzed at the field lab Standard additions 1 per 20 samples Sulfate and alkalinity only Standards 1 per day of analysis

(COD = 1/batch) Iron, sulfate, and COD only

COD chemical oxygen demand

12.1.2 Reporting

Control charts will be prepared and maintained for each QA parameter and analyte. The QA results will be compiled and summarized for the annual report.

12.2 IRC Laboratory


Laboratory and field QA for the IRC laboratory includes analysis of field duplicates, standards, matrix spikes (standard additions), initial calibrations, and continuing calibrations. Table 12-2 presents the frequencies for all IRC field and laboratory QA measures. Precision and accuracy requirements for IRC QA measures, as well as corrective actions, are presented in SOW-4186.

12.2.2 Reporting

The IRC QA results will be summarized and reported in the OU 1-07B annual report.

12.3 Off-Site Laboratories


Laboratory QA for the off-Site laboratories includes blanks, duplicates, standards, and standard additions (matrix spikes). Off-Site laboratory QA requirements established in the QAPjP (DOE-ID 2009e) are based on definitive data requirements (Table 12-3). For screening data, field QA for the off-Site laboratories includes field duplicates. Table 12-4 specifies the frequencies for field QA analyses.

12-3

Table 12-2. INL Research Center laboratory quality assurance frequency for groundwater monitoring.

Sample Type Frequency Comments

Field duplicate 1 per 20 samples All samples analyzed at the IRC

Matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate 1 per 20 samples VOCs, ethene, and methane only

Initial calibration check 1 per each lot analyzed; 1 per day minimum

All samples analyzed at the IRC

Continuing calibration check 1 per 10 samples All samples analyzed at the IRC

Performance evaluation samples In accordance with direction from the Operable Unit 1-07B technical lead

VOCs only

INL Idaho National Laboratory IRC INL Research Center VOC volatile organic compound

Table 12-3. Off-Site laboratory quality assurance requirements for definitive data.a

Quality Assurance Parameter Acceptable Rangeb Parameter Calculated

Precision Duplicates TCE: ±14% Relative percent difference

Accuracy Standards TCE: 71–120% % recovery Matrix spikes TCE: 71–120% % recovery

Completeness Monitoring 90%c % complete Compliance monitoring 100% % complete

a. As defined by the QAPjP (DOE-ID 2009e). b. Other analytes for which definitive data will be collected have no quality control requirements specified in the QAPjP

(DOE-ID 2009e). c. Does not include wells that cannot be sampled due to declining water levels.

QAPjP Quality Assurance Project Plan TCE trichloroethene

Table 12-4. Field quality assurance frequencies for definitive data.

Sample Type Frequency Comments

Field duplicate 1 per 20 samples All off-Site samples

Field blanka 1 per 20 samples Off-Site samples

Trip blanka 1 per sample cooler Off-Site VOCs only

a. Not required for samples sent off-Site for screening-level data.

VOC volatile organic compound

12-4

12.3.2 Corrective Actions

The Sample and Analysis Management Program establishes corrective action requirements for the performing laboratory.

12.3.3 Laboratory Reporting Requirements

Laboratory reporting requirements for off-Site laboratory QA are established in the task order statement of work for the performing laboratory. Off-Site laboratory QA results will be compiled and summarized in the annual report.

13-1

13. WASTE MANAGEMENT

The sampling activities described above will generate potentially contaminated wipes, sample bottles, personal protective equipment, sample rinsates, and purge water. All waste generated as a result of groundwater monitoring activities will be managed in accordance with the requirements of the Waste Management Plan for Test Area North Final Groundwater Remediation Operable Unit 1-07B (ICP 2010).

14-1

14. HEALTH AND SAFETY

Specific health and safety requirements are covered in PLN-2128, “Environmental Restoration Project Health and Safety Plan.” The Health and Safety Plan governs all work performed by employees of the Idaho Cleanup Project contractor, subcontractors, subtier subcontractors, other companies, or U.S. Department of Energy laboratories.

15-1

15. REPORTING

Validated sampling results will be submitted to the Agencies no later than 120 days after completion of a sampling event. Non-validated data that support decision-making will be shared with the Agencies in informal reports, such as bimonthly reports, and presented in the annual report.

