moment (m ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a...

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1 6.6 Moments, Centers of Mass, and Centroids mass (m) p459 Def. Table (Gram, Kilogram, Slug, . . .) Moment (M) = (force)(distance from the point or line of rotation) Def. A seesaw will balance when the left and the right moments are equal!

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Page 1: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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6.6 Moments, Centers of Mass, and Centroids

mass (m)  p459 Def. Table (Gram, Kilogram, Slug, . . .)

Moment (M) = (force) (distance from the point or line of rotation)

Def.

A seesaw will balance when the left and the right moments are equal!

Page 2: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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Linear (one dimensional) Mass Distributionnot continuous ‐ "discrete"

ie. teeter totter

m1 m2x­axis

heavier

Page 3: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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m1 m2x­axis

x1 x2

‐ Center of Massx(relative to the origin)

mass    = system

m = m1 + m2

M1 = m1 x1. M2 = m2 x2.

M .M1 + M2 =  .m1 x1= system

 +  m2 x2

(concentrate the total mass at one point with coordinate )xM x.m= O

...

x m= MO

 ­ (Moment        about the        origin)

MO

Page 4: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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Examples:

1.)

Linear (One‐Dimensional) Mass Distribution

Find the center of mass of the system consisting of a 60 lb. girl and a 90 lb. boy at opposite ends of a teeter board 10 feet long.

60 lb. 90 lb.

x = ?!

Page 5: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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2.)

Linear (One‐Dimensional) Mass Distribution ‐ Application

The road from City A (population 35,000) to City B (population 80,000) is 40 miles long, and has two towns along the way that are 12 miles from City A and 10 miles from City B, respectively.  The populations of the towns are 10,000 and 15,000.  Where is the best place to locate an airport serving these communities? 

City A City Bm1 = 35,000 m2 = 80,000m3 = 10,000 m4 = 15,000

x = ?!

Page 6: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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Center of Mass in a Two‐Dimensional Systemnot continuous ‐ "discrete"

x

y

m1

m2

mn

Page 7: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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x

y

m1

m2

mn(x1 , y1)

(x2 , y2)

(xn , yn)

Page 8: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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x

y

m1

m2

mn(x1 , y1)

(x2 , y2)

(xn , yn)

Moment about the y ‐axis:

= M y 

..m1 x1 +  m2 x2 +  mn xn.

Page 9: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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x

y

m1

m2

mn(x1 , y1)

(x2 , y2)

(xn , yn)

Moment about the x ‐axis:

= M x 

..m1 y1  +  m2 y2 +  mn yn.

Page 10: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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(x, y)Center of Massin a Two‐Dimensional System

=  . . +  m2  +  mn.m1   +mwhere

is the total mass of the system.

andM y 

mx = M x  y = m

Page 11: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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3.)

The Center of Mass of a Two‐Dimensional SystemExample 3 p462

not continuous ‐ "discrete"

Find the center of mass of a system of point masses  m1 = 6,  m2 = 3,  m3 = 2, and  m4 = 9, located at 

                    (3, ­2), (0, 0), (­5, 3), and (4, 2) as shown. m3 = 2

m1 = 6

m2 = 3

m4 = 9(­5, 3)

(0, 0) (3, ­2)

(4, 2).

..

.

Page 12: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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Assignmentp467 #1, 3-8 (one-dimensional), #9, 11 (two-dimensional)

Page 13: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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Center of Mass ("balancing point")of a Planar Lamina

Defs:

continuous mass throughout!

planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density.

density ‐ (      ­ "rho") ­ a measure of mass per unit area.p

massdensity = area

. mass density = area.. .

=  .m Ap

Page 14: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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Moments and Center of Mass of a Planar Lamina

"vertical strips", on [a, b] f (x)     g(x)

g(x)

 f (x)

x

y

a b| |

g(x)

 f (x)

x

y

a b| |

. .x f (x) g(x)+

2

aM y 

= .pb

x [ f (x) ­ g(x) ] dx

aM x = .p

b

[ f (x) ­ g(x) ] dx f (x) g(x)+2[ [

Page 15: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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"vertical strips", on [a, b] f (x)     g(x)

Center of Mass or Centroid

(x, y) ,= M x 

mM y 

m( (where,

= m p [ f (x) ­ g(x) ] dxa

b

Page 16: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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The Centroid of a Plane RegionExample 5 p465

continuous mass distribution

Find the centroid of the region bounded by the graphs of   f (x) = 4 ­ x2   and   g(x) = x + 2.4.)

f (x)

g(x)

Page 17: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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What if ?!!

"horizontal strips", on [c, d] f (  y)     g( y)

g(y)y

 f (y)

x

c

d

|

|

.

 f (y)

x

c

d

|

|

y

 f (y) g(y)+2

g(y)

Page 18: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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The Centroid of a Plane Region horizontal strips

continuous mass distribution

Find the centroid of the region bounded by the graphs of   x = 4 ­ y2   and   x = 1.5.)

x = 1

Page 19: Moment (M ) mass ( mteachers.oregon.k12.wi.us/debroux/Calc/6.6lessonkey.pdf · planar lamina ‐ a thin, flat plate of material of constant density. ... The Centroid of a Plane Region

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Assignmentp467 #13, 15, 17, 22, 24, 30

planar laminas

Set up! Use fnInt!