15.1 Annual Monitoring Report

All groundwater monitoring information will be compiled in an annual report and will be provided to the Agencies (i.e., DOE-ID, EPA, and the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality). This report will document the status of active remediation and MNA components. Information reported will include analytical results, water-level measurements, trend charts, QA results, interpretations, and operational changes. The annual report will support Agency 5-year reviews.

15.2 Five-Year Review Reports

Five-year review reports will be prepared and submitted to the Agencies on the schedule for the INL Site-wide 5-year review. The 5-year review reports will provide information on the effectiveness of the overall plume remediation in obtaining RAOs and may include comparisons of contaminant plume concentrations and extent over time along with supporting groundwater quality data.

16-1

16. REFERENCES

40 CFR 261.4(d), 2011, “Samples,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, December 2011.

40 CFR 261.4(e), 2011, “Treatability Study Samples,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, December 2011.

49 CFR 171, 2011, “General Information, Regulations, and Definitions,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, September 2011.

49 CFR 172, 2012, “Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions, Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response Information, Training Requirements, and Security Plans,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, January 2012.

49 CFR 173, 2012, “Shippers—General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, January 2012.

49 CFR 174, 2011, “Carriage by Rail,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, December 2011.

49 CFR 175, 2012, “Carriage by Aircraft,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, January 2012.

49 CFR 176, 2012, “Carriage by Vessel,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, January 2012.

49 CFR 177, 2012, “Carriage by Public Highway,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, January 2012.

49 CFR 178, 2011, “Specifications for Packagings,” Code of Federal Regulations, Office of the Federal Register, August 2011.

Bukowski, J. M. and K. S. Sorenson, 1998, Site Conceptual Model: 1996 Activities, Data Analysis, and Interpretation Test Area North Operable Unit 1-07B, INEL/EXT-97-00556, Rev. 0, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, February 1998.

Bukowski, J. M., H. Bullock, and E. R. Neher, 1998, Site Conceptual Model: 1997 Activities, Data Analysis, and Interpretation for Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B, INEEL/EXT-98-00575, Rev. 0, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, August 1998.

DOE-ID, 1995, Record of Decision Declaration for the Technical Support Facility Injection Well (TSF-05) and Surrounding Groundwater Contamination (TSF-23) and Miscellaneous No Action Sites Final Remedial Action, Operable Unit 1-07B, Waste Area Group 1, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Document ID 10139, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10; Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Division of Environmental Quality, August 1995.

16-2

DOE-ID, 2001, Record of Decision Amendment Technical Support Facility Injection Well (TSF-05) and Surrounding Groundwater Contamination (TSF-23) and Miscellaneous No Action Sites, Final Remedial Action, DOE/ID-10139 Amendment, Rev. 0, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, September 2001.

DOE-ID, 2009a, In Situ Bioremediation Remedial Action Work Plan for Test Area North Final Groundwater Remediation, Operable Unit 1-07B, DOE/ID-11015, Rev. 3, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, July 2009.

DOE-ID, 2009b, New Pump and Treat Facility Remedial Action Work Plan for Test Area North Final Groundwater Remediation, Operable Unit 1-07B, DOE/ID-10679, Rev. 3, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, July 2009.

DOE-ID, 2009c, Monitored Natural Attenuation Remedial Action Work Plan for Test Area North Final Groundwater Remediation, Operable Unit 1-07B, DOE/ID-11055, Rev. 1, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, July 2009.

DOE-ID, 2009d, In Situ Bioremediation Operations and Maintenance Plan for Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B, DOE/ID-11012, Rev. 4, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, August 2009.

DOE-ID, 2009e, Quality Assurance Project Plan for Waste Area Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, and Removal Actions, DOE/ID-10587, Rev. 10, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, August 2009.

DOE-ID, 2011a, ISB Rebound Test Plan for TAN Groundwater Remediation, DOE/ID-11444, Rev. 0, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, August 2011.

DOE-ID, 2011b, New Pump and Treat Facility Operations and Maintenance Plan for Test Area North Final Groundwater Remediation, Operable Unit 1-07B, DOE/ID-10684, Rev. 6, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, August 2011.

DOE-ID, 2011c, Five–Year Review of CERCLA Response Actions at the Idaho National Laboratory Site-Fiscal Years 2005-2009, DOE/ID-11429, Rev. 0, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, January 2011.

DOE-ID, 2012, Air Stripper Treatment Unit Operations and Maintenance Plan for Test Area North Operable Unit 1-07B, DOE/ID-11414, Rev. 2, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, March 2012.

EPA, 1996, “Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS),” Method 8260B, Rev. 2, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1996.

EPA, 2006, “Guidance on Systematic Planning Using the Data Quality Objectives Process,” EPA/240/B-06/001, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, February 2006.

EPA, 2010, Preliminary Remediation Goals for Residential Tapwater, http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration_table/Generic_Tables/index.htm, Web page last updated December 29, 2010, Web page last visited March 23, 2011.

16-3

Fulton, John C., CH2M-WG Idaho, LLC, letter, to Brian R. Monson, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, March 3, 2010, “Request for a ‘No Longer Contained-In’ Determination for Operable Unit 1-07B Remediated Water from the Air Stripper Treatment Unit,” CCN 309931.

ICP, 2010, Waste Management Plan for Test Area North Final Groundwater Remediation Operable Unit 1-07B, INEEL/EXT-98-00267, Rev. 7, Idaho Cleanup Project, December 2010.

ICP, 2011, Environmental Data Warehouse, http://icpweb/edw2/, Idaho Cleanup Project, Web page visited April 6, 2011. (Note: This is an Idaho Cleanup Project intranet Web page and not publicly accessible.)

INEEL, 1997, Explanation of Significant Differences from the Record of Decision for the Technical Support Facility Injection Well (TSF-05) and Surrounding Groundwater Contamination (TSF-23) and Miscellaneous No Action Sites, Final Remedial Action, Operable Unit 1-07B, Waste Area Group 1, INEEL/EXT-97-00931, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10; and Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Division of Environmental Quality, November 1997.

Kaminski, J. F., K. N. Keck, A. L. Schafer-Perini, C. F. Hersley, R. P. Smith, G. J. Stormberg, and A. H. Wylie, 1994, Remedial Investigation Final Report with Addenda for the Test Area North Groundwater Operable Unit 1-07B at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, EGG-ER-10643, Volumes 1 and 2, Rev. 0, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, January 1994.

MCP-1192, 2008, “Chain-of-Custody and Sample Labeling for ICP CERCLA and Removal Action Sampling Activities,” Rev. 4, Idaho Cleanup Project, June 2008.

MCP-1193, 2008, “Handling and Shipping Samples for ICP CERCLA and Removal Action Sampling Activities,” Rev. 4, Idaho Cleanup Project, June 2008.

MCP-1194, 2006, “Logbook Practices for ICP CERCLA and Removal Action Projects,” Rev. 3, Idaho Cleanup Project, September 2006.

Monson, Brian, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, letter, to Nicole Hernandez, U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office, March 26, 2010, “Request for a ‘No Longer Contained-In’ Determination for Operable Unit 1-07B Remediated Water from the Air Stripper Treatment Unit (ASTU),” EDMS ID: IR-25289.

PLN-1750, 2009, “Data Management Plan Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B,” Rev. 1, Idaho Cleanup Project, October 2009.

PLN-2128, 2009, “Environmental Restoration Project Health and Safety Plan,” Rev. 6, Idaho Cleanup Project, May 2009.

SOW-4186, 2010, “Statement of Work for Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B, Samples to be Analyzed at the INL Research Center,” Rev. 2, Idaho Cleanup Project, December 2010.

TPR-165, 2009, “Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedure,” Rev. 15, Idaho Cleanup Project, September 2009.

TPR-166, 2010, “In Situ Bioremediation Field Laboratory Procedure,” Rev. 13, Idaho Cleanup Project, May 2010.

16-4

TPR-1752, 2011, “Soil Gas Sampling of Vapor Ports,” Rev. 10, Idaho Cleanup Project, March 2011.

TPR-6371, 2009, “Flexible Underground Technology (FLUTe™) Water Sampling,” Rev. 8, Idaho Cleanup Project, October 2009.

Whitmire, Douglas L., 2003, 2003 Update to the Test Area North Large-Scale Groundwater Flow and Transport Model for the Assessment of Monitored Natural Attenuation, INEEL/INT-03-00709, Rev. 0, Idaho Completion Project, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, November 2003.

Wymore, R. A., J. M. Bukowski, and K. S. Sorenson, Jr., 2000, Site Conceptual Model: 1998 and 1999 Activities, Data Analysis, and Interpretation for Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-07B, INEEL/EXT-2000-00188, Rev. 0, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, December 2000.

A-1

Appendix A

Operable Unit 1-07BMonitoring Well Information

A-3

App

endi

x A

Ope

rabl

e U

nit 1

-07B

Mon

itorin

g W

ell I

nfor

mat

ion

Tabl

e A

-1. C

onst

ruct

ion

deta

ils fo

r hot

spot

/in si

tu b

iore

med

iatio

n (I

SB) g

roun

dwat

er m

onito

ring

wel

ls.

Sam

ple

Loca

tion

Wel

l Nam

e W

ell I

D

Elev

atio

n at

Top

of

Cas

ing

(ft a

bove

msl

)

Wel

l Tot

al

Dep

th

(ft b

ls)

Scre

ened

In

terv

al(s

) (f

t bls

) Sc

reen

Ty

pe

Pum

p

Type

Sam

plin

gD

epth

(f

t bls

)

Pum

p D

isch

arge

Li

ne o

r Pip

e D

iam

eter

(in

.)

Dis

char

ge

Line

or P

ipe

Mat

eria

l

TSF-

05A

A

NP-

03

71

4,78

3.36

31

0.00

18

0–24

4 Pe

rfor

ated

R

F2

235

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TSF-

05B

A

NP-

03

71

4,78

3.36

31

0.00

26

9–30

5 Pe

rfor

ated

R

F2

268

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TAN

-10A

TA

N-1

0A

348

4,78

0.70

25

0.00

21

6–25

0 St

ainl

ess s

teel

R

F4, 5

E8

233

1 St

ainl

ess s

teel

TAN

-25

TAN

-MO

N-A

-024

11

17

4,78

3.25

31

5.00

21

7–29

7 St

ainl

ess s

teel

R

F2

230

0.5

Poly

ethy

lene

TAN

-26

TAN

-MO

N-A

-025

11

18

4,78

1.93

41

2.00

36

9–40

9 St

ainl

ess s

teel

R

F4

389

1 St

ainl

ess s

teel

TAN

-27

TAN

-MO

N-A

-027

10

09

4,78

2.16

25

3.70

—

—

R

F4, 5

E8

235

1 St

ainl

ess s

teel

TAN

-28

TAN

-MO

N-A

-028

10

08

4,78

1.07

26

2.00

22

0–26

0 St

ainl

ess s

teel

R

F2

240

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TAN

-29

TAN

-MO

N-A

-029

10

10

4,78

4.07

26

5.00

22

2.25

–262

.25

Stai

nles

s ste

el

RF4

, 16E

4 25

3 1

Stai

nles

s ste

el

TAN

-30A

TA

N-M

ON

-A-0

30

1012

4,

780.

62

320.

90

299.

90–3

19.9

0 St

ainl

ess s

teel

R

F4, 5

E8

313

0.75

St

ainl

ess s

teel

TAN

-31

TAN

T-IN

J-A

-003

12

19

4,78

0.83

31

0.00

20

5–31

0 O

pen

hole

R

F2

258

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TAN

-37A

TA

NT-

MO

N-A

-011

11

63

4,78

4.35

41

5.90

20

4–41

5.90

O

pen

hole

R

F2

240

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TAN

-37B

TA

NT-

MO

N-A

-011

11

63

4,78

4.35

41

5.90

20

4–41

5.90

O

pen

hole

R

F2

270

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TAN

-37C

TA

NT-

MO

N-A

-011

11

63

4,78

2.32

41

5.90

204–

415.

90

Ope

n ho

le

RF4

37

5 1

Stai

nles

s ste

el

TAN

-D2

TAN

-Dra

inag

e D

ispo

sal 2

33

9 4,

779.

89

262.

00

116–

126

Perf

orat

ed

RF4

24

1 1

Stai

nles

s ste

el

—

—

—

—

20

1–22

2 Pe

rfor

ated

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

23

2–25

1 Pe

rfor

ated

—

—

—

—

TAN

-9

TAN

-09

346

4,78

2.62

32

6 30

0.4–

322.

4 Sl

otte

d st

eel

RF4

29

3 1

Stee

l

Tabl

e A

-1. (

cont

inue

d).

A-4

Sam

ple

Loca

tion

Wel

l Nam

e W

ell I

D

Elev

atio

n at

Top

of

Cas

ing

(ft a

bove

msl

)

Wel

l Tot

al

Dep

th

(ft b

ls)

Scre

ened

In

terv

al(s

) (f

t bls

) Sc

reen

Ty

pe

Pum

p

Type

Sam

plin

gD

epth

(f

t bls

)

Pum

p D

isch

arge

Li

ne o

r Pip

e D

iam

eter

(in

.)

Dis

char

ge

Line

or P

ipe

Mat

eria

l

TAN

-185

9A

TAN

-185

9 18

59

4,78

5.23

30

1 20

4–30

1 O

pen

hole

R

F2

225

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TAN

-185

9B

TAN

-185

9 18

59

4,78

5.23

30

1 20

4–30

1 O

pen

hole

R

F2

250

0.38

Po

lyet

hyle

ne

TAN

-186

0 TA

N-1

860

1860

4,

784.

99

413

204–

413

Ope

n ho

le

RF2

26

9 0.

38

Poly

ethy

lene

TAN

-186

1 TA

N-1

861

1861

4,

785.

53

414

204–

414

Ope

n ho

le

RF2

23

9 0.

38

Poly

ethy

lene

RF2

G

rund

fos R

ediF

lo-2

pum

p R

F4

Gru

ndfo

s Red

iFlo

-4 p

ump

Tabl

e A

-2. W

ell c

onst

ruct

ion

info

rmat

ion

for t

he O

pera

ble

Uni

t 1-0

7B m

edia

l zon

e/N

ew P

ump

and

Trea

t Fac

ility

mon

itorin

g w

ells

.

Wel

l Nam

e W

ell I

D

Elev

atio

n at

To

p of

Cas

ing

(ft a

bove

msl

, N

GV

D29

)

Wel

l Tot

alD

epth

(f

t bls

)

Prod

uctio

n In

terv

al(s

) (f

t bls

) Sc

reen

Type

Sc

reen

Mat

eria

l Pu

mp

Type

Sam

plin

gD

epth

(f

t bls

)

Pum

p D

isch

arge

Li

ne o

r Pip

e D

iam

eter

(in

.)

Dis

char

ge

Line

or P

ipe

Mat

eria

l TA

N-3

3 11

35

4,80

0.41

44

1 23

1–44

1 O

N

A

RF2

30

7 0.

5 Te

flon

TAN

-36

1138

4,

796.

35

443

200–

443

O

NA

R

F2

295.

7 0.

5 Te

flon

TAN

-41

1167

4,

785.

94

422

204–

422

O

NA

R

F2

275

0.38

Po

ly

TAN

-42

1168

4,

802.

58

440

197–

440

O

NA

R

F2

268

0.38

Po

ly

TAN

-43

1169

4,

801.

78

438

220–

438

O

NA

R

F2

298.

6 0.

5 Te

flon

TAN

-44

1170

4,

800.

75

442

221–

442

O

NA

R

F2

294.

5 0.

5 Te

flon

NA

no

t app

licab

le

NP

no p

ump

O

open

hol

e

Poly

po

lyet

hyle

ne

PVC

po

lyvi

nyl c

hlor

ide

RF2

G

rund

fos R

ediF

lo-2

pum

p R

F4

Gru

ndfo

s Red

iFlo

-4 p

ump

A-5

Tabl

e A

-3. W

ell c

onst

ruct

ion

info

rmat

ion

for t

he m

onito

red

natu

ral a

ttenu

atio

n m

onito

ring

wel

ls.

Wel

l Nam

e W

ell I

D

Elev

atio

n at

To

p of

Cas

ing

(ft a

bove

msl

, NG

VD

29)

Wel

l Tot

alD

epth

(f

t bls

)

Prod

uctio

n In

terv

al(s

) (f

t bls

) Sc

reen

Type

Sc

reen

M

ater

ial

Pum

p Ty

pe

Sam

plin

gD

epth

(f

t bls

)

Pum

p D

isch

arge

Li

ne o

r Pip

e D

iam

eter

(in

.)

Dis

char

geLi

ne o

r Pip

e M

ater

ial

MN

A T

CE

Plum

e TA

N-1

6 75

2 4,

788.

81

323.

00

302–

322

ss

ss

RF4

31

7 1

ss

TAN

-21

793

4,78

9.2

519.

50

431–

451

ss

ss

RF4

43

2 1

ss

TAN

-51

1316

4,

788.

59

470.

00

NA

O

N

A

FLU

Te®

a 41

3 0.

38

Poly

TA

N-5

4 13

40

4,78

9.36

47

4.00

N

A

O

NA

FL

UTe

®a

460

0.38

Po

ly

TAN

-55

1341

4,

789.

64

470.

00

NA

O

N

A

FLU

Te®

a 31

7 0.

38

Poly

TA

N-5

2 13

17

4,78

8.00

47

0.00

N

A

O

NA

FL

UTe

®a

373

0.38

Po

ly

AN

P-8

76

4,79

0.52

30

9.20

23

2.8–

304.

65

P St

eel

RF2

26

8 0.

38

Poly

TA

N-5

6 13

42

4,79

0.05

46

0.00

N

A

O

NA

FL

UTe

®a

334

0.38

Po

ly

TAN

-57

1343

4,

790.

30

491.

00

221–

491

O

NA

N

Pb 35

3 —

—

TA

N-5

8 13

44

4,79

1.70

48

3.00

22

0–48

3 O

N

A

RF2

29

5 0.

38

Poly

G

IN-0

4 16

2 4,

788.

08

300.

00

287–

297

s PV

C

RF2

29

2 0.

38

Poly

M

NA

Rad

ionu

clid

es

TAN

-25

1117

4,

783.

25

315.

00

217–

297

s ss

R

F2

230

0.38

Po

ly

TAN

-28

1008

4,

781.

07

262.

00

220–

260

s ss

R

F2

240

0.38

Po

ly

TAN

-29

1010

4,

784.

07

265.

00

222.

25–2

62.2

5 s

ss

RF4

, 16E

425

3 1

ss

TAN

-30A

10

12

4,78

0.62

32

0.90

29

9.90

–319

.90

s ss

R

F4, 5

E8

313

0.75

ss

TA

N-3

7A

1163

4,

784.

35

415.

90

204–

415.

9 O

N

A

RF2

24

0 0.

38

Poly

TA

N-3

7B

1163

4,

784.

35

415.

90

204–

415.

9 O

N

A

RF2

27

0 0.

38

Poly

TS

F-05

A

71

4,78

3.36

31

0.00

18

0–24

4 P

Stee

l R

F2

235

0.38

Po

ly

TSF-

05B

71

4,

783.

36

310.

00

269–

305

P St

eel

RF2

26

8 0.

38

Poly

TA

N-1

861

1861

4,

785.

53

414

204–

414

O

NA

R

F2

239

0.38

Po

ly

a. If

the

Flex

ible

Lin

er U

nder

grou

nd T

echn

olog

y (F

LUTe

®) i

s rem

oved

, a d

edic

ated

or p

orta

ble

subm

ersi

ble

pum

p w

ill b

e us

ed to

sam

ple

this

wel

l. b.

A p

ort-a

-ree

l pum

p w

ill b

e us

ed to

sam

ple

this

wel

l. N

A

not a

pplic

able

N

P no

pum

p O

op

en h

ole

P

perf

orat

ed

poly

po

lyet

hyle

ne

PVC

po

lyvi

nyl c

hlor

ide

RF2

G

rund

fos R

ediF

lo-2

pum

p R

F4

Gru

ndfo

s Red

iFlo

-4 p

ump

s sl

otte

d ss

st

ainl

ess s

teel

TB

D

to b

e de

term

ined

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